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Experimental demonstration of radius-varying active plasma lensing for laser-plasma-accelerated proton beams with increased collection angle

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Physical Review Accelerators and Beams 2024年第5期27卷 052802-052802页

作者： Yang Yan Tong Yang Zhen Guo Mingfeng Huang Hao Cheng Yuze Li Yanlv Fang Chentong Li Yadong Xia Qiangyou He Yiting Yan Chen Lin Xueqing Yan State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education CAPT Peking University Beijing 100871 China Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center Huairou Beijing 101407 China Institute of Guangdong Laser Plasma Technology Baiyun Guangzhou 510475 China

Active plasma lensing, a compact method for intensifying the focus of charged particle beams by providing a magnetic field gradient of kT/m, has emerged as a sought-after technology in laser plasma accelerator applications. However, the utilization of active plasma lenses faces significant hurdles when dealing with laser-driven proton pulses, characterized by their broad bandwidth and high divergence. To address this challenge, we developed a novel active plasma lens with a variable radius, specifically designed to optimize lens geometry in accordance with the beam envelope, and performed the first measurement of its focusing ability. The experimental findings reveal that, compared to conventional cylindrical active plasma lenses, our radius-varying lens exhibits a 2.0-fold improvement in single-energy transmission efficiency, while maintaining comparable achromatic ability. This breakthrough is anticipated to significantly contribute to the miniaturization of laser proton accelerators.

关键词： Beam optics particle beams

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Discovery of the Ultra-High-Energy gamma-ray source LHAASO J2002+3238 spatially associated with SNR G69.7+1.0 38

Discovery of the Ultra-High-Energy gamma-ray source LHAASO J...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Hou, B.W. Zhang, R. Xi, S.Q. Chen, S.Z. He, H.N. Xia, Z.Q. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu610000 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210023 China

The origin of Galactic PeV cosmic rays is still under debate. Shell-type supernova remnants (SNRs) are proposed to be one of the candidate sources of Galactic PeV cosmic rays, but observational evidence is lacking. Here we report LHAASO’s detection on a point source J2002+3238 with a significance of 5.8 sigma above 25 TeV and 6.8 sigma above 100 TeV. The spectrum is consistent with a power-law spectrum with no cutoff. Inside the error region of the source, a shell-type SNR G69.7+1.0 is found locating only 0.07◦away from the best-fit location of the source, suggesting a strong association between the UHE gamma-ray source and the SNR. This provides strong evidence on SNRs as possible PeV accelerators. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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High‑accuracy measurement of Compton scattering in germanium for dark matter searches

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2022年第12期33卷 75-87页

作者： Hai‑Tao Jia Shin‑Ted Lin Shu‑Kui Liu Hsin‑Chang Chi Muhammed Deniz Chang‑Hao Fang Peng Gu Xi Jiang Yi‑Ke Shu Qian‑Yun Li Yu Liu Ren‑Ming‑Jie Li Chen‑Kai Qiao Chang‑Jian Tang Henry Tsz‑King Wong Hao‑Yang Xing Li‑Tao Yang Qian Yue Yu‑Lu Yan Kang‑Kang Zhao Jing‑Jun Zhu College of Physics Sichuan University610065 ChengduChina Department of Physics National Dong Hwa University97401 ShoufengHualienChina Department of Physics Dokuz Eylül University35160 BucaİzmirTurkey Institute of Physics Academia Sinica11529 TaipeiChina Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging(Ministry of Education)and Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University100084 BeijingChina Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Sichuan University610065 ChengduChina

Compton scattering with bound electrons contributes to a significant atomic effect in low-momentum transfer,yielding background structures in direct light dark matter searches as well as low-energy rare event *** report the measurement of Compton scattering in low-momentum transfer by implementing a 10-g germanium detector bombarded by a^(137)Cs source with a radioactivity of 8.7 mCi and a scatter photon captured by a cylindrical NaI(Tl)detector.A fully relativistic impulse approximation combined with multi-configuration Dirac–Fock wavefunctions was evaluated,and the scattering function of Geant4 software was replaced by our calculation *** measurements show that the Livermore model with the modified scattering function in Geant4 is in good agreement with the experimental *** is also revealed that atomic many-body effects significantly influence Compton scattering for low-momentum transfer(sub-keV energy transfer).

