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Mars: New insights and unresolved questions

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Changela, Hitesh G. Chatzitheodoridis, Elias Antunes, Andre Beaty, David Bouw, Kristian Bridges, John C. Capova, Klara Anna Cockell, Charles S. Conley, Catharine A. Dadachova, Ekaterina Dallas, Tiffany D. de Mey, Stefaan Dong, Chuanfei Ellery, Alex Ferus, Martin Foing, Bernard Fu, Xiaohui Fujita, Kazuhisa Lin, Yangtin Jheeta, Sohan Hicks, Leon J. Hu, Sen Kereszturi, Akos Krassakis, Alexandros Liu, Yang Oberst, Juergen Michalski, Joe Ranjith, P.M. Rinaldi, Teresa Rothery, David Stavrakakis, Hector A. Selbmann, Laura Sinha, Rishitosh K. Wang, Alian Williford, Ken Vaci, Zoltan Vago, Jorge L. Waltemathe, Michael Hallsworth, John E. Key Laboratory of Earth & Planetary Physics Institute of Geology & Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Earth & Planetary Science University of New Mexico New Mexico United States Department of Geological Sciences National Technical University of Athens School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Athens Greece Network of Researchers on the Chemical Evolution of Life Leeds United Kingdom China Mars Program Office Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Creative Division Notion Theory MiamiFL33131 United States Space Research Centre School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester LeicesterLE17RH United Kingdom Noordwijk Netherlands School of Physics and Astronomy University of Edinburgh James Clerk Maxwell Building Peter Guthrie Tait Road EdinburghEH9 3FD United Kingdom NASA Ames Research Center Mountain ViewCA94035 United States College of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Saskatchewan Canada Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast 19 Chlorine Gardens BelfastBT9 5DL United Kingdom Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton University United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Carleton University OttawaON Canada J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic Shandong Province China Tokyo Japan Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences Budapest Hungary Athens Greece National Space Science Centre NSSC Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China DLR Institute of Planetary Research Berlin Germany Hong Kong University Hong Kong Department of Biology and Biotechnology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy School of Physical Sciences The Open University Milton Keynes United Kingdom Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy Physical Research Lab

Mars exploration motivates the search for extraterrestrial life, the development of space technologies, and the design of human missions and habitations. Here, we seek new insights and pose unresolved questions relating to the natural history of Mars, habitability, robotic and human exploration, planetary protection, and the impacts on human society. key observations and findings include: - high escape rates of early Mars' atmosphere, including loss of water, impact present-day habitability;- putative fossils on Mars will likely be ambiguous biomarkers for life;- microbial contamination resulting from human habitation is unavoidable;and - based on Mars' current planetary protection category, robotic payload(s) should characterize the local martian environment for any life-forms prior to human habitation. Some of the outstanding questions are: - which interpretation of the hemispheric dichotomy of the planet is correct;- to what degree did deep-penetrating faults transport subsurface liquids to Mars' surface;- in what abundance are carbonates formed by atmospheric processes;- what properties of martian meteorites could be used to constrain their source locations;- the origin(s) of organic macromolecules;- was/is Mars inhabited;- how can missions designed to uncover microbial activity in the subsurface eliminate potential false positives caused by microbial contaminants from Earth;- how can we ensure that humans and microbes form a stable and benign biosphere;and - should humans relate to putative extraterrestrial life from a biocentric viewpoint (preservation of all biology), or anthropocentric viewpoint of expanding habitation of space? Studies of Mars' evolution can shed light on the habitability of extrasolar planets. In addition, Mars exploration can drive future policy developments and confirm (or put into question) the feasibility and/or extent of human habitability of space. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Extrasolar planets

Study on the method of transmission line foreign body detection based on deep learning

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Study on the method of transmission line foreign body detect...

