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Estimating the value of a statistical life in China: A contingent valuation study in six representative cities

Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and environment 2023年第4期21卷 269-278页

作者： Chaoji Cao Xinke Song Wenjia Cai Yichao Li Jianhui Cong Xueying Yu Mengzhao Gao Can Wang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Center for Healthy Cities Institute for China Sustainable UrbanizationTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Tsinghua Urban Institute Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Center for Statistical Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Department of Industrial Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China School of Economics and Management Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan030000China School of Economics and Management Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine(Beihang University) Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing100191China

The value of a statistical life(VSL)is a crucial tool for monetizing health *** explore the VSL in China,this study examines people’s willingness to pay(WTP)to reduce death risk from air pollution in six representative cities in China based on face-to-face contingent valuation interviews(n=3936)from March 7,2019 to September 30,*** results reveal that the WTP varied from CNY 455 to 763 in 2019(USD 66-111),corresponding to a VSL range of CNY 3.79-6.36 million(USD 549395-921940).The VSL in China in 2019 is estimated to be CNY 4.76 million(USD 689659).The statistics indicate that monthly expenditure levels,environmental concerns,risk attitudes,and assumed market acceptance,which have seldom been dis‐cussed in previous studies,significantly impact WTP and *** findings will serve as a reference for ana‐lyzing mortality risk reduction benefits in future research and for policymaking.

关键词： Air pollution Contingent valuation method Willingness to pay Value of a statistical life China

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Tuning Co Adsorption States Via Enhanced Metal-Support Interaction for Boosting Co2 Methanation Activity of Ru/rutile-TiO2

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Yameng Zhang, Zhiqiang Tian, Jinshu Liao, Yixin Zhai, Jiuya Fang, Xiuzhong Xu, Xianglan Wang, Xiang Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis Institute of Rare Earths School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanchang University Jiangxi Nanchang330031 China College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Zhejiang Hangzhou310014 China

Understanding the correlation between metal–support interactions (MSIs) and the adsorption states of reaction intermediates is critical for developing heterogeneous catalysts. To modulate MSIs and CO adsorption states, various Ru/Ti1-xCrxO2 catalysts were prepared by Cr3+ cation doping and used for CO2 methanation compared to the rutile TiO2-supported Ru catalyst (Ru/r-TiO2). The activity followed the order: Ru/Ti0.95Cr0.05O2 > Ru/Ti0.97Cr0.03O2 > Ru/Ti0.87Cr0.13O2 >> Ru/r-TiO2. The best Ru/Ti0.95Cr0.05O2 catalyst possessed CO2 turnover frequency at 200 °C 10.2 times higher than that on the Ru/r-TiO2. Cr3+ doping in the lattice of r-TiO2 support led to the Ru/Ti0.95Cr0.05O2 with higher dispersion of Ru, and enhanced MSIs. A linear-CO*-II intermediate formed on the Ru/Ti0.95Cr0.05O2 with higher C-O vibrational frequency (2003 cm-1) than the linear-CO*-I at 1972 cm-1 on the Ru/r-TiO2, and the blue-shifted CO possessed higher activity for CO hydrogenation to CH4. The higher activity of the linear-CO* were accounting for the much higher activity of the Ru/Ti0.95Cr0.05O2. The strength of MSIs was proved to be highly correlated with CO adsorpton states including the balance of the strength of Ru-C and C-O bonds, which were found to be a crucial factor for the activity of supported Ru-based catalysts for CO hydrogenation. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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A microfluidic biosensor for microbial quantitative monitoring of air and nutrient solution in the plant factory

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2025年

作者： Yu, Weizhong Huang, Yizheng Ji, Fang Yu, Yude He, Dongxian Li, Zhao Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing100083 China Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies Beijing100101 China College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

