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Theoretical and experimental advances on heat transfer and flow characteristics of metal foams

science China(Technological sciences) 2020年第5期63卷 705-718页

作者： WANG Hui GUO LieJin CHEN Kang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Institute of Solar Engineering Technology Northwest Engineering Corporation LimitedPowerChinaXi’an 710065China

Open cell metal foam can be applied to greatly improve thermal performance of heat sink and heat exchanger,so that it has been widely used in the fields of thermal(or heat)control system of aerospace vehicle and energy utilization system and become a very important topic for research in the aerospace thermophysics field,and more and more attentions have been *** optimal design of metal foam heat transfer devices is based on the understanding the flow and heat transfer characteristics in metal *** article reviews some recent progresses of theoretical and experimental researches on heat transfer enhancement and flow characteristics of metal *** found that the pore cell simplification models of metal foams generally fall into four categories,among which the most commonly used cell model is Kelivin *** exploratory works performed by the current authors are also introduced,such as the effect of boundary conditions on the heat transfer enhancement;the theoretical modelling of interfacial convective heat transfer taking into account heat conduction between foam ligaments;and the flow characteristics under relatively high *** analytical results show that the flow characteristics of metal foam at relatively high speed are completely different from those at low speed,a further thorough study of the heat transfer and flow characteristics of metal foam is necessarily *** this paper,two types of partial filling techniques are *** heat transfer performance of partially filled tubes was evaluated by both the performance evaluation criteria and the performance evaluation plot of enhanced heat transfer techniques oriented for *** results show that the filling type of metal foam have a significant impact on its heat transfer enhancement ***,the filling method of metal foam should be further studied,in order to optimize the thermophysical properties of heat transfer devices.

关键词： metal foam effective thermal conductivity interfacial convective heat transfer coefficient heat transfer enhancement thermal radiation

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A Hierarchical Core-Sheath Structure Composite Fiber of Pw/Tpu for Elastic Smart Fabrics Enabling Wearable Personal Thermal Management

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Hu, Luyang Chen, Jiadong She, Jing Li, Fabing Liao, Junjie Zhou, Yufeng Zhang, Yumin School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan232001 China Anhui International Joint Research Center for Nano Carbon-based Materials and Environmental Health Huainan232001 China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environment Harbin150001 China

Elasticity and stability play a crucial role in phase change fibers (PCFs), ensuring both comfort and effective thermal management in fabrics. In this study, we present the development of an elastic and shape-stable phase change fiber through coaxial wet spinning. The fiber consists of a paraffin wax (PW) core encapsulated in a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) sheath, providing reliable protection against leakage during use. The obtained PCFs exhibit a PW loading capacity of up to 64.9 wt.% and a heating enthalpy of 117.0 J/g. Notably, these fibers maintain their morphological and thermal stability even after undergoing 50 cycles of heating and cooling treatments. By integrating the PCFs into a fabric and coating the surface with CNTs, the PCFs-based fabric achieves an outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency of 95.1% under a light intensity of 250 mW/cm2 and an electrothermal conversion efficiency of 73.2% at a power level of 0.9 W. Furthermore, the fabric, woven with uniformly broken PW core, exhibits excellent tensile resilience in various conditions, including room temperature and during photothermal and electrothermal conversion processes. This study introduces a promising avenue for the development of innovative PCFs, offering significant potential for their application in the realm of personal smart fabrics, particularly in the field of advanced thermal management. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fibers

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Modelling of Flood Risks to People's Life and Property in the Lower Yellow River Under Different Floodplain Management Modes

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engineering 2025年

作者： Cheng, Yifei Xia, Junqiang Fang, Hongwei Zhou, Meirong Zhou, Zuhao Lu, Jun Li, Dongyang Falconer, Roger A. Bai, Yuchuan State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China State Key Laboratory Hydroscience & Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Ocean Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basins China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing10048 China Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd. Zhengzhou450000 China Henan Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd. Zhengzhou450000 China Hydro-environmental Research Centre School of Engineering Cardiff University CardiffCF24 3AA United Kingdom Yangtze Institute Conservation and Development Hohai University Nanjing210024 China State Key Laboratory Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction Tianjin University Tianjin300350 China

