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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Ma, Lingling Wang, Liping Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

According to the superposition model, the air depth at which the shower size reaches its maximum (Xmax ) is sensitive to the mass compositions of cosmic rays, so Xmax can be used to identify the mass compositions and measure the average mean logarithm mass of cosmic rays. The Wide Field of view Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA) as an important part of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory can record the Cherenkov images which can be used to reconstruct Xmax. The angular distance (Dist ) between the arriving direction and the gravity center of the Cherenkov image is related to Xmax. In this work, the method of the Xmax reconstruction is studied by simulation data, and 20g/cm2 resolution of Xmax can be achieved. The ability of the reconstructed Xmax in mass composition identification and the measurement of the mean logarithm mass is also studied. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Automatic detection device for the absorption length of water measured by reflection cavity 38

Automatic detection device for the absorption length of wate...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Chen, Xinxin Tang, Yiyue Zhang, Juntao Chen, Long Li, Xiurong Zhu, Fengrong School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Province Chengdu610031 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Experimental Physics Division Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

Water serves as a key medium for the water Cherenkov detector, and the water absorption length significantly affects the efficiency of the detectors. The water absorption length represents the distance traveled by 1/e of light intensity attenuation due to the absorption of photons in water, representing the cleanliness of the water. It is a great challenge to measure or monitor the water attenuation length accurately at home and abroad. A method, like the integrating cavity ring-down spectroscopy is described in this paper, which could reveal the water absorption length and the reflectivity of the material at the same time. Based on it, an automatic detection device was designed and installed. A cylindrical cavity covered with highly reflective materials on the inner wall was employed to load the water. A cover is designed which can be controlled by a stepper motor to change the depth of water in the reflective chamber by moving the position of the cover, and at the same time sealing the reflective chamber by using the variable air pressure of the tires. The light provided by a pulse-twinkled LED was injected into the cavity, and the data was recorded by a fast photomultiplier tube(PMT). Finally, the collected waveforms of PMT at different water depths of the cavity were analyzed to get the absorption length of water and the reflectivity of the inner wall. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Stepping motors

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LHAASO First >25 TeV Gamma-ray Source Catalog 38

LHAASO First >25 TeV Gamma-ray Source Catalog

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Xi, Shaoqiang Chen, Songzhan Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu China

We present the first LHAASO catalog of -ray sources with energies above 25 TeV. The catalog covers the northern -ray sky from declination −20◦ to 80◦, and it is based on data collected by the LHAASO 1 km2 array (LHAASO-KM2A) from January 2020 to September 2022. It represents the most sensitive survey of these sources in this energy range, including 75 detections with an extended size of less than 2◦. Among them, 43 sources have been detected with ultra-high energy (>100 TeV) emissions with a significance level higher than 4 (TS > 25). The position, extension and power-law spectral characteristics of each source are reported. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Tellurium compounds

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Hourly measurement of cosmic ray anisotropy by LHAASO WCDA at ∼1 TeV: Effects of an interplanetary flux rope during 2021 November 38

Hourly measurement of cosmic ray anisotropy by LHAASO WCDA a...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Koennonkok, Kritsanon Ruffolo, David Mitthumsiri, Warit Liu, Wei Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok10400 Thailand Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu610000 China

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are known to affect the intensity and anisotropy of Galactic cosmic rays of energies up to ∼100 GeV, but effects at higher energies have rarely been reported. Here we analyze data from the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), and in particular its Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA), which has been in full operation since March 2021. WCDA is sensitive to primary cosmic rays above about 100 GeV with a wide field of view (FOV), from which we select events within 45 degrees of the zenith. We normalize cosmic ray skymaps relative to a monthly average. Then for each hour of data, we express the cosmic ray anisotropy as the gradient of the excess cosmic ray rate over the FOV. For the ICME passage of 2021 Nov 4-5, a strong anisotropy was recently reported in data from muon detectors and neutron monitors. We present evidence for an enhanced anisotropy in LHAASO-WCDA data during that time period, for primary cosmic ray energy ranges both below and above 1 TeV. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic ray detectors

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A compensation circuit for the gain temperature drift of silicon photomultiplier tube

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2023年第4期7卷 571-577页

作者： Chang-ge Zi Jin-fan Chang Ming-jie Yang Feng-fan Yang Yu-Sheng Wang Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics of China Beijing100049China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu610213SichuanChina

Background Silicon photomultiplier tube(SiPM)has been widely applied in high energy physics *** wide field of view Cherenkov telescope array of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)consists of 12 arrays of *** of the array includes 32*32 *** Array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes(LACT),the next generation of particle astrophysics experiment,will also adopt SiPM *** LACT will located at a high altitude,leading to a significant operating temperature variation of the *** the gain of SiPM is temperature-sensitive,in order to keep it stable,compensation for the gain is necessary by adjusting the bias voltage of *** The compensation circuit provides the bias voltage of SiPM by using a high-voltage output Digital-to-Analog Converter and several high-voltage output *** reduce the temperature drift of the gain,the compensation circuit adjust the bias voltage of SiPM according to the operating *** The compensation circuit supplies SiPM with an adjustable bias voltage from 0 to 80 V,and the adjustment step is 1.22 *** the output voltage of the compensation circuit is 64 V,the voltage ripple is 2.59 mV,and the temperature drift is 0.17 mV/℃.In the temperature range from−20 to 30℃,the compensation circuit reduces the gain temperature drift of SiPM to within 2%.