Microbial contamination is an inevitable challenge in plant factory, posing substantial risks of economic loss and potential threats to human health if not addressed promptly. However, existing detection methods are characterized by prolonged processing times, high costs, and dependence on skilled technicians, limiting their practicality for routine monitoring. Therefore, there is a critical need for the development of rapid, cost-effective, and reliable device for the quantitative monitoring of microorganisms in both the air and nutrient solutions of the plant factory. We have developed an integrated microfluidic biosensor that can be used to quantitatively monitor microbial levels in air and nutrient solutions by combining ATP bioluminescence. The biosensor was verified and calibrated through a standard ATP solution with Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution, followed by testing of the real air and nutrient solution samples from plant factories. The detection process on the microfluidic chip was automatically controlled to complete within 3 min. The consumption of ATP reaction solution and lysate for one assay was about 10 μL and 16 μL, respectively. The sensitivity of bacterial quantification was up to 6.4 × 103 CFU mL−1 with a detection range covering 4 orders of magnitude. This biosensor has been demonstrated to have similar detection accuracy with the culture counting method and enable quantitative monitoring of microorganisms in plant factory, while greatly reducing the detection cycles. © 2025

关键词： Health risks

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Organic Heterojunctions Synergize with Biochar as Catalytic Sites for Rapid Herbicide Degradation Under Natural Light

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Wenhao Luo, Houjin Zhang, Libin Hu, Bin Huang, Ciyuan Yao, Shangfei Li, Shangjing Yang, Tao Zhu, Hongxiang Zou, Bingsuo Liu, Tao State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Resources Environment and Materials School of Light Industry Technology and Engineering Guangxi University Nanning530004 China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Aveiro Aveiro3810-193 Portugal Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen518057 China

With the increasing pollution of water bodies by herbicides, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly photocatalyst using natural light. In this work, we combine the organic heterojunction PBDB-T:BTTIC-TT with biochar to design a low-cost photocatalyst-adsorbent with a higher density of reaction site and reduce the aggregation of the organic catalysts. By tuning the thiophene side chains of the acceptor in organic heterojunction, the visible-light absorption can be enhanced ~18% for better catalytic efficiency. The ·O2− is verified to play a major role during the photocatalytic process, and the degradation pathway of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to small carboxylic acids is also revealed. The broader natural light response with the good adsorption of the photocatalyst can effectively enhance the 2,4,6-trichlorophenol removal rate up to 97.4% within 1 h, and the excellent adaptability over a wide pH range as well as the great stability during 15 catalytic cycles shows the practical applications in the treatment of water bodies with different levels of herbicide pollution. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Herbicides

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Using Squeeze-and-Excitation Vision Transformer with Local Feature Fusion for Ship Classification in SAR Images

Using Squeeze-and-Excitation Vision Transformer with Local F...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Yuhang Qi Lu Wang Chunhui Zhao Ning Wang Jikang Chen College of Information and Communication Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Communication and Information Technology Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin China College of Shipbuilding Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China Frontiers Science Center for Wave Field of Extreme Ocean Environment Harbin China

The categorization of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ships primarily focuses on large ships with distinct features, but accurately identifying SAR ships remains challenging due to limited samples in certain ship categories. In this study, we propose a compressed and excited Vision Transformer model based on local feature fusion. This model leverages local feature fusion and channel modeling through the squeezing-and-excitation (SE) mechanism to effectively balance the contributions of each feature. By incorporating better local information, we are able to extract deeper features even from small datasets. To evaluate the efficacy of our model, we trained it on the three-category OpenSARShip 2.0 dataset and conducted experiments. The results demonstrate that our proposed model achieves superior classification accuracy compared to existing methods.