Quantification of river flood risks is a prerequisite for floodplain management and development. The lower Yellow River (LYR) is characterized by a complex channel–floodplain system, which is prone to flooding but inhabits a large population on the floodplains. Many floodplain management modes have been presented, but implementation effects of these management modes have not been evaluated correctly. An integrated model was first proposed to evaluate the flood risks to people's life and property, covering an improved module of two-dimensional (2D) morphodynamic processes and a module of flood risk evaluation for people, buildings and crops on the floodplains. Two simulation cases were then conducted to validate the model accuracy, including the hyperconcentrated flood event and dike-breach induced flood event occurring in the LYR. Finally, the integrated model was applied to key floodplains in the LYR, and the effects of different floodplain management modes were quantified on the risks to people's life and property under an extreme flood event. Results indicate that: ① satisfactory accuracy was achieved in the simulation of these two flood events. The maximum sediment concentration was just underestimated by 9%, and the simulated inundation depth agreed well with the field record;② severe inundation was predicted to occur in most domains under the current topography (Scheme I), which would be alleviated after implementing different floodplain management modes, with the area in slight inundation degree accounting for a large proportion under the mode of "construction of protection embankment" (Scheme II) and the area in medium inundation degree occupying a high ratio under the mode of "floodplain partition harnessing" (Scheme III);and ③ compared with Scheme I, the high-risk area for people's life and property would reduce by 21%–49% under Scheme II, and by 35%–93% under Scheme III. © 2025 THE AUTHORS

关键词： Rivers

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An Energy-Efficient Solution to Sludge Drying and Combustion Process Through Camellia Oleifera Shells Amended Foaming

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhao, Cheng Huang, Jing Yang, Zhaohui Huang, Zhongliang Li, Changzhu Li, Hui Wu, Zijian Zhang, Xuan Qin, Xiaoli Yao, Shirong Ruan, Min School of Energy and Power Engineering Changsha University of Science & Technology Changsha410076 China State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource Hunan Academy of Forestry Hunan Changsha410004 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha410082 China

Foaming pretreatment has been proved to be effective in promoting sludge drying, however, the variation of sludge properties significantly influences the foaming efficiency. Inspired by foam stabilizer of solid particles, Camellia oleifera shells (COS) was screened out from various biomasses as its potential on promoting the sludge foaming. For the introduce of COS, this study analyzed the drying behaviors of foamed sludge, quantified the surface cracks information, characterized the combustion performance, and evaluated the energy consumption. The results indicated that about 50% of time could be saved in foaming the sludge to 0.70 g/mL by addition of 3.0 wt% COS. Compared with the original sludge (OS), the 0.70 g/mL foamed sludge saved 47.43% of time for sludge drying at 80 oC, and this value further increased to 53.14% with 3.0 wt% COS addition. Combining the multifractal spectra and drying kinetics analysis, the foaming promoted the formation of complex surface cracks in the warm-up period, while COS further improved the complexity of cracks in the constant rate period, and the shrinkage of isolated sludge blocks in the falling rate period, thus enhanced the moisture diffusion and heat transfer. Furthermore, the appropriate porous structure and additional volatile matters promoted the combustion performance. The 0.90 g/mL foamed sludge with COS presented the lowest activation energy of 180.362 kJ/mol in combustion. Overall, compared with OS, the 0.70 g/mL foamed sludge with COS saved 40.65% energy consumption in the foaming, drying and combustion process, which provided an energy-efficient solution for the sludge treatment and disposal. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Mechanistic Insights into Sulfate and Phosphate Mediated the Dissolution of Nano-Zero-Valent Iron Wrapped by Tea Polyphenols for Hexavalent Chromium Removal