关键词： SiPM Gain Compensation LACT

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Generating Baikal-GVD high energy cascade-like neutrino events with a GEANT4-based simulation toolkit

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Chinese physics C 2024年第10期48卷 256-263页

作者： Zike Wang A.D.Avrorin Zhen Cao Mingjun Chen Peiyuan Chu Zh.-A.M.Dzhilkibaev Bo Gao Tianqi Huang Jiali Liu Ying Qi Xiaohao You D.N.Zaborov Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Experimental Physics Division&Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu 610213China School of Science Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000China

Using the GEANT4 and Cosmic Ray Monte Carlo(CRMC)software packages,we developed a new simulation toolkit for astrophysical neutrino *** configuring the Baikal-GVD detector and comparing the vertex position and direction of incident particles,as well as the channel-by-channel signals,to the events detected by Baikal-GVD,we successfully generated 13 high-energy cascade neutrino events with the *** analysis revealed a systematic offset between the reconstructed shower position and the true interaction position,with a distance close to the scale of the shower maximum of−0.54±1.29 *** achieved a good linear relationship between the photoelectron number of neutrino events obtained by simulation and the real data measured by *** simulation toolkit could serve as a reliable basis for studying the performance of astrophysical neutrino telescopes.

关键词： high-energy neutrino cascade event simulation Cherenkov

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The research on the measurement of water quality based on reflection cavity 38

The research on the measurement of water quality based on re...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Tang, Yiyue Chen, Xinxin Zhang, Juntao Zhang, Qinghong Li, Xiurong Zhu, Fengrong Chen, Long School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Sichuan Province Chengdu611756 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics Experimental Physics Division Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

The passage of high-energy particles through water, air, and some other similar media produces Cherenkov light. Cherenkov detectors are widely used for detecting primary high-energy cosmic rays or gamma rays. The quality of the media is important for the experiments because the contaminants can absorb the light and reduce the precision of the reconstruction of the extensive air showers. Here we developed a method, similar to the integrating ring-down spectroscopy for evaluating the water quality. This method induced the laser as light source, the bucket with high reflective diffused material in the inner wall to reflect the light, photomultiplier tube (PMT) to record the waveform of light signal. We choose copper sulfate solution to find the relationship between solution concentration, the attenuation length of water, and the reflectivity of inner-wall material. The results proved the feasibility of the reflection cavity. This method can also be applied on the monitor of atmosphere, water pollution and cave safety, etc. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic ray detectors

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Search for very high energy gamma-ray bursts based on LHAASO-WCDA triggered data 38

Search for very high energy gamma-ray bursts based on LHAASO...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Huang, Y. Liu, C. Yao, Z.G. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics Experimental Physics Division Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu610000 China

Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA), a part of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO), is a very sensitive gamma source detector in hundreds GeV to dozens TeV due to its effectvie gamma-proton discriminating capability. Triggered data is always preserved for long term, which makes long time analysis for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) possible. Based on LHAASO-WCDA triggerd data, we searched GRB signal using location and corresponding time extracted from GCN website if GRB bursts in view from March 5, 2021 to February 1, 2023 manually. Alert automatic analysis program is deployed in April, 2023, which will give analysis results within 2 days automatically. Trial number is considered to avoiding misjudging. In this contribution we will introduce searching strategy, alert automatic analysis workflow and present the total searching results. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmic ray detectors

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Proposal for the High Energy Neutrino Telescope 38

Proposal for the High Energy Neutrino Telescope

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Huang, Tian-Qi Cao, Zhen Chen, Mingjun Liu, Jiali Wang, Zike You, Xiaohao Qi, Ying Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center Sichuan Chengdu610000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has observed tens of gamma-ray sources with significant emission above 100 TeV. These gamma-ray sources are probably the Galactic accelerators of PeV cosmic-rays. Thus, high energy neutrinos above 100 TeV are expected to be observed from these PeVatron candidates. We propose the Huge Underwater high-energy Neutrino Telescope (HUNT) with instrumented volume up to 30 km3 to search for neutrino sources above 100 TeV, which will help us to identify the PeVatrons in our Galaxy and understand the acceleration of PeV cosmic-rays in the deep universe. Here, we present some preliminary results of the telescope simulation, the performance evaluation and the pathfinder experiment. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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The accurate measurement of pulse energy by pyroelectric energy sensors for LHAASO-WFCTA calibration 38

The accurate measurement of pulse energy by pyroelectric ene...

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Xie, Lei Sun, Qinning Wang, Yang Chen, Long Zhang, Yong Zhu, Fengrong Southwest Jiaotong University School of Physical Science and Technology No.999 Xi’an Road Chengdu611756 China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 19B Yuquan Road Beijing100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Institute of HighEnergy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1500 Kezhi Road Chengdu610000 China

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), situated on Haizi Mountain in Daocheng County, Sichuan Province, at an average altitude of 4, 410 meters, is home to the Wide Field-of-view Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA), a critical component of which is the laser calibration systems (LCS). The energy measurement systems within the LCS are responsible for accurately measuring the energy of laser beams emitted to the field of view of WFCTA, and are comprised of an energy sensor, energy meter, and temperature control system. This paper presents the results of the relative calibration and performance testing of the energy sensor, which serve as the foundation for the normal operation of the LCS. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Velocity measurement

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