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37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Lingling, Ma Yudong, Wang Liping, Wang Liqiao, Yin Zhiyong, You Shoushan, Zhang Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, H. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, B.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.J. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hu, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, F. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y.C. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V. Sáiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.Y. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Tam, P.H.T. The Institute of High Energy Physics The Chinese Academy of Sciences YuQuan Road.19B shijingshan district Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department YuQuan Road.19A shijingshan district Beijing China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Shandong University Shandong Qingdao China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics Experimental Physics Division Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Napoli `‘Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia Napoli80126 Italy School of Phys

Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) consists of three interconnected detectors with the aim to measure several air shower characteristics simultaneously. One of the main scientific goals is to measure the individual cosmic ray spectrum at knee regime. In this paper we introduce the progress of measuring the energy spectrum of proton and helium composition of cosmic rays. According to the number of Cherenkov photons recorded by WFCTA, the energies can be reconstructed and the resolution can achieve 15% for showers produced by protons and helium with energies above 300 TeV. Due to the hybrid observation to the air showers, several parameters can be used to identify the mass compositions of the air shower. The ability of LHAASO to identify the mass composition are studied in detail in the paper. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Helium

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Simulation Study on Scaler Mode in LHAASO-KM2A 37

Simulation Study on Scaler Mode in LHAASO-KM2A

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37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Huang, Zhicheng Huang, Daihui Zhou, Xunxiu Zhao, Jing He, Huihai Chen, Songzhan Ma, Xinhua Liu, Dong Axi, Kegu Zhao, Bing Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, H. Cai, J.T. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, B.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.J. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, C. Hu, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Huang, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, F. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jiang, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, C. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Levochkin, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Long, W.J. Lu, R. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Masood, A. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Montaruli, T. Nan, Y.C. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Rulev, V. Saiz, A. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shi, J.Y. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu610031 China Institute of High Energy Physics CAS Beijing100049 China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao266237 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics Experimental Physics Division Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China College of Physics Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu610065 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Hubei Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Dipartimento di Fisica Universit‘a di Napoli "Federico II" Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo via Cinthia Napoli80126 Italy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan U

LHAASO, located at Daocheng in Sichuan province of China with an altitude up to 4410 m above the sea level, takes the function of hybrid technology to detect cosmic rays. As the major array of LHAASO, KM2A is composed of 5195 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs) and 1188 muon detectors (MDs). In the ground-based experiments, there are two common independent data acquisition systems, corresponding to the scaler and shower operation modes. In order to learn more about the scaler mode in LHAASO-KM2A, we adopt the CORSIKA to study the shower development and employ the G4KM2A (based on Geant4) to simulate the detector responses. For one cluster (composed of 64 EDs) in the array of KM2A-ED, the event rates of showers having a number of fired EDs ≥ 1, 2, 3 and 4 (in a time coincidence of 100 ns) are recorded. The average rates of the four multiplicities are ∼ 88 kHz, ∼ 1.4 kHz, ∼ 210 Hz and ∼ 110 Hz, respectively. For the array of KM2A-MD, there are 16 MDs in one cluster. The average rates with multiplicities ≥ 1 and 2 are ∼ 84 kHz and ∼ 890 Hz, respectively. The corresponding primary energies are also given. According to our simulations, the energy threshold of the scaler mode can be lowered to ∼ 100 GeV. At the same time, the energy threshold of LHAASO-KM2A in shower mode is presented for comparison. The simulation results in this work are beneficial for the online trigger with scaler mode, and also be useful in understanding the experiment results in LHAASO-KM2A. © Copyright owned by the author(s).

关键词： Cosmic rays

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LHAASO-KM2A detector simulation using Geant4

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, J.T. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, X.B. He, Y. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Lu, R. Luo, Q. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, Z.W. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Semikoz, D. Shao, C.Y. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, F.W. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Tam, P.H.T. Tang, Q.W. Tang, Z.B. Tian, W.W. Wang, C. Wang, C.B. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Experimental Physics Division Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics 69029 Heidelberg103980 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays Tibet University Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Guangzhou510275 China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Shandong Qingdao266237 China APC Université Paris Cité CNRS IN2P3 CEA/IRFU Observatoire de Paris Paris119 75205 France Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua Univers

KM2A is one of the main sub-arrays of LHAASO, working on gamma ray astronomy and cosmic ray physics at energies above 10 TeV. Detector simulation is the important foundation for estimating detector performance and data analysis. It is a big challenge to simulate the KM2A detector in the framework of Geant4 due to the need to track numerous photons from a large number of detector units (>6000) with large altitude difference (30 m) and huge coverage (1.3 km2). In this paper, the design of the KM2A simulation code G4KM2A based on Geant4 is introduced. The process of G4KM2A is optimized mainly in memory consumption to avoid memory overflow. Some simplifications are used to significantly speed up the execution of G4KM2A. The running time is reduced by at least 30 times compared to full detector simulation. The particle distributions and the core/angle resolution comparison between simulation and experimental data of the full KM2A array are also presented, which show good agreement. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Hard jet substructure in a multistage approach

