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Epigenetics in the modern era of crop improvements

science China life sciences 2025年第6期 1570-1609页

作者： Yan Xue Xiaofeng Cao Xiangsong Chen Xian Deng Xing Wang Deng Yong Ding Aiwu Dong Cheng-Guo Duan Xiaofeng Fang Lei Gong Zhizhong Gong Xiaofeng Gu Chongsheng He Hang He Shengbo He Xin-Jian He Yan He Yuehui He Guifang Jia Danhua Jiang Jianjun Jiang Jinsheng Lai Zhaobo Lang Chenlong Li Qing Li Xingwang Li Bao Liu Bing Liu Xiao Luo Yijun Qi Weiqiang Qian Guodong Ren Qingxin Song Xianwei Song Zhixi Tian Jia-Wei Wang Yuan Wang Liang Wu Zhe Wu Rui Xia Jun Xiao Lin Xu Zheng-Yi Xu Wenhao Yan Hongchun Yang Jixian Zhai Yijing Zhang Yusheng Zhao Xuehua Zhong Dao-Xiu Zhou Ming Zhou Yue Zhou Bo Zhu Jian-Kang Zhu Qikun Liu State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice College of Life Sciences Wuhan University School of Life Sciences Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Institute of Plant Biology School of Life Sciences Fudan University Key Laboratory of Plant Design National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Plant Biology School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE) Northeast Normal University State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University College of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Biotechnology Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Biology Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed Hunan University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture South China Agricultural University National Institute of Biological Sciences Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation Institute of Genetics and Developme

Epigenetic mechanisms are integral to plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental stimuli. Over the past two decades, our comprehension of these complex regulatory processes has expanded remarkably, producing a substantial body of knowledge on both locus-specific mechanisms and genome-wide regulatory patterns. Studies initially grounded in the model plant Arabidopsis have been broadened to encompass a diverse array of crop species, revealing the multifaceted roles of epigenetics in physiological and agronomic traits. With recent technological advancements, epigenetic regulations at the single-cell level and at the large-scale population level are emerging as new focuses. This review offers an in-depth synthesis of the diverse epigenetic regulations, detailing the catalytic machinery and regulatory functions. It delves into the intricate interplay among various epigenetic elements and their collective influence on the modulation of crop traits. Furthermore, it examines recent breakthroughs in technologies for epigenetic modifications and their integration into strategies for crop improvement. The review underscores the transformative potential of epigenetic strategies in bolstering crop performance, advocating for the development of efficient tools to fully exploit the agricultural benefits of epigenetic insights.

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PD-L1-targeted polymer-peptide-immune nanomedicine synergizes radiotherapy for durable tumor control

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Bioactive Materials 2025年 51卷 531-542页

作者： Du, Jincheng Luo, Chuwen Liu, Ya Tan, Wenye Wang, Kun Chi, Jiachong Liu, Linlin Xu, Yajun Tang, Zhaohui Chen, Xuesi Department of Radiation Oncology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Jilin Changchun 130033 China Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Jilin Changchun 130022 China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Jilin Changchun 130022 China School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Research Center for Drug Metabolism School of Life Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130012 China

Radiotherapy (RT) is a cornerstone of cancer treatment but limited by its dual role in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment: while promoting immunogenic cell death (ICD), RT concurrently upregulates PD-L1 to suppress antitumor immunity. To address this limitation, we developed PEP-PLG-IMDQ, a polymer-peptide-immune agonist nanomedicine that synergizes RT with immunotherapy. This nanoplatform employs a poly (_L-glutamic acid) carrier conjugated with a PD-L1-targeting peptide and the TLR7/8 agonist imidazoquinoline (IMDQ), enabling three-pronged action: (1) PD-L1-mediated tumor targeting, (2) TLR7/8-driven dendritic cell activation, and (3) reinforcement of the anti-tumor immune cycle. In CT26 tumor-bearing mice, RT combined with PEP-PLG-IMDQ achieved 98.1 % tumor suppression, with 83 % long-term survival and complete resistance to tumor rechallenge. Mechanistically, the combination therapy enhanced CD8⁺ T cell infiltration (5.3-fold vs. RT alone) and established durable immune memory. Our work provides a translatable strategy to overcome radioresistance through spatiotemporal immune modulation. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Immunogenic cell death PD-L1-targeted nanomedicine Radiotherapy TLR7/8 agonist Tumor immune microenvironment