关键词： Compton scattering experiment Germanium detector Atomic many-body effects Geant4 Dark matter

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Surface metallization of PTFE and PTFE composites by ion implantation for low-background electronic substrates in rare-event detection experiments

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2022年第7期33卷 37-47页

作者： Shao-Jun Zhang Yuan-Yuan Liu Sha-Sha Lv Jian-Ping Cheng Bin Liao Pan Pang Zhi Deng Li He College of Nuclear Science and Technology Beijing Normal UniversityJoint Laboratory of Jinping Ultra-low Radiation Background Measurement of Ministry of Ecology and Environment Beijing Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Beijing Radiation Center Beijing100875China Department of Engineering Physics Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Joint Research Center Nuctech Company LimitedBeijing100084China

Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)is a low-background polymer that is applied to several applications in rare-event detection and underground low-background ***-based electronic substrates are important for reducing the detection limit of high-purity germanium detectors and scintillator calorimeters,which are widely applied in dark matter and 0υββdetection *** traditional adhesive bonding method between PTFE and copper is not conducive to working in liquid nitrogen and extremely low-temperature *** avoid adhesive bonding,PTFE must be processed for surface metallization owing to the mismatch between the PTFE and copper conductive ***-background PTFE matrix composites(m-PTFE)were selected to improve the electrical and mechanical properties of PTFE by introducing SiO_(2)/TiO_(2) *** microstructures,surface elements,and electrical properties of PTFE and m-PTFE were characterized and analyzed following ion *** and m-PTFE surfaces were found to be broken,degraded,and cross-linked by ion implantation,resulting in C=C conjugated double bonds,increased surface energy,and increased surface ***,the surface roughness,bond strength,and conjugated double bonds of m-PTFE were significantly more intense than those of ***,the interface bonding theory between PTFE and the metal copper foil was analyzed using the direct metallization ***,the peel strength of the optimized electronic substrates was higher than that of the industrial standard at extremely low temperatures,while maintaining excellent electrical properties.

关键词： Surface modification Polytetrafluoroethylene Ion implantation Surface metallization Low temperature resistance

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Advances in nuclear detection and readout techniques

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第12期34卷 281-358页

作者： Rui He Xiao‑Yang Niu Yi Wang Hong‑Wei Liang Hong‑Bang Liu Ye Tian Hong‑Lin Zhang Chao‑Jie Zou Zhi‑Yi Liu Yun‑Long Zhang Hai‑Bo Yang Ju Huang Hong‑Kai Wang Wei‑Jia Han Bei Cao Gang Chen Cong Dai Li‑Min Duan Rui‑Rui Fan Fang‑Fa Fu Jian‑Hua Guo Dong Han Wei Jiang Xian‑Qin Li Xin Li Zhuo‑Dai Li Yu‑Tie Liang Shun Liao De‑Xu Lin Cheng‑Ming Liu Guo‑Rui Liu Jun‑Tao Liu Ze Long Meng‑Chen Niu Hao Qiu Hu Ran Xiang‑Ming Sun Bo‑Tan Wang Jia Wang Jin‑Xiang Wang Qi‑Lin Wang Yong‑Sheng Wang Xiao‑Chuan Xia Hao‑Qing Xie He‑Run Yang Hong Yin Hong Yuan Chun‑Hui Zhang Rui‑Guang Zhao Ran Zheng Cheng‑Xin Zhao Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Huizhou 516000China Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging Department of Engineering PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Integrated Circuits Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116020China Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Electronic Engineering School Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin 150080China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China Micro‑electronic Department Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210034China Liaoning Academy of Materials Shenyang 110167China Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly School of Mathematics and Physics Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 620035China PLAC Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics(MOE)Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China State Key Lab of Superhard Materials College of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China

“A Craftsman Must Sharpen His Tools to Do His Job,”said *** detection and readout techniques are the foundation of particle physics,nuclear physics,and particle astrophysics to reveal the nature of the ***,they are being increasingly used in other disciplines like nuclear power generation,life sciences,environmental sciences,medical sciences,*** article reviews the short history,recent development,and trend of nuclear detection and readout techniques,covering Semiconductor Detector,Gaseous Detector,Scintillation Detector,Cherenkov Detector,Transition Radiation Detector,and Readout *** explaining the principle and using examples,we hope to help the interested reader underst and this research field and bring exciting information to the community.