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Physical Review C 2024年第4期110卷 044907页

作者： Y. Tachibana A. Kumar A. Majumder A. Angerami R. Arora S. A. Bass S. Cao Y. Chen T. Dai L. Du R. Ehlers H. Elfner W. Fan R. J. Fries C. Gale Y. He M. Heffernan U. Heinz B. V. Jacak P. M. Jacobs S. Jeon Y. Ji K. Kauder L. Kasper W. Ke M. Kelsey M. Kordell, II J. Latessa Y.-J. Lee D. Liyanage A. Lopez M. Luzum S. Mak A. Mankolli C. Martin H. Mehryar T. Mengel J. Mulligan C. Nattrass D. Oliinychenko J.-F. Paquet J. H. Putschke G. Roland B. Schenke L. Schwiebert A. Sengupta C. Shen A. Silva C. Sirimanna D. Soeder R. A. Soltz I. Soudi J. Staudenmaier M. Strickland J. Velkovska G. Vujanovic X.-N. Wang R. L. Wolpert W. Zhao Yuwa Akita-city 010-1292 Japan Department of Physics McGill University Montréal Québec H3A 2T8 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48201 USA Department of Physics University of Regina Regina Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA Research Computing Group University Technology Solutions The University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio Texas 78249 USA Department of Physics Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37830 USA Department of Physics University of California Berkeley California 94270 USA Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94270 USA GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung 64291 Darmstadt Germany Institute for Theoretical Physics Goethe University 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Department of Physics The Ohio Stat

We present predictions and postdictions for a wide variety of hard jet-substructure observables using a multistage model within the jetscape framework. The details of the multistage model and the various parameter choices are described in [Phys. Rev. C 107, 034911 (2023)]. A novel feature of this model is the presence of two stages of jet modification: a high-virtuality phase [modeled using the modular all twist transverse-scattering elastic-drag and radiation model (matter)], where modified coherence effects diminish medium-induced radiation, and a lower virtuality phase [modeled using the linear Boltzmann transport model (lbt)], where parton splits are fully resolved by the medium as they endure multiple scattering induced energy loss. Energy-loss calculations are carried out on event-by-event viscous fluid dynamic backgrounds constrained by experimental data. The uniform and consistent descriptions of multiple experimental observables demonstrate the essential role of modified coherence effects and the multistage modeling of jet evolution. Using the best choice of parameters from [Phys. Rev. C 107, 034911] (2023)], and with no further tuning, we present calculations for the medium modified jet fragmentation function, the groomed jet momentum fraction zg and angular separation rg distributions, as well as the nuclear modification factor of groomed jets. These calculations provide accurate descriptions of published data from experiments at the Large Hadron Collider. Furthermore, we provide predictions from the multistage model for future measurements at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

关键词： Hard scattering Jet quenching Jets & heavy flavor physics Quark & gluon jets Quark-gluon plasma Relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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A dynamic range extension system for LHAASOWCDA-1

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2021年第4期5卷 520-530页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.D’Ettorre Piazzoli X.J.Dong J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang Y.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao H.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.Xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026AnhuiChina Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000GuangdongChina School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004GuangxiChina Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024HebeiChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031SichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina School of Physics

Purpose The main scientific goal of LHAASO-WCDA is to survey gamma-ray sources with energy from 100 GeV to 30 *** observe high-energy shower events,especially to measure the energy spectrum of cosmic rays from 100 TeV to 10 PeV,a dynamic range extension system(WCDA++)is designed to use a 1.5-inch PMT with a dynamic range of four orders of magnitude for each cell in *** The dynamic range is extended by using these PMTs to measure the effective charge density in the core region of air shower events,which is an important parameter for identifying the composition of primary *** and Conclusion The system has been running for more than one *** this paper,the details of the design and performance of WCDA++are presented.

