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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jing, Tao Li, Yao Ye, Jingzhou Wang, Jie Wang, Xueqiang School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China JinYinHu Laboratory China University of Central Florida United States Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China

In recent years, major privacy laws like the GDPR have brought about positive changes. However, challenges remain in enforcing the laws, particularly due to under-resourced regulators facing a large number of potential privacy-violating software applications (apps) and the high costs of investigating them. Since 2019, China has launched a series of privacy enforcement campaigns known as Special Privacy Rectification Campaigns (SPRCs) to address widespread privacy violations in its mobile application (app) ecosystem. Unlike the enforcement of the GDPR, SPRCs are characterized by large-scale privacy reviews and strict sanctions, under the strong control of central authorities. In SPRCs, central government authorities issue administrative orders to mobilize various resources for market-wide privacy reviews of mobile apps. They enforce strict sanctions by requiring privacy-violating apps to rectify issues within a short timeframe or face removal from app stores. While there are a few reports on SPRCs, the effectiveness and potential problems of this campaign-style privacy enforcement approach remain unclear to the community. In this study, we conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with app-related engineers involved in SPRCs to better understand the campaign-style privacy enforcement. Based on the interviews, we reported our findings on a variety of aspects of SPRCs, such as the processes that app engineers regularly follow to achieve privacy compliance in SPRCs, the challenges they encounter, the solutions they adopt to address these challenges, and the impacts of SPRCs, etc. We found that app engineers face a series of challenges in achieving privacy compliance in their apps. For example, they receive inconsistent app privacy review reports from multiple app stores and have difficulties confirming the issues flagged by these reports;they also lack institutional support for studying privacy laws, self-validating privacy compliance of their apps, communicating effectiv

关键词： Differential privacy

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LSU-NET: LIGHTWEIGHT AUTOMATIC ORGANS SEGMENTATION NETWORK FOR MEDICAL IMAGES

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ding, Yujie Teng, Shenghua Li, Zuoyong Chen, Xiao College of Electronic and Information Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing and Intelligent Control School of Computer and Big Data Minjiang University Fuzhou350121 China

UNet and its variants have widespread applications in medical image segmentation. However, the substantial number of parameters and computational complexity of these models make them less suitable for use in clinical settings with limited computational resources. To address this limitation, we propose a novel Lightweight Shift U-Net (LSU-Net). We integrate the Light Conv Block and the Tokenized Shift Block in a lightweight manner, combining them with a dynamic weight multi-loss design for efficient dynamic weight allocation. The Light Conv Block effectively captures features with a low parameter count by combining standard convolutions with depthwise separable convolutions. The Tokenized Shift Block optimizes feature representation by shifting and capturing deep features through a combination of the Spatial Shift Block and depthwise separable convolutions. Dynamic adjustment of the loss weights at each layer approaches the optimal solution and enhances training stability. We validated LSU-Net on the UWMGI and MSD Colon datasets, and experimental results demonstrate that LSU-Net outperforms most state-of-the-art segmentation architectures. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolution

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IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 2025年

作者： Xue, Xingsi Mei, Yi Zhao, Baozhong Zhang, Mengjie Fujian University of Technology Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications Fujian Fuzhou350118 China Victoria University of Wellington School of Engineering and Computer Science Wellington6140 New Zealand Taiyuan University of Technology School of Electrical and Power Engineering Shanxi Taiyuan030024 China

Ontology is a kernel technique of the semantic web, which defines concepts, properties, and their relationships to establish a shared understanding of domain knowledge. Ontology matching identifies semantically similar entities across different ontologies, which uses similarity features to measure their similarity from different perspectives. However, due to the complexity of the entity heterogeneity, no single similarity feature is universally effective. In recent years, genetic algorithms have proven effective in constructing similarity features for ontology matching, but their potential is limited by the reliance on default classification strategies, empirical determination of the number of high-level features, the requirement for manually selecting, combining these features, and tuning the associated combination parameters. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a multi-layer hybrid genetic programming approach to automatically construct high-level similarity features. This approach includes three novel components. First, a new multi-layer individual representation is designed, which faciliates the algorithm to adaptively explore the search space of constructing high-level similarity features. Second, to enhance the search effectiveness, a new initialization method and a mutation operator are developed, which use a weight-based strategy to adaptively select and construct a more diverse set of similarity features. Third, a compact genetic algorithm-based optimizer is designed to refine the tree structures of elite individuals. The experimental results on the ontology alignment evaluation initiative's benchmark show that our algorithm can generate high-quality ontology matching results across various matching tasks, significantly outperforming the state-of-the-art ontology matching methods. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Out-of-Distribution Fault Diagnosis of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems Based on Orthogonal Anchor Clustering With Adaptive Balance

