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Phase Encoding for FBG Code-division Multiplexing Sensing system in the Ultrasonic Frequency Range

Journal of Lightwave technology 2025年第11期43卷 5156-5165页

作者： Zhang, Xuezhi Wang, Ruofan Bo, Wenxin Jin, Jiahang Zhang, Shengliang Liu, Kun Jiang, Junfeng Liu, Tiegen Tianjin University School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center Institute of Optical Fiber Sensing China Key Laboratory of Opto-electronics Information Technology Tianjin300072 China

This paper presents a phase encoding method for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) code division multiplexing (CDM) sensing systems, based on coherent detection technology and Hadamard sequences. A four-channel CDM sensing system has been constructed based on this method, enabling synchronous monitoring of four ultrasonic vibration signals within the frequency range of 50 kHz to 500 kHz. The experimental results demonstrate that the time-domain signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the demodulated signal typically exceeds 30 dB. The crosstalk suppression that meets the engineering standard (15dB) reaches over 98%, indicating that the sensing system has good monitoring stability. Furthermore, within the 500 kHz test frequency range, the CDM sensing system can simultaneously detect up to 32 channels and has the potential for integration with other multiplexing techniques, such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), to further increase the multiplexing number of FBGs in sensing system. Finally, the multiplexing experiment of special waveform signals was conducted to verify the system's applicability in practical scenarios. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Signal encoding

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Three-dimensional liquid metal circuits enabled by deformation-programmable substrate

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年第5期68卷 34-43页

作者： Chengjie JIANG Lanxi ZHANG Xiaoqing LI Jiaping LIU Zhi WANG Rui GUO School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering Tianjin University State Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences

With the development of electronic devices towards miniaturization and high performance, traditional planar circuits have gradually failed to meet the growing space and functionality requirements. In this work, based on the deformationprogrammable film, an innovative liquid metal three-dimensional(3D) circuit fabrication method is proposed, which can transform the planar circuits into 3D circuits. The shrinkage of the deformation-programmable film was precisely controlled by converting it to a partially shrinkable film by introducing a non-shrinkable zone, and the interconnection of circuits on threedimensional structures was realized by taking advantage of the low mobility and high compliance of semi-liquid *** with a variety of three-dimensional structures were fabricated using this technique. This work details the deformation of partially shrinkable films, the rheological properties of semi-liquid metal, and the key parameters in the manufacturing process. The 3D circuits fabricated in this work show excellent electrical properties and mechanical stability(the conductivity is 9 × 10～6S/m, and the resistance shows less than 2% loss after 5000 bending cycles). In addition, we demonstrate the potential application of this technique in curved conformal electronic devices. The research in this paper not only provides a new method for fabricating 3D circuits but also opens up new possibilities for the design and fabrication of future electronic devices.

关键词： 3D electronics surface electronics liquid metal flexible electronics deformation-programmable film

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Drift Error Compensation for a High-Precision 2-D Angle Sensor Based on EEMD and Multiple Lag Regression

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第9期25卷 16468-16479页

作者： Zhou, Xin-Fa Liu, Li-Ying Zhang, Cheng-Yao Ye, Wei Li, Rui-Jun Cheng, Zhen-Ying Hefei University of Technology Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering Hefei230009 China

Drift issues are commonly encountered in precision instruments operating in standard measurement environments due to temperature fluctuations, material property variations, and environmental disturbances, which represent a significant bottleneck to achieving high measurement accuracy. To address this limitation, a drift error compensation method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and multivariate lag regression has been proposed in this article. The structure, principles, and working environment of a high-precision 2-D angle sensor have been analyzed, and the primary influencing factors and mechanisms contributing to drift errors have been systematically investigated. Drift and error source signals have been decomposed and denoised using EEMD, and effective intrinsic mode function (IMF) components have been extracted. The lag characteristics of these components have been analyzed and incorporated into a multivariate regression model for drift error compensation. Partial regression analysis and significance testing have been employed to optimize the model, reducing complexity and enhancing generalization. Experimental results show that drift errors in the yaw and pitch directions have been reduced by more than 60.01% and 67.51%, respectively, after compensation. When compared with classical multivariate regression, LSTM, and support vector machine (SVM) methods, the proposed approach demonstrates certain advantages in error compensation performance, robustness, and complexity. In addition, the method is also suitable for broader applications to other high-precision measurement instruments. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Multiple linear regression