关键词： LHAASO-WCDA WCDA++ Water Cherenkov detector Performance

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Search for the Elusive Jet-Induced Diffusion Wake in Z/γ-Jets with 2D Jet Tomography in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions

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Physical Review Letters 2021年第8期127卷 082301-082301页

作者： Wei Chen Zhong Yang Yayun He Weiyao Ke Long-Gang Pang Xin-Nian Wang School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) & Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter & Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Physics Department University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Nuclear Science Division MS 70R0319 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA

Diffusion wake is an unambiguous part of the jet-induced medium response in high-energy heavy-ion collisions that leads to a depletion of soft hadrons in the opposite direction of the jet propagation. New experimental data on Z-hadron correlation in Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider show, however, an enhancement of soft hadrons in the direction of both the Z and the jet. Using a coupled linear Boltzmann transport and hydro model, we demonstrate that medium modification of partons from the initial multiple parton interaction (MPI) gives rise to a soft hadron enhancement that is uniform in azimuthal angle while jet-induced medium response and soft gluon radiation dominate the enhancement in the jet direction. After subtraction of the contributions from MPI with a mixed-event procedure, the diffusion wake becomes visible in the near-side Z-hadron correlation. We further employ the longitudinal and transverse gradient jet tomography for the first time to localize the initial jet production positions in Z/γ-jet events in which the effect of the diffusion wake is apparent in Z/γ-hadron correlation even without the subtraction of the MPI contribution.

关键词： Collective flow Hard scattering Hydrodynamic models Jets & heavy flavor physics Photon, lepton & quark production QCD in nuclear reactions Quark & gluon jets Quark-gluon plasma Relativistic heavy-ion collisions W & Z bosons

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Measuring the characterization of AFBR-S4N44P164M SiPM array at low temperatures for CE ν NS detection

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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2025年 1080卷

作者： Y.H. Niu C. Guo X.H. Liang X.J. Wen X.L. Xie X.L. Sun Y.D. Chen X.T. Xu Institute of Theoretical Physics Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi China Experimental Physics Division Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Beijing China Astro-particle Physics Division Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi China School of Electronic Electrical Engineering and Physics Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China

Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs), as an alternative to traditional photomultiplier tubes, are extensively utilized in particle physics experiments, particularly in detectors operating at low temperatures. To aid in assessing the feasibility of employing AFBR-S4N44P164M SiPM arrays in cryogenic detectors, a comprehensive measurement of the SiPM array characterizations across a temperature range from 238 K to 77 K was conducted. This paper will present a detailed description of the equipment utilized for this measurement, as well as the measurement and analysis of key parameters under different overvoltages at 77 K, including the breakdown voltage, the dark count rate, the correlated signal probability, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the amplification factor resulting from internal crosstalks.

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Correspondence between Color Glass Condensate and High-Twist Formalism

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Fu, Yu Kang, Zhong-Bo Salazar, Farid Wang, Xin-Nian Xing, Hongxi Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal University Wuhan430079 China Department of Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Physics Department University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Huizhou516000 China

The Color Glass Condensate (CGC) effective theory and the collinear factorization at high-twist (HT) are two well-known frameworks describing perturbative QCD multiple scatterings in nuclear media. It has long been recognized that these two formalisms have their own domain of validity in different kinematics regions. Taking direct photon production in proton-nucleus collisions as an example, we clarify for the first time the relation between CGC and HT at the level of a physical observable. We show that the CGC formalism beyond shock-wave approximation, and with the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal interference effect is consistent with the HT formalism in the transition region where they overlap. Such a unified picture paves the way for mapping out the phase diagram of parton density in nuclear medium from dilute to dense region. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Shock waves

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Search for high-mass Wγ and Zγ resonances using hadronic W/Z boson decays from 139 fb⁻¹ of pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Journal of High Energy physics 2023年第7期2023卷 125页

