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M2IST: Multi-Modal Interactive Side-Tuning for Efficient Referring Expression Comprehension

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and systems for Video Technology 2025年

作者： Liu, Xuyang Liu, Ting Huang, Siteng Xin, Yi Hu, Yue Qin, Long Wang, Donglin Wu, Yuanyuan Chen, Honggang Sichuan University College of Electronics and Information Engineering Chengdu610065 China National University of Defense Technology College of Systems Engineering Changsha410072 China Westlake University School of Engineering Hangzhou310030 China Nanjing University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing210000 China Chengdu610059 China Yunnan University Yunnan Key Laboratory of Software Engineering Kunming650600 China

Referring expression comprehension (REC) is a vision-language task to locate a target object in an image based on a language expression. Fully fine-tuning general-purpose pre-trained vision-language foundation models for REC yields impressive performance but becomes increasingly costly. Parameter-efficient transfer learning (PETL) methods have shown strong performance with fewer tunable parameters. However, directly applying PETL to REC faces two challenges: (1) insufficient multi-modal interaction between pre-trained vision-language foundation models, and (2) high GPU memory usage due to gradients passing through the heavy vision-language foundation models. To this end, we present M2IST: Multi-Modal Interactive Side-Tuning with M3ISAs: Mixture of Multi-Modal Interactive Side-Adapters. During fine-tuning, we fix the pre-trained uni-modal encoders and update M3ISAs to enable efficient vision-language alignment for REC. Empirical results reveal that M2IST achieves better performance-efficiency trade-off than full fine-tuning and other PETL methods, requiring only 2.11% tunable parameters, 39.61% GPU memory, and 63.46% training time while maintaining competitive performance. Our code is released at https://***/xuyang-liu16/M2IST. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Visual languages

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Adaptive Cooperative Estimation and Guidance Against Unknown Maneuvering Target

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IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic systems 2025年

作者： Liu, Tianrun Chen, Yang-Yang Li, Shihua Southeast University School of Automation Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of Education Nanjing210096 China Advanced Ocean Institute of Southeast University Nantong226000 China

A critical challenge in missile guidance is the frequent inaccessibility of essential target information by on-board seekers. This paper studies the three-dimensional cooperative guidance issue of multiple missiles simultaneously attacking an unknown maneuvering target. Different from most existing research, the pitch and yaw lead angles of a maneuvering target are entirely unknown, while the position and velocity information is only accessible to neighboring missiles. An adaptive distributed estimator is designed to estimate the target information over a directed communication network, generating a transmitted target with similar maneuverability to the actual target for each missile. Boundedness of the estimation errors are guaranteed within a prescribed time. Subsequently, a modified guidance law that integrates proportional navigation (PN) and coordination components is developed for simultaneously tracking the trajectories of the transmitted targets. The superiority of the developed adaptive cooperative estimation and guidance approach is confirmed through simulations. © 1965-2011 IEEE.

关键词： adaptive estimate Cooperative guidance maneuvering target prescribed-time three-dimensional

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Generating Targeted Universal Adversarial Perturbation against Automatic Speech Recognition via Phoneme Tailoring

Generating Targeted Universal Adversarial Perturbation again...

引用

2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Zhang, Yujun Chen, Yanqu Wang, Jiakai Hu, Jin Tao, Renshuai Liu, Xianglong State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment Beihang University China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University China College of Computer Science Beijing University of Technology China Zhongguancun Laboratory China School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University China Institute of Data Space Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

There is a growing concern about adversarial attacks against automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Although research into targeted universal adversarial examples (AEs) has progressed, current methods are constrained by inefficient exploitation of audio features, demonstrating insufficient attack ability and robustness in the physical world. To solve this problem, we propose a phoneme-tailored attack (PTA) to improve the quality of the generated AEs. Specifically, to improve attack ability, we propose a Diverse Audio Composition Enrichment method, which enhances the utilization of audio features through phoneme-level slicing and recombination. To adapt AEs to complex environments, we propose a Natural Noise Pattern Guidance method to align AEs with natural noise patterns to improve their robustness. Experiments show that our method achieves an average accuracy of more than 72.34% and 98% with and without a norm constraint, and also demonstrates excellent performance in terms of generalization across datasets and resilience to MP3 compression. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Automatic speech recognition natural noise pattern phoneme-level targeted universal adversarial examples

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Robust Control Analysis With Model Transformation for Interval Type-2 Fuzzy systems

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IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy systems 2025年

作者： Yang, Jie Gai, Shaoyan Da, Feipeng Xie, Wenbo Southeast University School of Automation Nanjing210096 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Nanjing210096 China Shanghai University and Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai200444 China