关键词： Silicon detector Wide bandgap detector Time projection chamber(TPC) Multigap resistive plate chamber detector(MRPC) Scintillation detector Calorimeters Cherenkov detector Transition radiation detector Artificial intelligence Trigger-less readout

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High transmission efficiency collection system for laser-accelerated proton beams based on permanent magnet quadrupoles prefocusing

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Physical Review Accelerators and Beams 2024年第5期27卷 052801-052801页

作者： Yang Yan Hao Cheng Yuze Li Yanlv Fang Yadong Xia Qiangyou He Chentong Li Fangnan Li Zhen Guo Yiting Yan Mingfeng Huang Minjian Wu Kedong Wang Kun Zhu Xueqing Yan Chen Lin State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education CAPT Peking University Beijing 100871 China Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center Huairou Beijing 101400 China Institute of Guangdong Laser Plasma Technology Baiyun Guangzhou 510540 China

A new high transmission efficiency, easily tunable, and cost-effective beam collection system is proposed for laser-accelerated proton beams with large divergence angles and wide energy spectra. In previous experiments conducted at the compact laser plasma accelerator platform of Peking University, a beamline was initially constructed with a collection system based on an electromagnetic quadrupoles (EMQs) triplet. However, due to the limited acceptance angle, the EMQs exhibited a monoenergetic transmission efficiency of only 10% to 20% for laser accelerated proton beams. Permanent magnet quadrupoles (PMQs), known for their high magnetic field gradients, compact size, and lower expenses, are well suited for integration with other readily adjustable transmission elements like EMQs and solenoids, effectively enhancing the beam collection capabilities of the system. In this paper, we show that by introducing a pair of centimeter-sized PMQs in front of the EMQs for beam prefocusing, the beam’s transverse size is quickly compressed, enabling transmission of highly divergent protons. Experimental results demonstrate that the prefocusing by PMQs increased the system’s transmission efficiency by a factor of 2.44 to 6.01 compared to the original setup, while also enhancing the energy selection based on stronger chromatic effect. This method can be extended to 100 MeV high-energy proton beamlines and is crucial for applications of laser plasma accelerators.

关键词： Beam control Beam loss Beam optics

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Development of high-level applications for High Energy Photon Source booster

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Peng, Yuemei Ji, Daheng Ji, Hongfei Li, Nan Lu, Xiaohan Tian, Saike Wei, Yuanyuan Xu, Haisheng Zhao, Yaliang Jiao, Yi Li, Jingyi Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 19BYuquan Road Shijingshan District Beijing100049 China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Shijingshan District Beijing100049 China

The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), is the first fourth-generation storage ring light source being built in the suburb of Beijing, China. The storage ring was designed with the emittance lower than 60 *** with a circumference of 1.36 km and beam energy of 6 GeV. Its injector contains a 500 MeV S-band Linac and a 454 m booster which was designed as an accumulator at the extraction energy. In the energy ramping control design of HEPS booster, the ramping process was programed to be able to stop and stay at any energy between the injection energy and the extraction energy. This feature enables us to conduct energy-dependent machine studies and ramping curve optimization. The beam commissioning of HEPS Linac finished in June, 2023. And the beam commissioning of booster started in the end of July, 2023. In November 17, main target values proposed in the preliminary design report has been reached. The high-level applications (HLAs) are essential tools for beam commissioning. The development of HLAs, which are based on the framework named Python accelerator physics application set (Pyapas), started in the end of 2021. The HEPS physics team spent more than one year to develop and test the HLAs to meet the requirements of beam commissioning of the booster. Thanks to the modular design, the principle based on physical quantities, and the ability of running simulation models online from the Pyapas, the development efficiency and reliability of the HLAs have been greatly improved. In particular, the principle based on physical quantities allows us to control the beam more intuitively. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Extraction

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The sixth order cumulant of net-proton number in Binomial distribution at ■

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Chinese physics C 2021年第10期45卷 84-91页

作者： Li-Zhu Chen Ye-Yin Zhao Jin Wu Zhi-Ming Li Yuan-Fang Wu School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics(MOE)and Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China

It is proposed that ratios of the sixth order to the second order cumulant(C_(6)/C_(2))of conserved quantities are sensitive to the chiral crossover ***,the negative C_(6)/C_(2) was obtained in both theoretical Lattice QCD and experiments at■.In this study,we investigate the behavior of net-proton C_(6)/C_(2) in statistical Binomial distribution(BD)at■in Au+Au *** the BD parameters extracted from RHIC/STAR,it is found that C_(6)/C_(2) can be ***,the obtained C_(6)/C_(2) becomes smaller when applying the same magnitude of experimental statistics and calculation method to *** 0-10%centrality,there is a significant difference between the simulated result and theoretical *** on the extracted parameters and experimentally collected statistics,the baseline of net-proton C_(6)/C_(2) in BD is presented.