2017 IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration, EI2 2017

作者： Wang, Bixiao Wu, Runze Zheng, Zhe Zhang, Weilong Guo, Jinghong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing China Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co. Ltd. State Grid Key Laboratory of Information AndNetwork Security State Grid Laboratory of Electric Power Communication Network Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538614273

Target detection methods based on region proposal are complicated and the detection speed is slow, which is difficult to meet the requirement of real-time detection of massive power inspection pictures. SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector) is simpler than the one that requires region proposal, eliminates the generation of proposals and subsequent feature resampling phases, and encapsulates all calculations in a single network. The model is more easily trained while meeting the high accuracy and real-time detection requirements. In this paper, we described the SSD method in detail, compared and analyzed the DPM (Deformable Parts Model), Faster R-CNN and SSD methods. The three methods are tested and verified by using the actual data set of transmission line foreign body, and the influence of different parameters on the identification results is discussed. The experimental results show that the SSD method can achieve 85.2% of the mAP(mean average precision) at 26FPS (GTX1050Ti), it can meet the real-time requirements while ensuring the accuracy of detection, and the feasibility of the recognition method based on deep learning is verified in real time foreign body detection of transmission line. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Electric lines

Marked temporal dynamics modeling based on recurrent neural network

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Wang, Yongqing Liu, Shenghua Shen, Huawei Cheng, Xueqi CAS Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

We are now witnessing the increasing availability of event stream data, i.e., a sequence of events with each event typically being denoted by the time it occurs and its mark information (e.g., event type). A fundamental problem is to model and predict such kind of marked temporal dynamics, i.e., when the next event will take place and what its mark will be. Existing methods either predict only the mark or the time of the next event, or predict both of them, yet separately. Indeed, in marked temporal dynamics, the time and the mark of the next event are highly dependent on each other, requiring a method that could simultaneously predict both of them. To tackle this problem, in this paper, we propose to model marked temporal dynamics by using a mark-specific intensity function to explicitly capture the dependency between the mark and the time of the next event. Extensive experiments on two datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods at predicting marked temporal dynamics. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

An approach for security evaluation and certification of a complete quantum communication system

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Sajeed, Shihan Chaiwongkhot, Poompong Huang, Anqi Qin, Hao Egorov, Vladimir Kozubov, Anton Gaidash, Andrei Chistiakov, Vladimir Vasiliev, Artur Gleim, Artur Makarov, Vadim Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto M5S 3G4 Canada Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China CAS Quantum Network Co. Ltd. 99 Xiupu road Shanghai201315 China Faculty of Photonics and Optical Information ITMO University Kadetskaya line 3/2 St. Petersburg199034 Russia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai201315 China

Although quantum communication systems are being deployed on a global scale, their realistic security certification is not yet available. Here we present a security evaluation and improvement protocol for complete quantum communication systems. The protocol subdivides a system by defining seven system implementation sub-layers based on a hierarchical order of information flow;then it categorises the known system implementation imperfections by hardness of protection and practical risk. Next, an initial analysis report lists all potential loopholes in its quantum-optical part. It is followed by interactions with the system manufacturer, testing and patching most loopholes, and re-assessing their status. Our protocol has been applied on multiple commercial quantum key distribution systems to improve their security. A detailed description of our methodology is presented with the example of a subcarrier-wave system. Our protocol is a step towards future security evaluation and security certification standards. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum communication

A decoupling two-grid method for the time-dependent poisson-nernst-planck equations

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Shen, Ruigang Shu, Shi Yang, Ying Lu, Benzhuo School of Mathematics and Computational Science Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan411105 China Hunan Key Laboratory for Computation and Simulation in Science and Engineering Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan411105 China School of Mathematics and Computational Science Guangxi Colleges Universities Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Computation Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and information Security Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin Guangxi541004 China Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

We study a two-grid strategy for decoupling the time-dependent Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations describing the mass concentration of ions and the electrostatic potential. The computational system is decoupled to smaller systems by using coarse space solutions at each time level, which can speed up the solution process compared with the finite element method combined with the Gummel iteration. We derive the optimal error estimates in L2 norm for both semi- and fully discrete finite element approximations. Based on the a priori error estimates, the error estimates in H1 norm are presented for the two-grid algorithm. The theoretical results indicate this decoupling method can retain the same accuracy as the finite element method. Numerical experiments including the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations for an ion channel show the efficiency and effectiveness of the decoupling two-grid method. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Finite element method

Big-data analysis of multi-source logs for anomaly detection on network-based system

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Big-data analysis of multi-source logs for anomaly detection...

IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)

作者： Zhanpei Jia Chao Shen Xiao Yi Yufei Chen Tianwen Yu Xiaohong Guan Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi CN Control Laboratory MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security and Science and Technology on Electronic Information

Log data are important audit basis to record routine events occurring on computer or network system, which are also critical data source for detecting system anomalies. By analyzing the data from multi-source logs, it is helpful to detect abnormal system behaviors and discover intruder attacks in real time. In this paper, a Spark-based log data security platform is designed and built to analyze the large-scale log data and detect abnormal network behaviors. By integrating data mining, machine learning, and statistical analysis technologies, our proposed framework can quickly analyze large-scale multi-source log data and accurately discriminate the abnormal behaviors. Furthermore, the association analysis is applied to detect abnormal behaviors or potential threats in the system. Under a real-world network environment, extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the system performance, which can achieve a fast and accurate detection for abnormal network behaviors, and significantly improve the accuracies under various types of network attack scenarios.

关键词： Intrusion detection Anomaly detection Monitoring Clustering algorithms Linux

A New Triage Process Model for Digital Investigations

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A New Triage Process Model for Digital Investigations

2016 IEEE Advanced Information Management,Communicates,Electronic and Automation Control Conference(IMCEC 2016)

作者： Bo Yang Ning Li Jianguo Jiang Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Network Security Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781509001668

As the amount of crimes involving the digital dimension grows,an ever increasing number of digital artifacts collected from a forensic investigation needs plenty of resources to process in a forensically sound *** forensic triage provides a way to deal with this scalability problem,as it is tailored to maximize the utilization of resources based on a priority ***,the paucity of definite solutions limits efforts to triage *** this article,we propose a Dual-Triage Digital Forensic Process Model,termed DTDFPM,which increases the effectiveness and efficiency of *** DTDFPM simultaneously enjoys the following properties: i) background information is utilized to prioritize cases and specific features are determined which media contain information relevant to the investigation,ii) a Priority Sorting with ArtificialNeuron algorithm(PSAN) is designed,which is the first application of neural network to sorting solution in digital triage,iii) efficient integration,the proposed model implemented based on the Python programming language can be easy to integrate into existing forensic *** theoretical analysis and performance evaluation indicate the advantage of our proposed process model.

关键词： Digital forensics digital triage process model case study

Pan-cancer analysis of somatic mutations across 21 neuroendocrine tumor types

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细胞研究（英文版） 2018年第5期28卷 601-604页

作者： Yanan Cao Weiwei Zhou Lin Li Jiaqian Wang Zhibo Gao Yiran Jiang Xiuli Jiang Aijing Shan Matthew H. Bailey Kuan-lin Huang Sam Q. Sun Michael D. McLellan Beifang Niu Weiqing Wang Li Ding Guang Ning Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors Rui-Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors Rui-Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China YuceBio Shenzhen China McDonnell Genome Institute Washington University St Louis MO USA Department of Medicine Division of Oncology Washington University St Louis MO USA McDonnell Genome Institute Washington University St Louis MO USA McDonnell Genome Institute Washington University St Louis MO USA Department of High-Performance Computing Technology and Application Development Computer Network Information Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China McDonnell Genome Institute Washington University St Louis MO USA Department of Medicine Division of Oncology Washington University St Louis MO USA Siteman Cancer Center Washington University St. Louis MO USA

Dear Editor,Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) comprise a heterogeneous spectrum of neoplasms originating from neuroendocrine cells in various organs — most commonly in the endocrine glands and the gastrointestinal tract.1 The molecular and etiological features of NETs arising from different organs are still far from clarified. Therefore, systematic analysis of genomic alternations and their contribution to core pathways in NETs is urgently needed for the development of novel diagnostic, therapeutic strategies and personalized management of patients. Here, we investigated somatic mutations across 21 NET types through pan-cancer analysis and identified 86 candidate driver genes. Further analysis of druggability and panel sequencing of these genes provide potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for NETs.

关键词： Cancer genomics Endocrine cancer

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2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Applications(AIEA 2017)

作者： LIHUA PAN BINGXIAN MA YAN WANG Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing University of Jinan Electronic Department Shandong College of Electronic Technology

The similarity and of user behaviors behavior is conductive to great classify users,cluster different groups,generate the *** is of significance novel to of achieve a finegrained analysis of user *** In this paper,a method on computing the similarity involves of the e-commerce following behaviors is presented based Petri *** method *** first use Petri nets to and model user ***,Then,we calculate the get similarities of by can behavioral sequences behavioral ***,presents and we the results comparing the similarities of *** experiment that this method Petri reflect Above data all,features it and a behavioral higher sequences by places transitions of *** accuracy of the similarity calculation.

关键词： Petri net User behavior Similarity calculation E-commerce system