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Block-gram:Mining knowledgeable features for efficiently smart contract vulnerability detection

Digital Communications and networks 2025年第1期11卷 1-12页

作者： Xueshuo Xie Haolong Wang Zhaolong Jian Yaozheng Fang Zichun Wang Tao Li Tianjin Key Laboratory of Network and Data Security Technology TianjinChina College of Computer Science Nankai UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Cyberspace Governance of Zhejiang Province China State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChina

Smart contracts are widely used on the blockchain to implement complex transactions,such as decentralized applications on *** vulnerability detection of large-scale smart contracts is critical,as attacks on smart contracts often cause huge economic *** it is difficult to repair and update smart contracts,it is necessary to find the vulnerabilities before they are ***,code analysis,which requires traversal paths,and learning methods,which require many features to be trained,are too time-consuming to detect large-scale on-chain ***-based methods will obtain detection models from a feature space compared to code analysis methods such as symbol *** the existing features lack the interpretability of the detection results and training model,even worse,the large-scale feature space also affects the efficiency of *** paper focuses on improving the detection efficiency by reducing the dimension of the features,combined with expert *** this paper,a feature extraction model Block-gram is proposed to form low-dimensional knowledge-based features from ***,the metadata is separated and the runtime code is converted into a sequence of opcodes,which are divided into segments based on some instructions(jumps,etc.).Then,scalable Block-gram features,including 4-dimensional block features and 8-dimensional attribute features,are mined for the learning-based model ***,feature contributions are calculated from SHAP values to measure the relationship between our features and the results of the detection *** addition,six types of vulnerability labels are made on a dataset containing 33,885 contracts,and these knowledge-based features are evaluated using seven state-of-the-art learning algorithms,which show that the average detection latency speeds up 25×to 650×,compared with the features extracted by N-gram,and also can enhance the interpretability of the detection model.

关键词： Smart contract Bytecode&opcode Knowledgeable features Vulnerability detection Feature contribution

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A fully connected polarization-entangled network via integrated spontaneous four-wave mixing engineering

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第6期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 76-83页

作者： Pingyu Zhu Yan Wang Yuxing Du Miaomiao Yu Kaikai Zhang Kun Wang Ping Xu Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense Technology Hefei National Laboratory

Quantum communication is rapidly developing and is gradually being commercialized due to its technological maturity. Establishing dense communication links among multiple users in a scalable and efficient way is of great significance for realizing a large-scale quantum communication network. Here, we propose a novel scheme to construct a fully connected polarizationentangled network, utilizing the engineering of spontaneous four-wave mixings(SFWMs) and a path-polarization converter. It does not require active optical switches which limit the communication speed, or trusted nodes which lead to potential security risks. The required frequency channels in the network grow linearly with the number of users. We experimentally demonstrate a six-user fully connected network with on-chip SFWM processes motivated by four pumps. Each user in the network receives a frequency channel, and all fifteen connections between the users are implemented simultaneously. Our work opens up a promising scheme to efficiently construct fully connected large-scale networks.

关键词： quantum network quantum entanglement nonlinear optics integrated optics

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A data representation method using distance correlation

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Frontiers of Computer science 2025年第1期19卷 1-14页

作者： Xinyan LIANG Yuhua QIAN Qian GUO keyin ZHENG Institute of Big Data Science and Industry Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Chinese Information Processing of Ministry of Education Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China School of Computer Science and Technology Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Parallel Computing Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

Association in-between features has been demonstrated to improve the representation ability of data. However, the original association data reconstruction method may face two issues: the dimension of reconstructed data is undoubtedly higher than that of original data, and adopted association measure method does not well balance effectiveness and efficiency. To address above two issues, this paper proposes a novel association-based representation improvement method, named as AssoRep. AssoRep first obtains the association between features via distance correlation method that has some advantages than Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Then an improved matrix is formed via stacking the association value of any two features. Next, an improved feature representation is obtained by aggregating the original feature with the enhancement matrix. Finally, the improved feature representation is mapped to a low-dimensional space via principal component analysis. The effectiveness of AssoRep is validated on 120 datasets and the fruits further prefect our previous work on the association data reconstruction.