关键词： the sixth order cumulant net-proton number Binomial distribution statistics

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Single event transient characterization of SiGe HBT by SPA experiment and 3-D process simulation

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第5期65卷 1193-1205页

作者： PAN XiaoYu GUO HongXia FENG YaHui LIU YiNong ZHANG JinXin LI Zhuang LUO YinHong ZHANG FengQi WANG Tan ZHAO Wen DING LiLi XU JingYan The Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging Ministry of EducationDepartment of Engineering PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Northwest Institute of Nuclear TechnologyXi’an710024China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan411105China School of Aerospace Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an710126China The 38th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation Hefei230088China

The single-photon absorption induced single event transient in the silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor is *** laser wavelength and bias condition have been proven to have significant impacts on the characterization of the single event transient(SET) response of the device by two-dimensional(2-D) raster *** optical analytical calculation,the laser-induced charge distribution is well-embedded in the 3-D TCAD process simulation conducted to explore the underlying physical *** addition to the ion shunt effect,the excess electron injection from the emitter to the base could play a vital role in the SET peak amplitude and charge *** impact of the metal layer on the SPA experimental results is also determined by establishing a figure of merit that will help researchers estimate the laser-induced transient sensitivity of devices with metal layer blocking.

关键词： silicon-germanium HBT single-photon absorption TCAD simulation single event transient

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Measurement of Br(n,γ)cross sections up to stellar s-process temperatures at the CSNS Back‑n

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第11期34卷 226-241页

作者： Gao‑Le Yang Zhen‑Dong An Wei Jiang Xian‑Kai Li Wei‑Wei Qiu Zheng‑Fa Liao Zi‑Yue Zhuang Xiao‑Ping Zhang Sheng‑Li Chen Chen‑Chen Guo Er‑Xi Xiao Xiao Fang Xin‑Xiang Li Xin‑Rong Hu Bing Jiang Jin‑Cheng Wang Jie Ren Wen Luo Zhi‑Chao Zhu Hao‑Yang Lan Zong‑Wei Cao Xu Ma Ying‑Du Liu Pu‑Sen Wang Yi Yang Ping Su Xian‑Gai Deng Wan‑Bing He Chun‑Wang Ma Yu‑Ting Wang Zhi‑Tao Dai Peng‑Qin He Ren‑Guang Tang Tao Zhou Jing Wang Han Yi Yue Zhang Yong‑Hao Chen Rui‑Rui Fan Ke‑Qing Gao Qiang Li Kang Sun Zhi‑Xin Tan Min‑Hao Gu Han‑Tao Jing Jing‑Yu Tang School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China CNSA Macao Center for Space Exploration and Science Macao 999078China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China Sino‑French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411100China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion‑beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsDepartment of Nuclear Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China School of Physics Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China Shenzhen Center Cancer hospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhen 518100China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

The neutron capture cross sections(n,γ)of bromine were obtained using the time-of-flight technique at the Back-n facility of the China Spallation Neutron ***γ-rays originating from neutron-induced capture events were detected using four C_(6)D_(6) *** pulse-height weighting technique and double-bunch unfolding method based on Bayesian theory were used in the data *** deductions,normalization,and corrections were carefully considered to obtain reliable measurement *** multilevel R-matrix Bayesian code SAMMY was used to extract the resonance parameters in the resolved resonance region(RRR).The average cross sections in the unresolved resonance region(URR)were obtained from 10 to 400 *** experimental results were compared with data from several evaluated libraries and previous experi-ments in the RRR and *** TALYS code was used to describe the average cross sections in the *** astrophysical Maxwell average cross sections(MACSs)of ^(79,81)Br from kT=5 to 100 keV were calculated over a sufficiently wide range of neutron *** a thermal energy of kT=30 keV,the MACS value for ^(79)Br 682±68 mb was in good agreement with the KADoNiS v1.0 recommended *** contrast,the value of 293±29 mb for ^(81)Br was substantially higher than that of the evaluated database and the KADoNiS v1.0 recommended value.

关键词： Time-of-flight technique Neutron capture cross sections Maxwell average cross sections

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