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Northward expansion of the western Pacific Warm Pool in late 1990s and early 2000s

Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2012年第4期30卷 684-689页

作者：杨宇星王法明 Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Based on 48-year (1958-2006) ocean reanalysis data of Simple ocean Data Assimilation and 23-year (1984-2006) global ocean-surface heat flux products developed by the Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Heat Flux Project, meridional variation of the western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) is addressed. The results show that there is a significant expansion of the northern edge of the WPWP in the late 1990s and early 2000s. This variation is mainly within 120°E-160°E by 8°N-20°N, we define this region (120°E-160°E by 8°N-20°N) as the core region. Furthermore, analyses on upper ocean heat budget show that the short wave radiation plays a key role in the northward expansion of the northern edge of the WPWP in the core region. It is proved that the northward expansion may be caused by the change of the mixed layer which became shallower in 1994-2006 compared with 1984-1993 in the study region. The short wave radiation flux distribution within the shallower mixed layer leads to a positive anomaly in seawater temperature, promoting the northward expansion of the WPWP.

关键词： western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) northward expansion mixed layer

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An evaluation of the simulations of the Arctic Intermediate Water in climate models and reanalyses

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Acta oceanologica Sinica 2014年第12期33卷 1-14页

作者： LI Xiang SU Jie ZHAO Jinping Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The simulations of the Arctic Intermediate Water in four datasets of climate models and reanalyses, CCSM3, CCSM4, SODA and GLORYS, are analyzed and evaluated. The climatological core temperatures and depths in both CCSM models exhibit deviations over 0.5°C and 200 m from the PHC. SODA reanalysis reproduces relatively reasonable spatial patterns of core temperature and depth, while GLORYS, another reanalysis, shows a remarkable cooling and deepening drift compared with the result at the beginning of the dataset especially in the Eurasian Basin （about 2°C）. The heat contents at the depth of intermediate water in the CCSM models are overestimated with large positive errors nearly twice of that in the PHC. To the contrary, the GLORYS in 2009 show a negative error with a similar magnitude, which means the characteristic of the water mass is totally lost. The circulations in the two reanalyses at the depth of intermediate water are more energetic and realistic than those in the CCSMs, which is attributed to the horizontal eddy-permitting reso-lution. The velocity fields and the transports in the Fram Strait are also investigated. The necessity of finer horizontal resolution is concluded again. The northward volume transports are much larger in the two re-analyses, although they are still weak comparing with mooring observations. Finally, an investigation of the impact of assimilation is done with an evidence of the heat input from assimilation. It is thought to be a reason for the good performance in the SODA, while the GLORYS drifts dramatically without assimilation data in the Arctic ocean.

关键词： Arctic Intermediate Water model evaluation Arctic modeling impact of data assimilation

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Meso-scale circulation at the intermediate-depth east of Mindanao observed by Argo profiling floats

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第3期53卷 432-440页

作者： ZHOU Hui1, YUAN DongLiang1, GUO PeiFang2, SHI MaoChong2 & ZHANG QiLong 1 key laboratory of ocean circulation and wave Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 2 Physical oceanography laboratory, ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Studies Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao China

The meso-scale circulation at the intermediate depth east of Mindanao is studied using Argo profiling floats observations. The trajectories and the parking-depth velocities of Argo floats show that the intermediate-depth circulation east of Mindanao contains significant meso-scale features that are highly variable both in space and in time. Both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies at the intermediate depth (1000–2000 m) are indicated by the trajectories east of Mindanao. The mean tangential velocities of these eddies are about 10 cm/s at 2000 m and over 20 cm/s at 1000 m, which indicates that the geostrophic calculation may contain large errors due to the vigorous eddy activity at the reference levels. The analyses also suggest that these eddies might play an important role in mass and vorticity balances of the intermediate-depth circulation east of Mindanao.

关键词： Mindanao Current intermediate-depth circulation meso-scale eddy Argo profiling float

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Stream-coordinate structure of oceanic jets based on merged altimeter data

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Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2011年第1期29卷 1-9页

作者：孙澈张林林闫晓梅 Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The jet structure of the Southern ocean front south of Australia is studied in stream-coordinate with a new altimeter product—Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT) from AVISO. The accuracy of the ADT data is validated with the mooring data from a two-year subantarctic-front experiment. It is demonstrated that the ADT is consistent with in-situ measurements and captures the meso-scale activity of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Stream-coordinate analysis of ADT surface geostrophic flows finds that ACC jets exhibit large spatio-temporal variability and do not correspond to particular streamfunction values. In the circumpolar scope ACC jets display a transient fragmented pattern controlled by topographic features. The poleward shift of jet in streamfunction space, as revealed by a streamwise correlation method, indicates the presence of meridional fluxes of zonal momentum. Such cross-stream eddy fluxes concentrate the broad ACC baroclinic flow into narrow jets. Combined with a recent discovery of gravest empirical mode (GEM) in the thermohaline fields, the study clarifies the interrelationship among front, jet and streamfunction in the Southern ocean.