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Infrared image super-resolution reconstruction based on residual fast fourier transform

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第9期84卷 6805-6823页

作者： Li, Xianguo Liu, Rui Yang, Yanli School of Electronics and Information Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System Tianjin China

Infrared images have been widely used in military, civilian, and industrial fields. Due to the inherent limitations of sensors, infrared images usually have some disadvantages such as low resolution and blurred texture details. How to improve the resolution of infrared images without changing hardware devices has become a current research hotspot. Aiming at the problem that the existing infrared image super-resolution reconstruction methods do not utilize the image details sufficiently, this paper proposes an infrared image super-resolution reconstruction algorithm based on residual fast fourier transform(ISRRFT). The image features are extracted in both spatial domain and frequency domain, so as to fully extract the high-frequency and low-frequency information components of infrared images and improve the quality of reconstructed infrared images In addition, the learnable fast fourier transform loss function has been introduced, which is used in conjunction with the L1 loss function to calculate the loss from both the spatial and frequency domains, thus better optimizing the model parameters. The test results on three test sets, SR1280, IRData and Infrared20, show that the proposed algorithm has an optimal performance in terms of both objective and subjective evaluation metrics compared to current representative algorithms. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Polarization variable terahertz metasurface along the propagation path

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Fundamental Research 2025年第1期5卷 124-131页

作者： Jitao Li Jingyu Liu Zhen Yue Jie Li Chenglong Zheng Fan Yang Hui Li Yating Zhang Yan Zhang Jianquan Yao Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology(Tianjin University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Beijing Key Laboratory for Metamaterials and Devices Key Laboratory of Terahertz OptoelectronicsMinistry of Educationand Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging TechnologyDepartment of PhysicsCapital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China

Conventional metasurfaces for terahertz polarization are limited to performing lateral(in the x-y plane)polarization control of the output *** such cases,the polarization state remains unchanged in each output plane along the propagation ***,we propose a terahertz polarization metasurface that operates longitudinally(i.e.,along the z-axis direction of propagation),which modifies the polarization state of each output plane throughout the propagation *** designed metasurface can control the phase delays of the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized(LCP and RCP)components of the incident terahertz *** enables the LCP beam and RCP beam to converge to the z-axis through distinct paths,creating a Bessel *** proposed design achieved a linearly polarized terahertz wave including both LCP and RCP components with a precise phase differenceΔφat each point within a certain range along the ***Δφvaries as the propagation distance,resulting in a rotated linearly polarized output wave along the propagation path,while the rotation angle ranges from 0 toπ.Based on the variable property of longitudinal polarization,we propose an application concept of dielectric refractive index sensing,in which an additional medium is placed in the terahertz propagation path and the unknown refractive index is determined by detecting the rotation angle of the output polarization ***,the device might find potential applications in variable media excitation,terahertz communication,and terahertz radar ranging.

关键词： Terahertz Metasurface Propagation path Polarization manipulation Longitudinal polarization Refractive index sensing

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High-efficiency focusing metalens based on metagrating arrays

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Photonics Research 2025年第2期13卷 351-359页

作者： JIA SHI GUANLONG WANG LONGHUANG TANG XIANG WANG SHAONA WANG CUIJUAN GUO HUA BAI PINGJUAN NIU JIANQUAN YAO JIDONG WENG Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System School of Electronic and Information EngineeringTiangong University Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Ministry of Education) School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronic EngineeringTianjin University Institute of Fluid Physics China Academy of Engineering Physics