关键词： association representation distance correlation classification

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Inductive Link Prediction in N-ary Knowledge Graphs 31

Inductive Link Prediction in N-ary Knowledge Graphs

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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Wei, Jiyao Guan, Saiping Jin, Xiaolong Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

N-ary Knowledge Graphs (NKGs), where a fact can involve more than two entities, have gained increasing attention. Link Prediction in NKGs (LPN) aims to predict missing elements in facts to facilitate the completion of NKGs. Current LPN methods implicitly operate under a closed-world assumption, meaning that the sets of entities and roles are fixed. These methods focus on predicting missing elements within facts composed of entities and roles seen during training. However, in reality, new facts involving unseen entities and roles frequently emerge, requiring completing these facts. Thus, this paper proposes a new task, Inductive Link Prediction in NKGs (ILPN), which aims to predict missing elements in facts involving unseen entities and roles in emerging NKGs. To address this task, we propose a Meta-learning-based Nary knowledge Inductive Reasoner (MetaNIR), which employs a graph neural network with meta-learning mechanisms to embed unseen entities and roles adaptively. The obtained embeddings are used to predict missing elements in facts involving unseen elements. Since no existing dataset supports this task, three datasets are constructed to evaluate the effectiveness of MetaNIR. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that MetaNIR consistently outperforms representative models across all datasets. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Large Language Model-Based Event Relation Extraction with Rationales 31

Large Language Model-Based Event Relation Extraction with Ra...

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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Hu, Zhilei Li, Zixuan Jin, Xiaolong Bai, Long Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi CAS Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesSchool of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

Event Relation Extraction (ERE) aims to extract various types of relations between different events within texts. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in many natural language processing tasks, existing ERE methods based on LLMs still face three key challenges: (1) Time Inefficiency: The existing pairwise method of combining events and determining their relations is time-consuming for LLMs. (2) Low Coverage: When dealing with numerous events in a document, the limited generation length of fine-tuned LLMs restricts the coverage of their extraction results. (3) Lack of Rationale: Essential rationales concerning the results that could enhance the reasoning ability of the model are overlooked. To address these challenges, we propose LLMERE, an LLM-based approach with rationales for the ERE task. LLMERE transforms ERE into a question-and-answer task that may have multiple answers. By extracting all events related to a specified event at once, LLMERE reduces time complexity from O(n2) to O(n), compared to the pairwise method. Subsequently, LLMERE enhances the coverage of extraction results by employing a partitioning strategy that highlights only a portion of the events in the document at a time. In addition to the extracted results, LLMERE is also required to generate corresponding rationales/reasons behind them, in terms of event coreference information or transitive chains of event relations. Experimental results on three widely used datasets show that LLMERE achieves significant improvements over baseline methods. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Machine learning empowered UAV-based beamforming design in ISAC systems

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 285-286页

作者： Xiangyang DUAN Xiaoqi ZHANG Shuqiang XIA Zhongbin WANG Yihua MA Weijie YUAN State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology Wireless and Computing Research InstituteZTE Corporation School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology Sydney School of Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and Technology

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been proposed as an enabling technology for the realization of the next-generation wireless system,which focuses on performing wireless communication and sensing *** the various potential ISAC-based applications,unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based ISAC plays a significant part in unlocking the potential of future next-generation wireless communication,facilitating low-latency data transmission in high-mobility *** by recent advancements,a variety of effective techniques have been investigated to optimize beamforming design in ISAC *** instance,the authors in [1] introduced an extended Kalman filtering (EKF)-based method tailored for millimeter wave (mmWave) ISAC ***,Ref.[2]proposed an extended interacting multiple model (IMM)-EKF framework designed for vehicular networks with intricate roadway *** these advancements,the aforementioned methods typically employ a separate scheme for channel prediction and beam alignment,which introduces additional signaling overhead in real-world ***,there is a demand for an end-to-end beamforming design approach specifically for UAV-based ISAC systems.

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Underwater target recognition based on adaptive multi-feature fusion network

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 7297-7317页

作者： Pan, Xiaoying Sun, Jia Feng, TianHao Lei, MingZhu Wang, Hao Zhang, WuXia Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Data Analysis and Intelligent Processing Xi’an710121 China Xi’an Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing Xi’an710121 China School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an University of Post & Telecommunications Xi’an710121 China

Due to the complexity of the underwater environment, underwater acoustic target recognition is more challenging than ordinary target recognition, and has become a hot topic in the field of underwater acoustics research. In recent years, deep learning has been widely used in underwater recognition due to its powerful feature learning capabilities. However, most deep learning-based underwater target recognition methods use only the time-frequency domain features of signals, ignoring the frequency domain image features of signals. Additionally, they only use simple summation or splicing strategies to fuse and discriminate the extracted features, which leads to limited improvement in the accuracy of underwater target recognition. To address these issues, this paper proposes an underwater target recognition method based on an adaptive multi-feature fusion network. The method consists of a data pre-processing module, a multi-dimensional feature extraction module, and an adaptive multi-feature fusion module. In the multi-dimensional feature extraction module, the long short time memory network (LSTM) and the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN) are used to extract the time-frequency features of the underwater signal. Furthermore, the two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2DCNN) is used to extract the image features in the frequency domain. The adaptive multi-feature fusion module uses an attention mechanism for adaptive weighted fusion to make full use of the learned features. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on the ShipEar dataset, and the recognition accuracy reaches 94.92%, which is higher than other existing methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Revisiting SGX-Based Encrypted Deduplication via PoW-Before-Encryption and Eliminating Redundant Computations