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 2025年 3卷 48-60页

作者： Liu, Ruonan Hu, Puyuan Zhao, Siheng Sun, Zhijian Han, Te Pang, Zhibo Zhang, Weidong Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Automation Shanghai200240 China National Key Laboratory of Marine Engine Science and Technology Shanghai201108 China Crossocean of Suzhou Technology Suzhou215121 China Beijing Institute of Technology Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research School of Management Beijing100081 China ABB Corporate Research Sweden Department of Automation Technology Vasteras722 26 Sweden KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of Intelligent Systems Stockholm114 28 Sweden Henan University Henan Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing School of Computer and Information Engineering Kaifeng475001 China Shanghai Jiaotong University Department of Automation Shanghai200240 China

Given the critical role of rotating machinery in industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPS), ensuring their reliable operation is essential for the stability and safety of ICPS. Deep neural networks have demonstrated competitive results for intelligent fault diagnosis, which are usually trained via the historical data of all fault modes. However, in real engineering, it is usually difficult to collect samples and exhaust all failures during the training stage. As a result, out-of-distribution fault diagnosis (OOD-FD) becomes a more realistic problem that requires the methods to not only accurately diagnose the known faults, but also effectively recognize unknown ones. Therefore, a novel orthogonal anchor clustering with focal attention (FA-OAC) is proposed in this paper for OOD-FD. Firstly, an orthogonal anchor clustering (OAC) algorithm is proposed to fix the class center of each fault mode orthogonally and distinguish the known and unknown faults at the class level. Then, because the identifiability of different fault modes changes a lot in OOD-FD, the focal attention mechanism is applied to dynamically adjust the attention to different fault modes according to the distance loss of OAC, thus addressing the identifiability imbalance problem. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, different OOD-FD tasks are designed based on two rotating machinery datasets. The experimental results and comparison with state-of-the-art fault diagnosis methods have demonstrated that the proposed method has improved the OOD-FD performance greatly and therefore provides an effective tool in real engineering. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Rotating machinery

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Spatio-temporal Dynamics and Drivers of Ecological Quality in Yulin City Using the MRSEI Model

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2025年第2期16卷 340-355页

作者： MU Weichen HE Zhilin CHEN Yanglong GAO Dongkai YUE Tianming QIN Fen College of Geographical Sciences Faculty of Geographical Science and EngineeringHenan UniversityZhengzhou450046China Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions Ministry of EducationHenan UniversityKaifengHenan 475004China Henan Industrial Technology Academy of Spatio-Temporal Big Data Henan UniversityKaifengHenan 475004China Henan Technology Innovation Center of Spatial-Temporal Big Data Henan UniversityZhengzhou 450046China.

Urbanization has resulted in growing ecological pressures on cities,necessitating assessments of urban ecological ***-term characterization of regional dynamics and drivers is critical for environmental *** study proposes an enhanced ecological quality model(MRSEI)incorporating vegetation cover and EVI rather than just *** MRSEI model was applied to analyse ecological quality in Yulin City during 2000-2018 using Landsat TM/OLI data on Google Earth *** detectors also quantified anthropo-genic and environmental influences on the study *** results are summarized as follows:(1)MRSEI showed an average correlation coefficient of 0.840 with other indices,demonstrating higher representativeness than indi-vidual *** principal component analysis indicated a 12.88%increase in explained *** also exhibited significantly improved identification of roads,villages,and unused lands over RSEI,better matching ground conditions,and suitability for regional ecological assessment.(2)During 2000-2020,the average MRSEI in Yulin City was 0.481,peaking at 0.518 in 2018,indicating general ecological improvement over ***,conditions were better in the southeast than *** 38.81%of the area showed significant improvement,10.15%exhibited significant deterioration,concentrated in western Dingbian and Jingbian counties,highlighting areas requiring enhanced protection.(3)Ecological conditions in Yulin City remained stable over ***-high clusters were concentrated in eastern counties(Qingjian,Wubao,Jia,Fugu)and central lower-altitude areas near Yokoyama and ***-low clusters predominated in the northern Yuyang desert and high-altitude western Dingbian regions.(4)Enhanced vegetation cover had the greatest influence in improving Yulin’s ecological *** was the most impactful environmental driver,while precipitation and land use change interactions showed the strongest combined *** cont

关键词： Google Earth Engine improved remote sensing-based ecological indicator temporal and spatial variation geographical detector

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End-to-end MPI image reconstruction with dual-task generative adversarial network

End-to-end MPI image reconstruction with dual-task generativ...

