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Generating Baikal-GVD high energy cascade-like neutrino events with a GEANT4-based simulation toolkit

Chinese physics C 2024年第10期48卷 256-263页

作者： Zike Wang A.D.Avrorin Zhen Cao Mingjun Chen Peiyuan Chu Zh.-A.M.Dzhilkibaev Bo Gao Tianqi Huang Jiali Liu Ying Qi Xiaohao You D.N.Zaborov Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Experimental Physics Division&Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu 610213China School of Science Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000China

Using the GEANT4 and Cosmic Ray Monte Carlo(CRMC)software packages,we developed a new simulation toolkit for astrophysical neutrino *** configuring the Baikal-GVD detector and comparing the vertex position and direction of incident particles,as well as the channel-by-channel signals,to the events detected by Baikal-GVD,we successfully generated 13 high-energy cascade neutrino events with the *** analysis revealed a systematic offset between the reconstructed shower position and the true interaction position,with a distance close to the scale of the shower maximum of−0.54±1.29 *** achieved a good linear relationship between the photoelectron number of neutrino events obtained by simulation and the real data measured by *** simulation toolkit could serve as a reliable basis for studying the performance of astrophysical neutrino telescopes.

关键词： high-energy neutrino cascade event simulation Cherenkov

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由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： LHAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao Chuandong Gao Cong Li Ruo-Yu Liu Ruizhi Yang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

We report the detection of aγ-ray bubble spanning at least 100deg2 in ultra-high energy(UHE)up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus X,implying the presence super PeVatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV.A log-parabola form with the photon indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble *** sources,“hot spots”correlated with very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphousγ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the *** the core of~0.5°,spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(Cygnus X-3),as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources,an enhanced concentration of UHEγ-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 *** general feature of the bubble,the morphology,and the energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.

关键词： Cosmic rays γ-rays Interstellar medium Star cluster

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Testing and analysis of the plastic scintillator units for LHAASO-ED

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2021年第4期5卷 513-519页

作者： Ya-Ping Wang Chao Hou Xiang-Dong Sheng Shao-Hui Feng Hong-Kui Lv Jia Liu Jing Zhao Xiao-Peng Zhang Quan-Bu Gou Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina

Background A total of 5195 electromagnetic particle detectors(EDs)are used in the 1-square-kilometer extensive air shower array(KM2A),which is a subarray of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO).Purpose As the detection sensitive medium of the EDs,more than 20,000 plastic scintillator units(BC-408),produced by Saint-Gobain,are used in *** is important to monitor the light output of the scintillator units among the *** To improve the efficiency,a sampling inspection scheme(misjudgment rate of less than 5%)was designed,and a batch test system was *** units of scintillator units can be measured at a *** test system selects the single muon events of cosmic rays to measure the light output values of the plastic scintillator *** The measurement has an uncertainty of less than 2%.By pretest calibration,the difference between different channels can be *** calibration was implemented approximately every 3 months,and the test system had been running stably for 28 *** measuring the ratio of the signals of selected far and near probe events,the changes in the quality of different batches of plastic scintillator units can be *** The test system realized accurate measurement of the light output,and all batches satisfied the requirements of the experiment.

关键词： LHAASO ED Plastic scintillator unit Light output

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Chapter 1 LHAASO Instruments and Detector technology

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Chinese physics C 2022年第3期46卷 1-35页

作者： Xin-Hua Ma Yu-Jiang Bi Zhen Cao Ming-Jun Chen Song-Zhan Chen Yao-Dong Cheng Guang-Hua Gong Min-Hao Gu Hui-Hai He Chao Hou Wen-Hao Huang Xing-Tao Huang Cheng Liu Oleg Shchegolev Xiang-Dong Sheng Yuri Stenkin Chao-Yong Wu Han-Rong Wu Sha Wu Gang Xiao Zhi-Guo Yao Shou-Shan Zhang Yi Zhang Xiong Zuo Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongChina Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow 141700Russia Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)(Fig.1)is located at ***(4410 m a.s.l.,600 g/cm^(2),29°21'27.56"N,100°08'19.66"E)in Daocheng,Sichuan province,*** consists of 1.3 km^(2) array(KM2A)of electromagnetic particle detectors(ED)and muon detectors(MD),a water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA)with a total active area of 78,000 m^(2),18 wide field-of-view air Cherenkov telescopes(WFCTA)and a newly proposed electron-neutron detector array(ENDA)covering 10,000 m^(2).Each detector is synchronized with all the other through a clock synchronization network based on the White Rabbit *** observatory includes an IT center which comprises the data acquisition system and trigger system,the data analysis *** this Chapter,all the above-mentioned components of LHAASO as well as infrastructure are described.