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Efficient Multimodal 3D Object Detector via Instance-Level Contrastive Distillation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Su, Zhuoqun Lu, Huimin Jiao, Shuaifeng Xiao, Junhao Wang, Yaonan Chen, Xieyuanli College of Intelligence Science and Technology The National Key Laboratory of Equipment State Sensing and Smart Support National University of Defense Technology China College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University China

Multimodal 3D object detectors leverage the strengths of both geometry-aware LiDAR point clouds and semantically rich RGB images to enhance detection performance. However, the inherent heterogeneity between these modalities, including unbalanced convergence and modal misalignment, poses significant challenges. Meanwhile, the large size of the detection-oriented feature also constrains existing fusion strategies to capture long-range dependencies for the 3D detection tasks. In this work, we introduce a fast yet effective multimodal 3D object detector, incorporating our proposed Instance-level Contrastive Distillation (ICD) framework and Cross Linear Attention Fusion Module (CLFM). ICD aligns instance-level image features with LiDAR representations through object-aware contrastive distillation, ensuring fine-grained cross-modal consistency. Meanwhile, CLFM presents an efficient and scalable fusion strategy that enhances cross-modal global interactions within sizable multimodal BEV features. Extensive experiments on the KITTI and nuScenes 3D object detection benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods. Notably, our 3D object detector outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods while achieving superior efficiency. The implementation of our method has been released as open-source at: https://***/nubot-nudt/ICD-Fusion. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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ResLPR: A LiDAR Data Restoration Network and Benchmark for Robust Place Recognition Against Weather Corruptions

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Kuang, Wenqing Zhao, Xiongwei Shen, Yehui Wen, Congcong Lu, Huimin Zhou, Zongtan Chen, Xieyuanli College of Intelligence Science and Technology National Key Laboratory of Equipment State Sensing and Smart Support National University of Defense Technology China New York University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Harbin Institute of Technology China University of Science and Technology of China China

LiDAR-based place recognition (LPR) is a key component for autonomous driving, and its resilience to environmental corruption is critical for safety in high-stakes applications. While state-of-the-art (SOTA) LPR methods perform well in clean weather, they still struggle with weather-induced corruption commonly encountered in driving scenarios. To tackle this, we propose ResLPRNet, a novel LiDAR data restoration network that largely enhances LPR performance under adverse weather by restoring corrupted LiDAR scans using a wavelet transform-based network. ResLPRNet is efficient, lightweight and can be integrated plug-and-play with pretrained LPR models without substantial additional computational cost. Given the lack of LPR datasets under adverse weather, we introduce ResLPR, a novel benchmark that examines SOTA LPR methods under a wide range of LiDAR distortions induced by severe snow, fog, and rain conditions. Experiments on our proposed WeatherKITTI and WeatherNCLT datasets demonstrate the resilience and notable gains achieved by using our restoration method with multiple LPR approaches in challenging weather scenarios. Our code and benchmark are publicly available here: https://***/nubot-nudt/ResLPR. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Wavelet transforms

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Genome-wide analysis of the SPL gene family in Platanus × acerifolia and functional characterization of PaSPL8a in flowering

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Horticulture Advances 2025年第1期3卷 0-0页

作者： Chen, Xiyan Shi, Gehui Yan, Xu Wu, Jinghong Peng, Ting Bao, Manzhu Zhang, Jiaqi National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops Wuhan 430070 China College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China Huanggang Polytechnic College Huanggang 438002 China College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China