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Medical Imaging 2025: Image Processing

作者： Zhao, Jing Liu, Xinyi Gao, Yuanzhao An, Yu Tian, Jie Zhang, Hui School of Engineering Medicine Beihang University Beijing100191 China Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology Ministry of Education Beihang University Beijing China Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China Beihang University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510685901

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is an emerging technology utilized for mapping the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles within biological tissues. The complexity of the physical behavior of nanoparticles poses a challenge to directly reconstructing images from signals received by MPI devices. High-quality image reconstruction is crucial in MPI applications. Here, we propose a new dual-task generative network to achieve high-quality MPI image reconstruction. In this model, the generator simultaneously undertakes MPI image segmentation and end-to-end MPI image reconstruction tasks. The image reconstruction is the main task of the generator, which generates images that closely approximate ground truth through adversarial strategies to deceive the discriminator. The image segmentation serves as the auxiliary task, guiding the main task to focus on key areas and boundary regions during the generation process. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt to perform feature sharing on the synthesis and the segmentation of MPI images in medical image analysis. Our method outperforms existing calibration methods on OpenMPI dataset and simulation dataset. Our study verified that the generalization ability of the proposed dual-task model outperforms the previous MPI reconstruction methods using single-task model as well as traditional MPI reconstruction methods. Our experimental results also demonstrated that MPI reconstruction task and the segmentation task significantly promote each other. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Orange-red emitting Ca3Gd2Si3O12:Sm3+ phosphors with high thermal stability for WLED applications

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1031卷

作者： Zhang, Yanzhi Cui, Ruirui Guo, Xiang Zhang, Jun Deng, Chaoyong Key Laboratory of Functional Composite Materials of Guizhou Province College of Big Data and Information Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang550025 China College of Computer and Information Engineering Guizhou University of Commerce Guiyang550014 China

In recent years, WLEDs as a new generation of lighting technology have attracted more and more attention, while commercial WLEDs on the market still suffer from low color rendering index and poor heat resistance due to the lack of red components. In this study, Ca3Gd2Si3O12: xSm3+ orange-red phosphor was successfully prepared using high-temperature solid-phase synthesis with excellent thermal stability, in which Ca3Gd2Si3O12: 0.03Sm3+ phosphor maintained an initial strength of 93.12 % at 423 K, and the activation energy ΔE was approximately equal to 0.1608 eV. In addition, the fluorescence lifetime of this phosphor was 1.3856 ms and the internal quantum efficiency was 28.07 %. In the practical application exploration, the white light-emitting diode prepared with Ca3Gd2Si3O12: 0.03Sm3+ phosphor performed well with a Ra value of 92.7 and a CCT of 4452 K, which can provide a comfortable lighting environment. Stability tests also confirmed its potential for lighting applications. In addition, we have used the sample with the best performance for the preparation of anti-counterfeit ink. This application expansion not only enriches the application scenarios of Ca3Gd2Si3O12: Sm3+ phosphor, but also reconfirms its broad application prospects in many fields. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Fluorescence

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Semantic and Emotional Dual Channel for Emotion Recognition in Conversation

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IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 2025年

作者： Yang, Zhenyu Zhang, Zhibo Cheng, Yuhu Zhang, Tong Wang, Xuesong Jinan250353 China Shandong Engineering Research Center of Big Data Applied Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Technology Jinan250353 China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security Jinan250353 China China University of Mining and Technology Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space Ministry of Education Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data School of Information and Control Engineering Xuzhou221116 China South China University of Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Cyberspace Information School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangzhou510006 China Pazhou Lab Guangzhou510335 China Engineering Research Center Ministry of Education on Health Intelligent Perception and Paralleled Digital-Human Guangzhou China