关键词： LHAASO gamma ray astronomy cosmic ray physics

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The accurate measurement of pulse energy by pyroelectric energy sensors for LHAASO-WFCTA calibration 38

The accurate measurement of pulse energy by pyroelectric ene...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Xie, Lei Sun, Qinning Wang, Yang Chen, Long Zhang, Yong Zhu, Fengrong Southwest Jiaotong University School of Physical Science and Technology No.999 Xi’an Road Chengdu611756 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 19B Yuquan Road Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Institute of HighEnergy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1500 Kezhi Road Chengdu610000 China

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), situated on Haizi Mountain in Daocheng County, Sichuan Province, at an average altitude of 4, 410 meters, is home to the Wide Field-of-view Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA), a critical component of which is the laser calibration systems (LCS). The energy measurement systems within the LCS are responsible for accurately measuring the energy of laser beams emitted to the field of view of WFCTA, and are comprised of an energy sensor, energy meter, and temperature control system. This paper presents the results of the relative calibration and performance testing of the energy sensor, which serve as the foundation for the normal operation of the LCS. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Velocity measurement

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Design and Test of SiPM Readout Circuit 38

Design and Test of SiPM Readout Circuit

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Li, Kefan Yang, Mingjie Zhang, Shoushan Chen, Long Zhu, Fengrong Southwest Jiaotong University School of Physical Science and Technology No. 999 Xi’an Road Chengdu China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center No. 19B Yuquan Road Beijing China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center No. 1500 Kezhi Road Chengdu China

Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) have several advantages such as high photon detection efficiency, wide spectral response range, high gain at low bias voltage and compact structure. In addition, SiPM is not damaged by high night sky background (NSB) level, which means that SiPM is a good choice for the atmospheric Atmosphere Cherenkov experiment such as LHAASO-WFCTA and The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) . However, the quenching resistor and capacitor inside SiPM will lead to a longer recovery when a photon casuses avalanche inside SiPM, and then the pusle generated always has a much longer fall time than PMT. This work proposes a passive shaping circuit based on pole-zero cancellation circuit to realize the narrow pulse readout for SiPM without increasing power supply and the output pulse width has been reduced to under than 50 ns with the type of HAMAMATSU-S14466 and the size of 15 mm ×15 mm in the lab, when SiPM is illuminated by the 10 ns pulsed light. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Photons

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Event generator for jet tomography in electron-ion collisions

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Physical Review D 2024年第3期110卷 034001-034001页

作者： Weiyao Ke Yuan-Yuan Zhang Hongxi Xing Xin-Nian Wang Institute of Particle Physics and Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) Theoretical Division Nuclear Science Division MS 70R0309 Physics Department School of Science and Engineering Hefei 230026 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center

We develop the first event generator, the electron-heavy-ion-jet-interaction-generator (eHIJING), for the jet tomography study of electron-ion collisions. In this generator, energetic jet partons produced from the initial hard scattering undergo multiple collisions with the nuclear target. The collision rate is proportional to the transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) gluon density in the nucleus, which is given by a simple model inspired by the physics of gluon saturation. Medium-modified QCD splitting functions within the higher-twist (HT) and generalized higher-twist (GHT) frameworks are utilized to simulate parton showering in the nuclear medium that takes into account the non-Abelian Landau-Pomeranchuck-Midgal interference effect. Employing eHIJING, we revisit hadron production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) as measured by EMC, HERMES, and recent CLAS experiments. eHIJING with both GT and GHT frameworks gives reasonably good descriptions of these experimental data. Predictions for experiments at the future electron-ion colliders are also provided. It is demonstrated that future measurements of the transverse momentum broadening of single hadron spectra can be used to map out the two-dimensional kinematic (Q2, xB) dependence of the jet transport coefficient q^ in cold nuclear matter.

关键词： Electron-ion collisions Fragmentation into hadrons QCD in nuclear reactions

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Search for neutrino emission from the Cygnus Bubble based on LHAASO γ-ray observations

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Wenlian Huang, Tian-Qi Xu, Donglian He, Huihai Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai201210 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology Shanghai200240 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

The Cygnus region, which contains massive molecular and atomic clouds and young stars, is a promising Galactic neutrino source candidate. Cosmic rays transport in the region can produce neutrinos and γ-rays. Recently, the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) detected an ultrahigh-energy γ-ray bubble (Cygnus Bubble) in this region. Using publicly available track events detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in 7 years of full detector operation, we conduct searches for correlated neutrino signals from the Cygnus Bubble with neutrino emission templates based on LHAASO γ-ray observations. No significant signals were found for any employed templates. With the 7 TeV γ-ray flux template, we set a flux upper limit of 90% confidence level (C.L.) for the neutrino emission from the Cygnus Bubble to be 5.7 × 10−13 TeV−1cm−2s−1 at 5 TeV. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Optimization of performance of the KM2A full array using the Crab Nebula

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Chinese physics C 2024年第6期48卷 169-178页