The flexible and precise control of wavefronts of electromagnetic waves has always been a hot issue, and the emergence of metasurfaces has provided a platform to solve this problem, but their design and optimization remain challenging. Here, we demonstrate two design and optimization methods for metagrating-based metalenses based on the highest manipulation efficiency and highest diffraction efficiency. The metalens operating at0.14 THz with numerical apertures of 0.434 is designed by these two methods for comparison. Then, the metalens is fabricated with photocuring 3D printing technology and an imaging system is built to characterize the distribution of focal spots. With the highest manipulation efficiency, the metalens shows a focal spot with the diameter of 0.93λ and depth of focus(DOF) of 22.7λ, and the manipulation and diffraction efficiencies reach 98.1%and 58.3%. With the highest diffraction efficiency, the metalens shows a focal spot with the diameter of 0.91λ and DOF of 24.6λ, and the manipulation and diffraction efficiencies reach 94.6% and 62.5%. The results show that the metalenses designed by both methods can perform a filamentous focal spot in the sub-wavelength scale with a long DOF; simultaneous high manipulation and diffraction efficiencies are obtained. A transmission imaging manner is used to verify the imaging capability of the metalenses, and the measurements are satisfactorily congruous with the anticipated results. The proposed methods can stably generate focal spots beyond the physical diffraction limit, which has a broad application in terahertz imaging, communications, etc. ? 2025 Chinese Laser Press

关键词： 3D printing Diffraction efficiency Diffraction limit Imaging systems Optical elements Optical tweezers

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A Novel Coprime Nested Array with Enhanced DOFs and Reduced Mutual Coupling for DOA Estimation of Noncircular Sources

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular technology 2025年 1-13页

作者： Peng, Zhe Gong, Qishu Xie, Huikai School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics Beijing100081 China BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems Chongqing401332 China Beijing Institute of Control and Electronics Technology Key Laboratory of Information System and Technology Beijing100038 China

Recently, many sparse array configurations have been designed for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of noncircular sources due to their capability of constructing high-performance difference-sum coarray. Nested array, coprime array, along with their improved structures are the most commonly used array configurations. Nested arrays could provide O(R2) degrees of freedom (DOFs) with only R sensors, but suffer from severe mutual coupling effect owing to closely arranged elements. Coprime arrays generally offer a lower number of DOFs than nested arrays, but are more robust to mutual coupling effect due to sparser array structure. Unfortunately, existing sparse arrays cannot possess the benefits of nested arrays and coprime arrays at the same time within the framework of difference-sum coarray. To compensate for the above shortcoming, we first analyze the nesting property for difference coarray, and generalize the nesting property to difference-sum coarray, allowing nearly half of the sensors to be removed from dense subarray. Then, a new nested configuration called thinned coprime nested array (TCNA) is proposed, whose dense subarray is a coprime structure that satisfies the aforementioned nesting property. TCNA can generate a comparable number of DOFs to nested arrays due to the nesting property between two subarrays. Meanwhile, the mutual coupling effect is greatly reduced since its dense subarray is replaced with a coprime structure, which limits the number of sensor pairs with small spacing. Therefore, TCNA is able to combine the advantages of both nested array and coprime array. Finally, simulations verify the superiority of TCNA with respect to DOF ratio, coupling leakage, and DOA estimation accuracy. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Direction of arrival

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Temperature Self-Reference Gas Pressure Sensor Based on Intracavity Sensing of Fiber Ring Laser

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Journal of Lightwave technology 2025年第9期43卷 4259-4265页

作者： Shi, Boya Huo, Xinjuan Wang, Shaona Niu, Pingjuan Tang, Longhuang Li, Hongmei Yao, Jianquan Shi, Jia Tiangong University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System School of Electronics and Information Engineering Tianjin300387 China China Academy of Engineering Physics Institute of Fluid Physics Mianyang621900 China Aero Engine Corporation of China Commercial Aircraft Engine Company Limited Shanghai200241 China Ministry of Education Tianjin University Key laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Technology Tianjin300072 China