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Deciphering Heavy Metals Adsorption on Soil by Physicochemical Property Diversity Using Machine Learning Method

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Jianle Liu, Xueming Tu, Yuliang Deng, Hong Lin, Zhang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Resource Recycling South China University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials South China University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Changsha410083 China

The soil physicochemical properties play a pivotal role in the geochemical processes of heavy metals (HMs) within the soil environment. However, the precise soil property that most significantly impacts HMs binding capacity remains elusive. To address this knowledge gap, we collected 22 types of soil samples from diverse regions across China. Utilizing these samples, we developed 12 machine learning models to predict the adsorption of HMs by soil, leveraging 2112 experimental data points. Using the most effective model, we identified the master control factors of soil properties that dictate the soil adsorption capacity of HMs, including Cr, Pb, Cd, and As. Our findings indicate that reactive metal oxides and soil organic matter contents play a critical role in determining the adsorption capacity of oxyanions like Cr and As. Meanwhile, soil pH, soil particle size, and soil organic matter contents account for the majority of differences in cation adsorption capacity, specifically for Pb and Cd. Notably, soil bulk density and exchangeable potassium content emerged as crucial factors in predicting the relative adsorption capacity of HMs, an area that has been understudied. This study deciphering light on a complex adsorption process that has significant implications for environmental health and pollution control efforts. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heavy metals

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Extension of Phosphorescence and Delayed Fluorescence Lifetime of Carbon Dots Using Substrate-Assisted Method

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Cai, Minjuan Qiu, Huakai Chen, Xiaoping Wang, Xudong Cai, Zhixiong College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Environment Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology Micro-Nano Organic Optical Materials Laboratory Minnan Normal University Fujian Zhangzhou363000 China Department of Chemistry Human Phenome Institute Fudan University Shanghai200438 China

Enhancing excitons utilization efficiency is critical for luminescent materials, particularly concerning the harvesting of triplet excitons. Controlling the excited-state dynamics thus plays a pivotal role in modulating room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emissions. In this work, six similar carboxylic acids were selected as precursors to synthesize six kinds of carbon dots (CDs) via simple hydrothermal method. By fine-tuning the structure of the precursors, the interplay between TADF and RTP was successfully regulated. Subsequently, CD-based borate composites were developed through a matrix-assisted method using boric acid (BA) as the matrix, resulting in electron-transfer-enhanced afterglows with varying lifetimes, attributed to the inorganic electronic defects within the matrix. Notably, the CDs@BA composites exhibited quite different afterglow emission properties, due to the confinement effects of physical immobilization, enabling differentiation between TADF and RTP. These results provide a model for fabricating multimodal afterglow materials based on CDs. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Excitons

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Tuning Co Adsorption States Via Enhanced Metal-Support Interaction for Boosting Co2 Methanation Activity of Ru/Rutile-Tio2

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SSRN 2023年

Understanding the correlation between metal–support interactions (MSIs) and the adsorption states of reaction intermediates is critical for developing heterogeneous catalysts. To modulate MSIs and CO adsorption states,various Ru/Ti1-xCrxO2 catalysts were prepared by Cr3+ cation doping and used for CO2 methanation compared to the rutile TiO2-supported Ru catalyst (Ru/r-TiO2). The activity followed the order: Ru/Ti0.95Cr0.05O2 > Ru/Ti0.97Cr0.03O2 > Ru/Ti0.87Cr0.13O2 >> Ru/r-TiO2. The best Ru/Ti0.95Cr0.05O2 catalyst possessed CO2 turnover frequency (TOF) value at 200 °C 10.2 times higher than that on the Ru/r-TiO2. Cr3+ doping in the lattice of r-TiO2 support led to the Ru/Ti0.95Cr0.05O2 with higher dispersion of Ru and enhanced MSIs. A linear-CO*-II intermediate formed on the Ru/Ti0.95Cr0.05O2 with higher C-O vibrational frequency (2003 cm-1) than the linear-CO*-I at 1972 cm-1 on the Ru/r-TiO2, and the blue-shifted CO possessed higher activity for CO hydrogenation to CH4. The higher activity of the linear-CO* were accounting for the much higher TOF value of the Ru/Ti0.95Cr0.05O2. The strength of MSIs was proved to be highly correlated with CO adsorpton states including the balance of the strength of Ru-C and C-O bonds, which were found to be a crucial factor for the activity of supported Ru-based catalysts for CO hydrogenation. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Identifying the convergent reaction path from predesigned assembled structures: Dissymmetrical dehalogenation of Br_(2)Py on Ag(111)