The SQUAMOUS PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) gene family encodes plant-specific transcription factors that regulate diverse physiological processes, including growth, flowering, and stress responses. A total of 32 PaSPL genes were identified and characterized in the genome of Platanus × acerifolia, an ancient hexaploid species widely cultivated as a street tree. The PaSPL genes were classified into nine distinct groups based on their phylogenetic relationship. Gene structure examination revealed considerable variation in intron number and length among groups. Cis-regulatory element analysis indicated that the promoter regions of PaSPLs are enriched with light-responsive elements. Expression profiling across different tissues and developmental stages demonstrated that the PaSPL genes harboring a site targeted by microRNA156 exhibited stage-specific expression patterns, while those in the Groups II, III, V, and IX displayed tissue-specific expression. Notably, several PaSPL genes exhibited dynamic expression during floral transition, implicating their role in flowering regulation. Among them, PaSPL8a, a Group III member, was differentially expressed in flowerless germplasm resources. Functional characterization demonstrated that PaSPL8a overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana accelerated flowering and upregulated key flowering regulators. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the function of PaSPLs in P. × acerifolia and establish PaSPL8a as a positive regulator of flowering. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： flowering overexpression Platanus × acerifolia SPL gene family

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Biphasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion over decades:a journey from measurements and modeling to mechanistic insights

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life Metabolism 2025年第1期4卷 5-15页

作者： Xiaohong Peng Kai Wang Liangyi Chen New Cornerstone Science Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular MedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineNational Biomedical Imaging CenterThe Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingPeking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesSchool of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing 100871China

Glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreaticβ-cells is critical for maintaining blood glucose *** abrupt increase in blood glucose concentration evokes a rapid and transient rise in insulin secretion followed by a prolonged,slower phase.A diminished first phase is one of the earliest indicators ofβ-cell dysfunction in individuals predisposed to develop type 2 ***,researchers have explored the underlying mechanisms for decades,starting with plasma insulin measurements under physiological conditions and advancing to single-vesicle exocytosis measurements in individualβ-cells combined with molecular *** on a chain of evidence gathered from genetic manipulation to in vivo mouse phenotyping,a widely accepted theory posits that distinct functional insulin vesicle pools inβ-cells regulate biphasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion(GSIS)via activation of different metabolic signal ***,we developed a high-resolution imaging technique to visualize single vesicle exocytosis fromβ-cells within an intact *** findings reveal thatβ-cells within the islet exhibit heterogeneity in their secretory capabilities,which also differs from the heterogeneous Ca^(2+)signals observed in isletβ-cells in response to glucose *** importantly,we demonstrate that biphasic GSIS emerges from the interactions amongα-,β-,andδ-cells within the islet and is driven by a small subset of hypersecretoryβ-***,we propose that a shift from reductionism to holism may be required to fully understand the etiology of complex diseases such as diabetes.

关键词： glucose-stimulated insulin secretion vesicle pools readily releasableβ-cells β-cell heterogeneity

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Necessity for modeling hormonal crosstalk in arabidopsis root development?

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Trends in Plant science 2025年第5期30卷 484-498页

作者： Moore, Simon Liu, Junli Chen, Chunli Lindsey, Keith Department of Biosciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom Hubei Hongshan Laboratory College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops Huazhong Agricultural University Hubei Wuhan 430070 China

Hormones play vital roles in plant root development. Mathematical models have been employed to study hormone functions. However, models developed by different research groups focus on different aspects of hormones and therefore cannot be used to study root growth as an integrative system that involves the functions of all hormones. To use modeling to study root development, the crosstalk nature of hormones requires the further development of mathematical models to understand their interplay in the context of diverse experimental data. This opinion article discusses what new insights can be developed by modeling hormonal crosstalk beyond experimental data. We propose that one integrative model should be developed to integrate all experimental data for elucidating root growth. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： gene expression hormonal crosstalk integrative model PIN patterning simultaneous patterning of hormones spatiotemporal modeling

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Spiking Neural Network for Intra-cortical Brain Signal Decoding

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yang, Song Fu, Haotian Zhang, Herui Zhang, Peng Li, Wei Wu, Dongrui Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Systems Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Decoding brain signals accurately and efficiently is crucial for intra-cortical brain-computer interfaces. Traditional decoding approaches based on neural activity vector features suffer from low accuracy, whereas deep learning based approaches have high computational cost. To improve both the decoding accuracy and efficiency, this paper proposes a spiking neural network (SNN) for effective and energy-efficient intra-cortical brain signal decoding. We also propose a feature fusion approach, which integrates the manually extracted neural activity vector features with those extracted by a deep neural network, to further improve the decoding accuracy. Experiments in decoding motor-related intra-cortical brain signals of two rhesus macaques demonstrated that our SNN model achieved higher accuracy than traditional artificial neural networks;more importantly, it was tens or hundreds of times more efficient. The SNN model is very suitable for high precision and low power applications like intracortical brain-computer interfaces. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Fluid Dynamics and Infrared Stealth of Marine IRS Devices: A Review