关键词： oceanic jet stream-coordinate Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT) gravest empirical mode (GEM)

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Characteristics of water exchange in the Luzon Strait during September 2006

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Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2009年第3期27卷 650-657页

作者：周慧南峰侍茂崇周良明郭佩芳 Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Studies Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China

The Luzon Strait is the only deep channel that connects the South China Sea(SCS) with the *** transport through the Luzon Strait is an important process influencing the circulation,heat and water budgets of the *** observations have suggested that water enters the SCS in winter but water inflow or outflow in summer is quite *** the basis of hydrographic measurements from CTD along 120° E in the Luzon Strait during the period from September 18 to 20 in 2006,the characteristics of temperature,salinity and density distributions are *** velocity and volume transport through the Luzon Strait are calculated using the method of dynamic *** major observed results show that water exchanges are mainly from the Pacific to the South China Sea in the upper layer,and the flow is relatively weak and eastward in the deeper *** net volume transport of the Luzon Strait during the observation period is westward,amounts to about 3.25 *** result is consistent with historical observations.

关键词： Luzon Strait water exchange dynamic calculation volume transport

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Comparison of nonlinear and linear PCA on surface wind,surface height,and SST in the South China Sea

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Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2010年第5期28卷 981-989页

作者：陈海英尹宝树方国洪王永刚 Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling First Institute of OceanographySOA

We compared nonlinear principal component analysis(NLPCA) with linear principal component analysis(LPCA) with the data of sea surface wind anomalies(SWA),surface height anomalies(SSHA),and sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA),taken in the South China Sea(SCS) between 1993 and *** SCS monthly data for SWA,SSHA and SSTA(i.e.,the anomalies with climatological seasonal cycle removed) were pre-filtered by LPCA,with only three leading modes *** first three modes of SWA,SSHA,and SSTA of LPCA explained 86%,71%,and 94% of the total variance in the original data,***,the three associated time coefficient functions(TCFs) were used as the input data for NLPCA *** NLPCA was made based on feed-forward neural network *** with classical linear PCA,the first NLPCA mode could explain more variance than linear PCA for the above *** nonlinearity of SWA and SSHA were stronger in most areas of the *** first mode of the NLPCA on the SWA and SSHA accounted for 67.26% of the variance versus 54.7%,and 60.24% versus 50.43%,respectively for the first LPCA ***,the nonlinear SSTA,localized in the northern SCS and southern continental shelf region,resulted in little improvement in the explanation of the variance for the first NLPCA.

关键词： South China Sea nonlinear PCA satellite data inter-annual variation

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Forecasts of South China Sea surface temperature anomalies using the Nio indices and dipole mode index as predictors

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Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2010年第1期28卷 144-152页

作者：陈海英方国洪尹宝树王永刚魏泽勋 Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling the First Institute of OceanographySOA

Based on an empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analysis of the monthly NCEP Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature （OISST） data in the South China Sea （SCS） after removing the climatological mean and trends of SST, over the period of January 1982 to October 2003, the corresponding TCF correlates best with the Dipole Mode Index （DMI）, Nino1＋2, Nino3.4, Nino3, and Niflo4 indices with time lags of 10, 3, 6, 5, and 6 months, respectively. Thus, a statistical hindcasts in the prediction model are based on a canonical correlation analysis （CCA） model using the above indices as predictors spanning from 1993/1994 to 2003/2004 with a 1-12 month lead time after the canonical variants are calculated, using data from the training periods from January 1982 to December1992. The forecast model is successful and steady when the lead times are 1-12 months. The SCS warm event in 1998 was successfully predicted with lead times from 1-12 months irrespective of the strength or time extent. The prediction ability for SSTA is lower during weak ENSO years, in which other local factors should be also considered as local effects play a relatively important role in these years. We designed the two forecast models： one using both DMI and Nino indices and the other using only Nino indices without DMI, and compared the forecast accuracies of the two cases. The spatial distributions of forecast accuracies show different confidence areas. By turning off the DMI, the forecast accuracy is lower in the coastal areas off the Philippines in the SCS, suggesting some teleconnection may occur with the Indian ocean in this area. The highest forecast accuracies occur when the forecast interval is five months long without using the DMI, while using both of Nino indices and DMI, the highest accuracies occur when the forecast interval time is eight months, suggesting that the Nino indices dominate the interannual variability of SST anomalies in the SCS. Meanwhile the forecast accuracy is evaluated over