Emotion recognition in conversation (ERC) aims at accurately identifying emotional states expressed in conversational content. Existing ERC methods, although relying on semantic understanding, often encounter challenges when confronted with incomplete or misleading semantic information. In addition, when dealing with the interaction between emotional and semantic information, existing methods are often difficult to effectively distinguish the complex relationship between the two, which affects the accuracy of emotion recognition. To address the problems of semantic misdirection and emotional cross-talk encountered by traditional models when confronted with complex conversational data, we propose a semantic and emotional dual channel (SEDC) strategy for emotion recognition in conversations to process emotional and semantic information independently. Under this strategy, emotion information provides an auxiliary recognition function when the semantics are unclear or lacking, enhancing the accuracy of the model. Our model consists of two modules: the emotion processing module accurately captures the emotional features of each utterance through contrastive learning, and then constructs a dialogue emotion propagation map to simulate the emotional information conveyed in the dialogue;the semantic processing module combines an external knowledge base to enhance the semantic expression of the dialogue through knowledge enhancement strategies. This divide-and-conquer approach allows us to more deeply analyze the emotional and semantic dimensions of complex dialogues. Experimental results on the IEMOCAP, EmoryNLP, MELD, and DailyDialog datasets show that our approach significantly outperforms existing techniques and effectively improves the accuracy of dialogue emotion recognition. Our code is available at https://***/r/SEDC-FCF1. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Diffusion-Based mmWave Radar Point Cloud Enhancement Driven by Range Images

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wu, Ruixin Li, Zihan Wang, Jin Xu, Xiangyu Yu, Huan Zheng, Zhi Huang, Kaixiang Lu, Guodong The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Industrial Big Data and Robot Intelligent Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China Robotics Research Center of Yuyao City Ningbo315400 China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Department of Mechatronics Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar has attracted significant attention in robotics and autonomous driving. However, despite the perception stability in harsh environments, the point cloud generated by mmWave radar is relatively sparse while containing significant noise, which limits its further development. Traditional mmWave radar enhancement approaches often struggle to leverage the effectiveness of diffusion models in super-resolution, largely due to the unnatural range-azimuth heatmap (RAH) or bird’s eye view (BEV) representation. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel method that pioneers the application of fusing range images with image diffusion models, achieving accurate and dense mmWave radar point clouds that are similar to LiDAR. Benefitting from the projection that aligns with human observation, the range image representation of mmWave radar is close to natural images, allowing the knowledge from pre-trained image diffusion models to be effectively transferred, significantly improving the overall performance. Extensive evaluations on both public datasets and self-constructed datasets demonstrate that our approach provides substantial improvements, establishing a new state-of-the-art performance in generating truly three-dimensional LiDAR-like point clouds via mmWave radar. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radar imaging

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AdvMap: Crafting Adversarial Maps to Counter AI Aimbot in First-Person Shooter Games

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IEEE Transactions on Games 2025年

作者： Yan, Kai Chen, Xianyi Cui, Qi Yuan, Haoqin Tan, Zhenshan Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics Ministry of Education the School of Computer Science Nanjing210044 China Beijing Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport Beijing100044 China

AI-based automatic aiming cheats (a.k.a., AI aimbots) have proliferated in first-person shooter (FPS) games, which grant malicious users an unfair gameplay advantage. Since AI aimbots operate independently of game data and are developed using object detection algorithms, they are difficult to detect with traditional anti-cheating methods. To actively counter AI aimbots, we propose AdvMap, which introduces invisible adversarial perturbations into game scene elements. In optimizing these adversarial perturbations, we design a mixture-of-misleading loss function that increases the total target confidence score within each misleading bounding box. It mitigates the risk of segment missing even when AdvMap is obscured, thereby enhancing the robustness. Besides, an L1-norm constraint with a small scale is employed during each update of the adversarial perturbations, which preserves the fidelity of the game scene. Additionally, to enable effective adaptation to interact with various elements within game environments, we introduce an Image-Subspace-Based Multi-Directional (ISMD) optimization strategy. It enables the adversarial perturbations to adaptively fit into each element by leveraging the mapping relationship between the game's 3D scenes and its corresponding 2D images. Furthermore, we construct a comprehensive benchmark, which includes various FPS games with different graphics styles and perspectives. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our method in countering various AI aimbot tools on different state-of-the-art object detection methods. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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