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International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics 2025年

作者： Zou, Yitao Liu, Zhenrong Qiao, Xin Jiang, Yingying Shi, Hong Jiang, Yanlong College of Aerospace Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China Key Laboratory of Aircraft Environment Control and Life Support MIIT Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China School of Energy and Power Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang China

Infrared suppression (IRS) devices for naval ships play a crucial role in reducing the infrared radiation signature of high-temperature exhaust, thereby enhancing the survivability of ships against infrared-guided weapons. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the design and optimization of IRS devices. The primary research problem of the devices is the need to effectively suppress infrared radiation from ship exhaust gases, which are the main targets of infrared-guided missiles. To achieve this, the paper analyzes the infrared characteristics of exhaust systems from the perspectives of fluid dynamics, radiation sources, and radiation transmission, with a detailed explanation of the associated physical mechanisms and computational methods. The working principles and structural features of commonly used IRS devices, such as eductor/diffuser (E/D) devices and DRES-Ball devices, are introduced, with a focus on the design and optimization of key components, including nozzles, mixing diffusers, and optical blocking obstacles. Advanced suppression technologies, such as water injection and aerosol particle dispersion, are also discussed as auxiliary methods to enhance the infrared stealth capabilities. The review highlights that the advanced cooling mechanisms and optical property modifications can significantly reduce the infrared radiation of exhaust plumes. Furthermore, the paper identifies several challenges and future research directions, including the performance impacts of multi-device coordinated operation, the development of intelligent adaptive control systems, and the pursuit of lightweight and modular designs to meet the high mobility requirements of modern naval ships. This review aims to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the practical design of IRS devices, offering valuable insights for the development of next-generation infrared stealth technologies for naval vessels. © 2025 The Author(s). International Jo

关键词： Aerodynamics

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The multifaceted role of post-translational modifications of LSD1 in cellular processes and disease pathogenesis

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Genes & Diseases 2025年第3期12卷 168-179页

作者： Yinrui Li Bo Wang Yichao Zheng Huiqin Kang Ang He Lijuan Zhao Ningjie Guo Hongmin Liu Adil Mardinoglu M.A.A.Mamun Ya Gao Xiaobing Chen Department of Oncology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University&Henan Cancer HospitalHenan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer&Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal CancerZhengzhouHenan 450008China State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention&Treatment Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation TechnologiesMinistry of Education of ChinaKey Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality Control and EvaluationZhengzhouHenan 450001China Institute of Drug Discovery and Development School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and TreatmentZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China Science for Life Laboratory KTH e Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm SE-10044Sweden Faculty of Dentistry Oral&Craniofacial SciencesCentre for Host-Microbiome InteractionsKing’s College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUK

Post-translational modifications(PTMs)of proteins play a crucial role in living organisms,altering the properties and functions of *** are over 450 known PTMs involved in various life ***1(lysine-specific demethylase 1)is the first identified histone demethylase that can remove monomethylation or dimethylation modifications from histone H3 lysine K4(H3K4)and histone H3 lysine K9(H3K9).This ability of LSD1 allows it to inhibit or activate ***1 has been found to abnormally express at the protein level in various tumors, making it relevant to multiple diseases. As a PTM enzyme, LSD1 itself undergoes various PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, methylation, SUMOylation, and S-nitrosylation, influencing its activity and function. Dysregulation of thesePTMs has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders,neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and bone diseases. Understanding the speciesof PTMs and functions regulated by various PTMs of LSD1 provides insights into its involvementin diverse physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we discuss the structuralcharacteristics of LSD1 and amino acid residues that affect its enzyme activity. We also summarize the potential PTMs that occur on LSD1 and their involvement in cellular ***, we describe human diseases associated with abnormal expression of LSD1. Thiscomprehensive analysis sheds light on the intricate interplay between PTMs and the functionsof LSD1, highlighting their significance in health and diseases.

关键词： Enzyme activity Histone demethylase Human diseases LSD1 Post-translational

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