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure computing 2025年第3期22卷 2037-2053页

作者： Ha, Guanxiong Ge, Xiaowei Jia, Chunfu Chen, Yuchen Su, Zhen Nankai University College of Cyber Science Tianjin Key Laboratory of Network and Data Security Technology Dissec Tianjin300350 China

Encrypted deduplication is attractive for outsourced storage as it provides both data confidentiality and storage savings. Conventional encrypted deduplication schemes protect data confidentiality based on expensive cryptographic primitives, leading to performance degradation. Recently, several SGX-based schemes have been proposed to accelerate encrypted deduplication. However, these schemes have limitations in both security and performance aspects. This paper presents a SGX-based basic scheme to address these limitations, which first performs proof of ownership (PoW), followed by key generation and data encryption, realizing a new paradigm known as PoW-before-encryption (PbE) to solve the security issue in existing schemes. Additionally, the basic scheme implements deduplication-before-encryption (DbE) to reduce redundant computations, thus improving performance. Despite these improvements, the duplicate detection and key generation in the basic scheme still involve redundant computations. Consequently, we propose an epoch-based enhanced scheme that utilizes data locality and computation deduplication, which caches fresh computations in an epoch and reuses them to enhance performance. We provide a security analysis and evaluate the performance of our schemes using both synthetic and real-world workloads. The results demonstrate that our schemes offer stronger security guarantees while outperforming state-of-the-art schemes in terms of performance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Cryptography

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Edge-Cloud Cooperation-Driven Intelligent Sustainability Evaluation Strategy Based on IoT and CPS for Energy-Intensive Manufacturing Industries

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12287-12297页

作者： Ma, Shuaiyin Huang, Yuming Chen, Yanping Xiao, Qinge Xu, Jun Leng, Jiewu Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Data Analysis and Intelligent Processing Xi’an Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an710121 China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen518055 China Xidian University Advanced Manufacturing Technology Innovation Center Guangzhou Institute of Technology Guangzhou510555 China Guangdong University of Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Integrated Manufacturing System State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Guangzhou510006 China

The advancement of the Industry 5.0 in information technology has led to increased interest in integrating edge-cloud cooperation with Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical system (CPS) designs. This integration effectively reduces service delays and provides real-time analysis feedback to physical spaces, attracting attention from both academia and industry. These advanced technologies enhance production system intelligence, their alignment with circular economy principles for promoting sustainability has been overlooked. To address this gap, this article proposes an intelligent sustainability evaluation strategy driven by edge-cloud cooperation, IoT, and CPS. The proposed approach aims to enhance production sustainability and intelligence through circular economy perspectives. It introduces improved gray relation analysis and deep clustering network techniques to extract meaningful insights from diverse indicators within the evaluation system. By analyzing relationships between different equipment and workshops, it provides an analytical method that enhances production efficiency while reducing energy consumption and resource waste. To further validate the proposed method, an illustrative example using a partner company’s production data demonstrates its accuracy. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Circular economy

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Blockchain and signcryption enabled asynchronous federated learning framework in fog computing

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Digital Communications and networks 2025年第2期11卷 442-454页

作者： Zhou Zhou Youliang Tian Jinbo Xiong Changgen Peng Jing Li Nan Yang State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Security and Cryptology College of Computer and Cyber Security Fujian Normal University Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security Guilin University of Electronic Technology

Federated learning combines with fog computing to transform data sharing into model sharing, which solves the issues of data isolation and privacy disclosure in fog computing. However, existing studies focus on centralized single-layer aggregation federated learning architecture, which lack the consideration of cross-domain and asynchronous robustness of federated learning, and rarely integrate verification mechanisms from the perspective of incentives. To address the above challenges, we propose a Blockchain and Signcryption enabled Asynchronous Federated Learning(BSAFL) framework based on dual aggregation for cross-domain scenarios. In particular, we first design two types of signcryption schemes to secure the interaction and access control of collaborative learning between domains. Second, we construct a differential privacy approach that adaptively adjusts privacy budgets to ensure data privacy and local models' availability of intra-domain user. Furthermore, we propose an asynchronous aggregation solution that incorporates consensus verification and elastic participation using blockchain. Finally, security analysis demonstrates the security and privacy effectiveness of BSAFL, and the evaluation on real datasets further validates the high model accuracy and performance of BSAFL.

关键词： Blockchain Signcryption Federated learning Asynchronous Fog computing

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