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Du, Changsheng Xu, Nan Yao, Zihan Gao, Yuxi Peng, Lei Zhao, Jiating School of Environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzdshou 215009 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou215009 China Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Water chromium (Cr) contamination is prevalent due to the rapid development of industry, thus making it urgent in toxic hexavalent Cr(VI) removal from wastewater with efficient methods. Green tea polyphenols (TPs) wrapped nano-zero-valent iron (GT-nZVI) has great potential in the removal of most Cr(VI). Here, the ubiquitous sulfate and phosphate in water were proved to play important roles in controlling the Cr (VI) removal efficiency. In specific, sulfate in wastewater could promote Cr (VI) removal by GT-nZVI as sulfate favors Fe(II) release and TPs dissolution from GT-nZVI surface thereby facilitating the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). When phosphate coexisted in the water, Cr (VI) removal by GT-nZVI declined from 88.9 to 72.4 mg g −1 coupled with the gradually enlarged sizes of GT-nZVI particles, as the molar ratio of phosphate/sulfate in water increased from 0.1 to 10. This change was associated with the depressed pseudo-second-order rate constant for Cr (VI) removal of 0.00083−0.00081 g mg −1 min −1 . Mechanically speaking, the predominant inhibition of phosphate on GT-nZVI dissolution was stronger than of sulfate promotion due to the inner-sphere adsorption complexation of phosphate on GT-nZVI. X-ray absorption near-edge spectra (XANES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that the dominant Cr(OH) 3 initially generated before the Cr 2 O 3 formation on GT-nZVI after reacting with Cr(VI). In particular, sulfate favors the conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(OH) 3 by GT-nZVI, while phosphate significantly inhibited Cr 2 O 3 production, therefore decreasing Cr(VI) reduction. This study furnishes new insights into applying GT-nZVI in efficient Cr(VI) removal via mediating the sulfate and phosphate conditions in contaminated water. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sulfur compounds

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Simultaneous Removal of Phosphorus and Organic Matter in Municipal Tail Water Enhanced by Fe2+/S2O82- System: Parameter Optimization, Efficiency, Mechanism

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Gao, Yaoyao Kong, Xiangji Huang, Xiao Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environment Assessment and Pollution Control Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China Nanjing210042 China Shenzhen518055 China

The simultaneous removal of phosphorus (TP) and organic matter is a very ingenious process and has attracted much attention. A Fe2+/S2O82- system was constructed to advanced treat TP and organic matter in sewage. The influencing factors and degradation mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the parameters of Fe2+/P and S2O82-/Fe2+ were optimized to be 5 and 4, respectively. The molar ratio of S2O82-/Fe2+ was 4, the removal performance of TP and target oriented curriculum (TOC) was the best, and the increase of temperature was beneficial to the removal of TP and TOC. The precipitate in the secondary effluent was mainly ferric phosphate. The TP removal mechanism lied in the removal by the formation of Fe4(PO4)3(OH)3 precipitation. And protein macromolecular organic matter is degraded into small molecular organic matter such as methane (CH4) for subsequent use as a high-quality carbon source. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Degradation

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Effect of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups at Swcnt on the Formation of Sodium and Lithium Dendrites

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Cai, Bihai Li, Mengting Zhou, Junhui Tan, Li Li, Didi Ao, Zhimin Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety Green Development The Ministry of Education School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology Beijing Normal University Zhuhai Campus Zhuhai519087 China Chongqing 2D Materials Institution Chongqing400714 China

To realize high-performance and safe metal anodes for rechargeable Na/Li metal batteries, Na/Li dendrites formation on various oxygen-containing groups (-COOH, -OH, -CO, -COO, -O-) decorated SWCNTs (O-SWCNTs) were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. O-SWCNTs promote Na/Li adsorption compared with intrinsic SWCNT. The adsorption strength of Na/Li on different O-SWCNTs depends on the electronegativity of the active O and the O-SWCNTs with C=O exhibit better Na/Li affinity than others. The result shows that only OH-SWCNT can serve as a promising current collector for the development of dendrite-free Na or Li metal batteries due to its relatively weak attraction for Na/Li. On the other O-SWCNTs, Na and Li dendrites can be formed through Na-O-Na and Li-O-Li respectively. Therefore, dendrite-free carbon nanotubes collector can be achieved by regulating the oxygen-containing groups on its surface. Overall, this work brings new inspiration to the preparation of collectors to avoid dendrite growth. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Density functional theory

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Correction: Highly efficient construction of hollow Co–Nx nanocube cage dispersion implanted with porous carbonized nanofibers for Li–O2 batteries

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Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2022年第7期10卷 3820-3821页

作者： Lichong Peng Yaxin Sun Shiquan Guo Congju Li School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants Beijing China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Engineering Research Center in Universities of Beijing Beijing China

Correction for ‘Highly efficient construction of hollow Co–Nx nanocube cage dispersion implanted with porous carbonized nanofibers for Li–O2 batteries’ by Lichong Peng et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 740–751...