作者：曹臻 F.Aharonian 安琪阿西克古白云翔包逸炜 D.Bastieri 毕效军毕玉江蔡金庭曹晴曹文羽曹喆常进常劲帆陈尚明陈恩生陈亮陈林陈龙陈明君陈玛丽陈起辉陈素弘陈天禄陈阳程宁程耀东崔明阳崔树旺崔晓红崔昱东戴本忠代洪亮戴子高单增罗布 D.della Volpe 董绪强段凯凯樊军辉范一中方军方堃冯存峰封莉冯少辉丰晓婷冯有亮 S.Gabici 高博高川东高林青高启高卫高伟康葛茂茂耿利斯 G.Giacinti 龚光华苟全补顾旻皓郭福来郭晓磊郭义庆郭莹莹韩毅昂何会海贺昊宁何佳银何新波何钰 M.Heller 贺远强侯博文侯超侯贤胡红波胡铨胡世聪黄代绘黄天奇黄文俊黄性涛黄晓渊黄勇黄志成季筱璐贾焕玉贾康江琨姜晓巍姜泽军金敏康明铭柯通 D.Kuleshov.K.Kurinov 李兵兵李澄李骢李丹李飞李海波李会财李华阳李军李剑李捷李凯李文龙李文莲李秀荣李昕李一卓李哲黎卓梁恩维梁云峰林苏杰刘冰刘成刘栋刘虎刘海东刘佳刘江来刘金艳刘茂元柳若愚刘四明刘伟刘怡刘以农鲁睿罗晴吕洪魁马伯强马玲玲马欣华毛基荣闵振 W.Mitthumsiri 穆慧君南云程 A.Neronov 区子维庞彬宇 P.Pattarakijwanich 裴致远齐孟尧祁业情乔冰强秦家军 D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz D.Semikoz 邵澄宇邵琅 O.Shchegolev 盛祥东舒富文宋慧超 Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov 苏扬孙秦宁孙晓娜孙志斌谭柏轩唐庆文唐泽波田文武王超王昌贝王广威王洪光王惠惠王建成汪凯王利苹王玲玉王培汉王冉王为王祥高王祥玉王阳王玉东王岩谨王忠海王仲翔王振王铮韦大明魏俊杰魏永健文韬吴超勇吴含荣武莎吴雪峰吴雨生席邵强夏捷夏君集项光漫肖迪泫肖刚辛广广辛玉良邢祎熊峥徐东莲徐仁峰徐仁新徐伟立薛良闫大海颜景志颜田杨朝文杨帆杨冯帆杨何文杨佳盈杨莉莉杨明洁杨睿智杨深邦姚玉华姚志国叶一锰尹丽巧尹娜游晓浩游智勇于艳红袁强岳华曾厚敦曾婷轩曾玮查敏张彬彬张丰张海明张恒英张建立张丽霞张力张鹏飞张佩佩张瑞张少博张少如张寿山张潇张笑鹏张云峰张毅张勇赵兵赵静赵雷赵立志赵世平郑福周斌周浩周佳能周猛周平周荣周勋秀祝成光祝凤荣朱辉朱科军左雄 LHAASO Collaboration Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu 610000China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 10398069029 HeidelbergGermany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Facultéde SciencesUniversitéde Genève24 Quai Ernest Ansermet1211 GenevaSwitzerland Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC Universit'e Paris Cit'eCNRS/IN2P3CEA/IRFUObservat

The full array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)has been in operation since July *** its kilometer-square array(KM2A),we optimized the selection criteria for very high and ultrahigh energyγ-rays using data collected from August 2021 to August 2022,resulting in an improvement in significance of the detection in the Crab Nebula of approximately 15%,compared with that of previous *** the implementation of these new selection criteria,the angular resolution was also significantly improved by approximately 10%at tens of *** aspects of the full KM2A array performance,such as the pointing error,were also calibrated using the Crab *** resulting energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range of 10-1000 TeV are well fitted by a log-parabola model,which is consistent with the previous results from LHAASO and other experiments.

关键词： γ-ray Crab Nebula significance

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Medium-modified jet shape via transverse and longitudinal tomography 11

Medium-modified jet shape via transverse and longitudinal to...

引用

11th International Conference on Hard and Elecctromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions, HardProbes 2023

作者： Xiao, Yu-Xin He, Yayun Pang, Long-Gang Wang, Xin-Nian Zhang, Hanzhong Institute of Particle Physics Central China Normal University Wuhan430079 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States

Medium-modified jet shapes are investigated using a linear Boltzmann transport model for event-by-event simulations of γ-jet productions in heavy-ion collisions. The asymmetry (AnN® ) localizes the initial transverse positions of the jets while the different selection of the jet transverse momentum (pTjet) exhibits the initial longitudinal positions. With the 2-dimensional jet tomography, our numerical results indicate that the in-cone transverse momentum is transported to the large angle away from the jet axis due to jet quenching in central Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV. Furthermore, the transverse momentum inside the jet cone behaves with an asymmetric distribution as the gradient of the jet transport coefficient (qˆ) increases. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Heavy ions

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