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Nano Research 2021年第12期14卷 4704-4713页

作者： Jinping Hu Zhaofeng Liang Kongchao Shen Lei Xie Huan Zhang Chaoqin Huang Yaobo Huang Han Huang Jianxin Tang Zheng Jiang Miao Yu Fei Song Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100100China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Faciality Zhangjiang LaboratoryShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201000China Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Soochow UniversitySuzhou215123China School of Physics Science and Electronics Central South UniversityChangsha410083China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China

On-surface Ullmann coupling has been intensely utilized for the tailor-made fabrication of conjugated frameworks towards molecular electronics, however, reaction mechanisms are still limitedly understood. Herein, we provide a comprehensive elucidation of the surface Ullmann coupling of 2,7-dibromopyrene (Br2Py) on Ag(111) by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density function theory (DFT), and reveal that the Ullmann reaction path is unique regardless of predesigned assembled structures. By manipulating deposition conditions, diverse assembled architectures have been constructed for Br2Py on Ag(111), including the ladder phase, parallel arrangement, hexagonal patterns from monomers or Kagome lattices based on organometallic (OM) dimers. Intriguingly, stepwise annealing leads to an identical reaction diagram for the surface Ullmann coupling from individual assembled structures convergent into the brick-wall-pattern OM dimers first, which is deemed to be a stable phase, and then into elongated OM chains in order and eventually long-range polymers with direct C-C coupling. While the reaction mechanism is demonstrated to be dominated by the metal coordinated and halogen bonding motifs, interestingly, it has also been revealed that surface adatoms and dissociated Br atoms play a crucial role in coupling reactions. In contrast to previous reports demonstrating the manipulation of Ullmann reactions by preassembled strategy, herein, weak intermolecular interaction in assembled nanostructures is immediately suppressed by strong covalent bonding during reactions. Importantly, our report proposes essential insights on fundamental understanding of surface Ullmann coupling towards high-yield surface synthesis.

关键词： self-assembly Ullmann coupling organometallic intermediates reaction path scanning tunneling microscopy

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Extremely Organic Matter Enrichment in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation: New Constraints from the Ne Sichuan Basin, China

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Yi Liao, Zhiwei Chen, Anqing Wei, Yi Cao, Jian Shi, Qiang State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control School of Resources and Safety Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China Key Laboratory of Deep-time Geography and Environment Reconstruction and Applications Ministry of Natural Resources Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu610059 China No. 205 Geological Team Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration Chongqing401121 China State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China

The Yangtze Block is a highly prospective area for Ediacaran natural gas exploration in recent years, especially the Doushantuo Formation, a vital source rock for organic-rich hydrocarbon and a shale gas reservoir in the region. However, understanding of the Ediacaran organic-rich source rocks systematically has been limited due to the heterogeneous accumulation of organic matter and confusing palaeoclimatological and palaeoceanographic conditions. Such a scenario is not conducive to further exploration of the deep Ediacaran natural gas resources or understanding the evolution of early Earth. In this study, based on two new well drillings in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, the integrated sedimentological and geochemical investigations were focused on the Ediacaran middle−upper Doushantuo Formation (DST) fine-grained rocks interval. Results show this set of black organic-rich shales (total organic carbon up to 13.97%) deposited under episodic warming climate during an otherwise protracted cooling trend. These frequent climatic fluctuations intensified hydrological circulation, which together with the concurrent hydrothermal activity and the Neoproterozoic Oxidation Event, led to eutrophication of surface seawater. Under these circumstances, a substantial enhancement in primary productivity driven by algae blooming, subsequently resulted in consume excess dissolved oxygen in seawater during the degradation stage and anoxic-euxinic bottom water expansion. Consequently, the deposition of DST 4 shales witnessed an extreme organic matter enrichment in Chengkou subbasin. In contrast, the DST 3 shales, which were deposited in shallower anoxic-oxic bottom water conditions and exhibit greater variation in total organic carbon contents. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Organic carbon

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