The temperature cross-sensitivity is always challenging for the design and application of fiber-optic gas pressure sensors. Here, a temperature self-reference gas pressure sensor based on intracavity sensing of fiber ring laser has been demonstrated. The Fabry-Perot interferometer and fiber Bragg grating are cascaded as reflection sensing head and coupled into a fiber ring laser. The Fabry-Perot interferometer shows high sensitivities of gas pressure and temperature because of its specific fiber micro cavity structure. The fiber Bragg grating has narrow-band filtering characteristics at a certain wavelength, which ensures the desired accuracy for intracavity sensing, and has good temperature response characteristics. In the temperature self-reference sensing system, the output wavelength of the fiber ring laser is only modulated by the sensor temperature, while the output intensity is simultaneously modulated by the sensor temperature and gas pressure. The sensing model of the temperature self-reference gas pressure sensor has been presented. The experiment verifies that the scheme can measure gas pressure and temperature simultaneously. The stability and measurement errors have been analyzed. The proposed sensing system provides a potential solution for solving temperature cross-sensitivity in gas pressure measurement and can be extensible to similar fiber-optic sensors. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Fabry-Perot interferometers

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Vectorial Digitelligent Optics for High-Resolution Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging

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Engineering 2025年第2期45卷 70-78页

作者： Yinghui Guo Yunsong Lei Mingbo Pu Fei Zhang Qi Zhang Xiaoyin Li Runzhe Zhang Zhibin Zhao Rui Zhou Yulong Fan Xiangang Luo National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China Research Center on Vector Optical Fields Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Tianfu Xinglong Lake Laboratory Chengdu 610299China

Object imaging beyond the direct line of sight is significant for applications in robotic vision,remote sensing,autonomous driving,and many other *** of a non-line-of-sight(NLOS)screen is a complex inverse problem that comes with ultrafast time-resolved imager requirements and substantial computational demands to extract information from the multi-bounce scattered ***,the echo signal always suffers from serious deterioration in both intensity and shape,leading to limited resolution and image ***,we propose a concept of vectorial digitelligent optics for high-resolution NLOS imaging to cancel the wall’s scattering and refocus the light onto hidden targets for enhanced *** this approach,the polarization and wavefront of the laser spot are intelligently optimized via a feedback algorithm to form a near-perfect focusing pattern through a random scattering *** raster scanning the focusing spot across the object’s surface within the optical-memory-effect range of the wall,we obtain nearly diffraction-limited NLOS imaging with an enhanced signal-to-noise *** experimental results demonstrate a resolution of 0.40 mm at a distance of 0.35 m,reaching the diffraction limit of the ***,we demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible for various complex NLOS *** methods may open an avenue for active imaging,communication,and laser wireless power transfer.

关键词： Non-line-of-sight imaging Vectorial digitelligent optics Spatial light modulator Digital optics Wavefront shaping Metasurface

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Self-induced optical non-reciprocity

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Light(Science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 249-257页

作者： Zhu-Bo Wang Yan-Lei Zhang Xin-Xin Hu Guang-Jie Chen Ming Li Peng-Fei Yang Xu-Bo Zou Peng-Fei Zhang Chun-Hua Dong Gang Li Tian-Cai Zhang Guang-Can Guo Chang-Ling Zou CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information&CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices and Institute of Opto-ElectronicsShanxi UniversityTaiyuan030006China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan030006China

Non-reciprocal optical components are indispensable in optical applications,and their realization without any magnetic field has attracted increasing research interest in *** experimental progress has been achieved by either introducing spatial-temporal modulation of the optical medium or combining Kerr-type optical nonlinearity with spatial asymmetry in photonic ***,extra driving fields are required for the first approach,while the isolation of noise and the transmission of the signal cannot be simultaneously achieved for the other ***,we propose the mechanism of nonlinear non-reciprocal susceptibility for optical media and experimentally realize the self-induced isolation of optical signals without any external bias *** self-induced isolation by the input signal is demonstrated with an extremely high isolation ratio of 63.4 dB,a bandwidth of 2.1 GHz for 60 dB isolation,and a low insertion loss of~1 ***,the new mechanism allows novel functional optical devices,including polarization purification and non-reciprocal leverage.A complete passive isolator is realized by introducing an asymmetry *** is demonstrated that the 70μW signal could lever the non-reciprocity and realize a 30 dB isolation of the backward laser with a power 100 times *** demonstrated nonlinear non-reciprocal medium provides a versatile tool to control light and deepen our understanding of light-matter interactions and enables applications ranging from topological photonics to unidirectional quantum information transfer in a network.

关键词： polarization reciprocal backward

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