作者： Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abbott, D.C. Abed Abud, A. Abeling, K. Abhayasinghe, D.K. Abidi, S.H. Aboulhorma, A. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Abulaiti, Y. Abusleme Hoffman, A.C. Acharya, B.S. Achkar, B. Adam, L. Adam Bourdarios, C. Adamczyk, L. Adamek, L. Addepalli, S.V. Adelman, J. Adiguzel, A. Adorni, S. Adye, T. Affolder, A.A. Afik, Y. Agapopoulou, C. Agaras, M.N. Agarwala, J. Aggarwal, A. Agheorghiesei, C. Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A. Ahmad, A. Ahmadov, F. Ahmed, W.S. Ai, X. Aielli, G. Aizenberg, I. Akatsuka, S. Akbiyik, M. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akimov, A.V. Al Khoury, K. Alberghi, G.L. Albert, J. Albicocco, P. Alconada Verzini, M.J. Alderweireldt, S. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexopoulos, T. Alfonsi, A. Alfonsi, F. Alhroob, M. Ali, B. Ali, S. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Allaire, C. Allbrooke, B.M.M. Allport, P.P. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alpigiani, C. Alunno Camelia, E. Alvarez Estevez, M. Alviggi, M.G. Amaral Coutinho, Y. Ambler, A. Ambroz, L. Amelung, C. Amidei, D. Amor Dos Santos, S.P. Amoroso, S. Amos, K.R. Amrouche, C.S. Ananiev, V. Anastopoulos, C. Andari, N. Andeen, T. Anders, J.K. Andrean, S.Y. Andreazza, A. Angelidakis, S. Angerami, A. Anisenkov, A.V. Annovi, A. Antel, C. Anthony, M.T. Antipov, E. Antonelli, M. Antrim, D.J.A. Anulli, F. Aoki, M. Aparisi Pozo, J.A. Aparo, M.A. Aperio Bella, L. Aranzabal, N. Araujo Ferraz, V. Arcangeletti, C. Arce, A.T.H. Arena, E. Arguin, J.-F. Argyropoulos, S. Arling, J.-H. Armbruster, A.J. Armstrong, A. Arnaez, O. Arnold, H. Arrubarrena Tame, Z.P. Artoni, G. Asada, H. Asai, K. Asai, S. Asbah, N.A. Asimakopoulou, E.M. Asquith, L. Assahsah, J. Assamagan, K. Astalos, R. Atkin, R.J. Atkinson, M. Atlay, N.B. Atmani, H. Atmasiddha, P.A. Augsten, K. Auricchio, S. Austrup, V.A. Avner, G. Avolio, G. Ayoub, M.K. Azuelos, G. Babal, D. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Bachiu, A. Backman, F. Badea, A. Bagnaia, P. Bahrasemani, H. Bailey, A.J. Bailey, V.R. Baines, J.T. Bakalis, C. Baker, O.K. Bakker, P.J. Bakos, E. Bakshi Gupta, D. Balaji, S. Balasubramanian, R. Baldin, E.M. Balek, P. Ballabene, E. Balli, F Department of Physics University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia Department of Physics University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Department of Physics Ankara University Ankara Turkey Division of Physics TOBB University of Economics and Technology Ankara Turkey LAPP Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France High Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL United States Department of Physics University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States Department of Physics University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX United States Physics Department National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Physics Department National Technical University of Athens Zografou Greece Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin Austin TX United States Bahcesehir University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Bilgi University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istanbul Turkey Department of Physics Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey Department of Physics Engineering Gaziantep University Gaziantep Turkey Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Physics Department Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing China University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS) Beijing China Institute of Physics University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA United States Institut für Physik Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics University of Bern Bern Switzerland School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciónes

A search for high-mass charged and neutral bosons decaying to Wγ and Zγ final states is presented in this paper. The analysis uses a data sample of s = 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb⁻¹ collected by the ATLAS detector during LHC Run 2 operation. The sensitivity of the search is determined using models of the production and decay of spin-1 charged bosons and spin-0/2 neutral bosons. The range of resonance masses explored extends from 1.0 TeV to 6.8 TeV. At these high resonance masses, it is beneficial to target the hadronic decays of the W and Z bosons because of their large branching fractions. The decay products of the high-momentum W/Z bosons are strongly collimated and boosted-boson tagging techniques are employed to improve the sensitivity. No evidence of a signal above the Standard Model backgrounds is observed, and upper limits on the production cross-sections of these bosons times their branching fractions to Wγ and Zγ are derived for various boson production models. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Hadron-Hadron Scattering

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The First LHAASO Catalog of Gamma-Ray Sources

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. An, Q. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Cai, J.T. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu della Volpe, D. Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, L.Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, X.B. He, Y. Heller, M. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Z.C. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Ke, T. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Lu, R. Luo, Q. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, Z.W. Pang, B.Y. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, M.Y. Qi, Y.Q. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Semikoz, D. Shao, C.Y. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, F.W. Song, H.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Tam, P.H.T. Tang, Q.W. Tang, Z.B. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu610000 China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg69029 Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China School of Physical Science and Technology School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Chengdu610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Hebei Normal University Hebei Shijiazhuang050024 China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200030 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays Tibet University Ministry of Education Tibet Lhasa850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China School of Physics and Astronomy Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China School of Physics Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Guangzhou510275 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650091 China Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Faculté de Sciences Université de Genève 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva121

We present the first catalog of very-high energy and ultra-high energy gamma-ray sources detected by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). The catalog was compiled using 508 days of data collected by the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) from March 2021 to September 2022 and 933 days of data recorded by the Kilometer Squared Array (KM2A) from January 2020 to September 2022. This catalog represents the main result from the most sensitive large coverage gamma-ray survey of the sky above 1 TeV, covering declination from −20◦ to 80◦. In total, the catalog contains 90 sources with an extended size smaller than 2◦ and a significance of detection at > 5σ. Based on our source association criteria, 32 new TeV sources are proposed in this study. Among the 90 sources, 43 sources are detected with ultra-high energy (E > 100 TeV) emission at > 4σ significance level. We provide the position, extension, and spectral characteristics of all the sources in this catalog. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gamma rays

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