To address the problem of robust stability analysis for interval type-2 fuzzy systems (IT2FSs), this paper proposes an innovative analysis approach based on model transformation. Firstly, a classical piecewise linear approximation method is utilized to process the upper boundary membership functions (UMFs) and lower boundary membership functions (LMFs) of the footprint of uncertainty (FOU) in IT2FSs, resulting in linear boundary membership functions (MFs) that are more convenient for analysis, along with the corresponding approximation error functions. Subsequently, a novel error model transformation method is introduced to handle these error terms. By constructing new fuzzy rules and MFs, the boundary error terms are converted into a new fuzzy model, thereby incorporating more information about the error functions into the stability analysis. Based on this model, a robust stability condition in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are derived, achieving improved robustness. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulations on real-world systems, and its superiority is demonstrated by comparison with existing methods. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Membership functions

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Estimation of Metro Passenger Capacity Based on Passenger-Train Matching Model 3rd

Estimation of Metro Passenger Capacity Based on Passenger-Tr...

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3rd International Conference on Information Control, Electrical engineering, and Rail Transit, ICEERT 2023

作者： Mei, Zhenkun Chen, Beijia Liu, Jiajun Shao, Jiayu Zhang, Ning Suzhou Rail Transit Group Co. Ltd. Jiangsu Suzhou215004 China School of Automation Southeast University Jiangsu Nanjing210096 China Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Engineering Systems Ministry of Education Southeast University Jiangsu Nanjing210096 China ITS Engineering Research Center Ministry of Education Southeast University Jiangsu Nanjing211189 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819788903

In the present scenario of the ‘one-tapin-one-tapout’ operation mode in urban rail transportation, determining passenger travel trajectories is challenging, thereby decreasing the effective counting of passengers on trains. In order to address this issue, a method for calculating passenger capacity on trains was developed by analyzing passenger travel information extracted from AFC data and train timetables. First, this research estimated the components of journey time to infer and reconstruct the passenger's specific spatiotemporal travel trajectory. The passenger-train matching model was then used to assign passengers to specific trains and calculate the passenger load of different trains at each station. At last, it took Suzhou Metro Line 3 as an example and analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution of urban rail transit passenger flow on a single line based on the proposed passenger-train model. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Urban transportation

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Diffusion-4K: Ultra-High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Jinjin Huang, Qiuyu Liu, Junjie Guo, Xiefan Huang, Di State Key Laboratory of Complex and Critical Software Environment Beihang University Beijing100191 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Meituan China

In this paper, we present Diffusion-4K, a novel framework for direct ultra-high-resolution image synthesis using text-to-image diffusion models. The core advancements include: (1) Aesthetic-4K Benchmark: addressing the absence of a publicly available 4K image synthesis dataset, we construct Aesthetic-4K, a comprehensive benchmark for ultra-high-resolution image generation. We curated a high-quality 4K dataset with carefully selected images and captions generated by GPT-4o. Additionally, we introduce GLCM Score and Compression Ratio metrics to evaluate fine details, combined with holistic measures such as FID, Aesthetics and CLIPScore for a comprehensive assessment of ultra-high-resolution images. (2) Wavelet-based Fine-tuning: we propose a wavelet-based fine-tuning approach for direct training with photorealistic 4K images, applicable to various latent diffusion models, demonstrating its effectiveness in synthesizing highly detailed 4K images. Consequently, Diffusion-4K achieves impressive performance in high-quality image synthesis and text prompt adherence, especially when powered by modern large-scale diffusion models (e.g., SD3-2B and Flux-12B). Extensive experimental results from our benchmark demonstrate the superiority of Diffusion-4K in ultra-high-resolution image synthesis. Code is available at https://***/zhang0jhon/diffusion-4k. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Comprehensive Modeling and Dynamic Stiffness Analysis of an Electromechanical Fin-Actuator System Considering Multiple Nonlinear Couplings

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Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics 2025年第6期29卷

作者： Cao, DongXing Zhou, YiWei Zhou, XinXing Gao, Chi Guo, XiangYing Liu, CaiShan Zhang, Zhong Beijing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Vibrations and Strength of Mechanical Structures Department of Mechanics Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Key Laboratory of Reliability and Environment Engineering Technology Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering Beijing100076 China