Correction for ‘Highly efficient construction of hollow Co–N_x nanocube cage dispersion implanted with porous carbonized nanofibers for Li–O₂ batteries’ by Lichong Peng et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 740–751, DOI: 10.1039/D1TA09008A.

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Measurement of tropospheric HO_(2) radical using fluorescence assay by gas expansion with low interferences

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Journal of environmental sciences 2021年第1期33卷 40-50页

作者： Yihui Wang Renzhi Hu Pinhua Xie Hao Chen Fengyang Wang Xiaoyan Liu JianGuo Liu Wenqing Liu School of Enuironmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of optics and Fine MechanicsChineseAcademy of SciencesHefei 230031AnhuiChina CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Enuvironment Institute of Urban EnuironmentChineseAcademy of SciencesXiamen 361000FujianChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049BeijingChina College of Mechanical Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009jiangsuChina College of Pharmacy Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032AnhuiChina

An instrument to detect atmospheric HO_(2) radicals using fluorescence assay by gas expansion(FAGE)technique has been ***_(2) is measured by reaction with NO to form OH and subsequent detection of OH by laser-induced fluorescence at low *** system performance has been improved by optimizing the expansion distance and pressure,the influence factors of HO_(2) conversion efficiency are also *** interferences of RO_(2) radicals were investigated by determining the conversion efficiency of RO_(2) to OH during the measurement of HO_(2).The dependence of the conversion of HO_(2) on NO concentration was investigated,and low HO_(2) conversion efficiency was selected to realize the ambient HO_(2) measurement,where the conversion efficiency of RO_(2) derived by propane,ethene,isoprene and methanol to OH has been reduced to less than 6%in the ***,no significant interferences from PM_(2.5) and NO were found in the ambient HO_(2) *** detection limits for HO_(2)(S/N=2)are estimated to 4.8×10^5 cm^-3 and 1.1×10^6 cm^-3(ρHO_(2)=20%)under night and noon conditions,with 60 sec signal integration *** instrument was successfully deployed during STORM-2018 field campaign at Shenzhen graduate school of Peking *** concentration of atmospheric HOx radical and the good correlation of OH with j(O1D)was obtained *** diurnal variation of HOx concentration shows that the OH maximum concentration of those days is about 5.3×10^6 cm^-3 appearing around 12:00,while the HO_(2) maximum concentration is about 4.2×10^8 cm^-3 appearing around 13:30.

关键词： HO_(2) radical FAGE Interference environmental measurement

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Three-Dimensional Charge Carrier Transport Channel Enhanced Photocatalytic H2o2 Production in Pure Water Over G-C3n4

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ma, Jun Gou, Shuyuan Wang, Chuan Gong, Zehan Wang, Qian Li, Xiaoting Chen, Xianjie Wang, Jun Zhu, Yongfa College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu610068 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environmental and Biological Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang621010 China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Photocatalytic H2O2 generation over polymeric carbon nitride (g-C3N4) always suffers from the easy recombination of charge carriers. Herein, g-C3N4 with three-dimensional charge carriers transport channel was constructed to facilitate charge carrier transport and separation through introducing cyano group in the intralayer and doping alkali metals between the interlayer as well. The optimum H2O2 accumulation concentration reached 164.60 µM under visible-light irradiation for 3 h in pure water with a formation rate constant of 160.90 uM h-1, being 17.2 times higher than the pristine g-C3N4. The apparent quantum yield reached 14.52% at 420 nm, exceeding most of the metal-free catalysts reported to date. The significantly improved photocatalytic performance was ascribed to the 3.2-fold higher charge carrier transport and separation efficiency. Therefore, our present work would pave the way for the design of catalysts with fluent transport channels of charge carriers © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rate constants

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