关键词： forecast sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) canonical correlation analysis (CCA) Nifioindices dipole mode index (DMI)

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Large eddy simulation of the rotation effect on the ocean turbulence kinetic energy budget in the surface mixed layer

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Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2014年第5期32卷 1198-1206页

作者：李爽宋金宝何海伦 Ocean College Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Studies Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration(SOA)

A non-hydrostatic, Boussinesq, and three-dimensional large eddy simulation(LES) model was used to study the impact of the Earth's rotation on turbulence and the redistribution of energy in turbulence kinetic energy(TKE) budget. A set of numerical simulations was conducted,(1) with and without rotation,(2) at different latitudes(10°N, 30°N, 45°N, 60°N, and 80°N),(3) with wave breaking and with Langmuir circulation, and(4) under different wind speeds(5, 10, 20, and 30 m/s). The results show that eddy viscosity decreases when rotation is included, indicating that rotation weakens the turbulence strength. The TKE budget become tight with rotation and the effects of rotation grow with latitude. However, rotation become less important under Langmuir circulation since the transport term is strong in the vertical direction. Finally, simulations were conducted based on field data from the Boundary Layer and Air-Sea Transfer Low Wind(CBLAST-Low) experiment. The results, although more complex, are consistent with the results obtained from earlier simulations using ideal numerical conditions.

关键词： large eddy simulation (LES) Earth rotation turbulence kinetic energy (TKE)

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Submesoscale activity over the shelf of the northern South China Sea in summer:simulation with an embedded model

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Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2010年第5期28卷 1073-1079页

作者：刘国强何宜军申辉丘仲锋 Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

We applied a primitive equation ocean model to simulate submesoscale activities and processes over the shelf of the northern South China Sea(NSCS) with a one-way nesting technology for *** temperature and density fields showed that submesoscale activities were ubiquitous in the NSCS *** vertical velocity was considerably enhanced in submesoscale processes and could reach an average of 58 m per day in the *** this point,the mixed layer depth also was deepened along the front,and the surface kinetic energy also increased with the intense vertical movement induced by submesoscale ***,submesoscale stirring/mixing is important for tracers,such as temperature,salinity,nutrients,dissolved organic,and inorganic *** result may have implication for climate and biogeochemical investigations.

关键词： submesoscale activity vertical pumping northern South China Sea (NSCS)

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An approach to prediction of the South China Sea summer monsoon onset

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Chinese Journal of oceanology and Limnology 2008年第4期26卷 421-424页

作者：胡敦欣于乐江 Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science Polar Research Institute of China

In the present paper, correlation between the South China Sea summer monsoon （SCSSM） onset and heat content in the upper layer of the warm pool in the western Pacific ocean is examined using the Scripps Institution of oceanography dataset for the period of 1955-1998 and an approach to prediction the SCSSM onset is proposed. Correlation showes that there exists interdecadal variability of the SCSSM onset demarcated by 1970 with the largest correlation coefficient in the area west of the center of the warm pool rather than near its centers, implying certain effect from other factors involved besides ENSO. As the correlation is poor for the period before 1970, the heat content anomaly of the warm pool after 1970 is used to indicate early or late onset of the SCSSM beforehand. An ideal representative area （1°×1°） for the warm pool heat content was determined with its center at 3°N/138°E. The nearest TAO （TAO-Tropical Atmosphere ocean-array） mooring to the center is at 2°N/137°E, and chosen to calculate the heat content for prediction. It is suggested that the TAO mooring at 2°N/137°E could be used to predict the SCSSM onset with the heat content in the upper layer, if the correlation between the SCSSM onset and the heat content of the warm pool runs like that of after 1970. On the other hand, if the situation does like the one before 1970, the representative station is determined at 13°S/74°E with relatively poor correlation, meaning that the warm pool in the western Pacific ocean plays more important role in the SCSSM onset than the Indian ocean.

关键词： South China Sea Summer Monsoon warm pool heat content

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