Electromechanical actuators play a crucial role in diverse engineering and physics fields, particularly in the aerospace and automotive industries. Their dynamic characteristics significantly affect the aeroelastic behavior of fins, especially regarding the flutter boundary. Nevertheless, ascertaining the dynamic characteristics of these actuators requires navigating the intricate interactions of multiple linear and nonlinear components. This study introduces a high-fidelity dynamic model designed to effectively address the complexities inherent in an electromechanical fin-actuator system. The model incorporates essential nonlinear elements, such as friction torque and dynamic backlash, along with fundamental components like the gear reducer, ball screw, transmission fork, and servomotor. To clarify these complex interactions, advanced models, namely, the LuGre model, the Bai model (an enhanced version of the Flores model), and the Kahraman model—are integrated into our framework. A comparative analysis is conducted between this complex nonlinear model and a simpler linear counterpart. This comparison is facilitated by rigorous numerical simulations that employ stepped frequency sweeping across various parameter configurations. The findings reveal that the dynamic stiffness characteristics of the fin shaft are markedly complicated under the combined effects of numerous nonlinear factors. Specifically, nonlinear friction originating from the friction ring diminishes response amplitude and seemingly augments the dynamic stiffness of the actuator due to reduced deflections under loads. Conversely, increased clearance among components can lead to a decrement in the dynamic stiffness amplitude of the actuator. ©2025 by ASME.

关键词： Ball screws

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Design of Distributed Nonlinear Observers Without Using Global Inputs

引用

IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2025年

作者： Cao, Ganghui Wang, Jinzhi Polycarpou, Marios M. Peking University State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science College of Engineering Beijing100871 China University of Cyprus KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nicosia1678 Cyprus

This paper investigates the design of distributed observers for a class of nonlinear systems. The designed distributed observers reside in a network of sensor nodes. The communication links in the network enable each sensor node to estimate all states of the nonlinear system, even though each one can only collect a small portion of the system's outputs. However, all inputs of the system are still needed at each node to carry out a correct state estimation. For this problem, the paper further proposes a distributed nonlinear observer without using global inputs, in which each sensor node only needs partial input information of the nonlinear system. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Nonlinear simulations

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Micro-macro Wavelet-based Gaussian Splatting for 3D Reconstruction from Unconstrained Images

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Yihui Lv, Chengxin Yang, Hongyu Huang, Di State Key Laboratory of Complex and Critical Software Environment Beijing China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University China School of Artificial Intelligence Beihang University China Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Shanghai China

3D reconstruction from unconstrained image collections presents substantial challenges due to varying appearances and transient occlusions. In this paper, we introduce Micro-macro Wavelet-based Gaussian Splatting (MW-GS), a novel approach designed to enhance 3D reconstruction by disentangling scene representations into global, refined, and intrinsic components. The proposed method features two key innovations: Micro-macro Projection, which allows Gaussian points to capture details from feature maps across multiple scales with enhanced diversity;and Wavelet-based Sampling, which leverages frequency domain information to refine feature representations and significantly improve the modeling of scene appearances. Additionally, we incorporate a Hierarchical Residual Fusion Network to seamlessly integrate these features. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MW-GS delivers state-of-the-art rendering performance, surpassing existing methods. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： 3D reconstruction

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Non-contact video-based vital signs continuous monitor for uncontrained conscious rodents

引用

IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第10期25卷 16628-16639页

作者： He, Yuke Gao, Tong Lv, Yong Zhang, Jingjing China University of Geoscienceis Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration Ministry of Education School of Automation Wuhan430074 China

Animal experiments should minimize pain and discomfort and maximize animal welfare to satisfy the experimental animal 3R principle. The quality of vital signs monitor results collected from conscious and stress-free rodents is superior, ensuring experimental data's reliability, accuracy, and scientificity. This work proposes a non-contact video-based vital signs continuous monitoring method for uncontrained conscious rodents. Firstly, rodents are tracked using keypoint detection, and Regions of Interest (ROI) on the rodents are selected based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) distribution of vital signs. Secondly, corner motion within the ROI region is tracked to synthesize skin pulsations, from which respiratory signals are extracted. Finally, a method is proposed to eliminate the influence of respiratory harmonics, thereby removing respiratory interference and extracting the heart rate. Four rats and four mice were used to measure the performance of the proposed method. This work is the first to use a camera to continuously monitor the heart rate of unrestrained and conscious rodents. Compared with the ground truth (semi-implantable electrocardiogram), the relative heart rate (HR) error was 1.86 ± 0.82% and 1.20 ± 0.33% for rats and mice, respectively. This method is used for uncontrained conscious rodents and has high applicability, allowing it to be used in various experimental environments and conditions. At the same time, this work contributes to the development of new methods for continuously and objectively evaluating animal welfare, thereby promoting the development of modern biomedical and ethical research. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Invertebrates

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