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Mapping cropping patterns in the North China Plain over the past 300 years and an analysis of the drivers of change

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第10期34卷 2074-2088页

作者： LI Shicheng LIU Yating LI Jianrui ZHANG Xuezhen School of Public Administration China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

It is essential to map the cropping patterns when investigating the mechanisms and impacts of climate ***,the long-term evolution of cropping patterns remains poorly *** study collected hundreds of records of cropping intensity and crop combinations from local gazetteers and other relevant articles for the North China Plain(NCP)over the past 300 ***,we analyzed the evolutionary characteristics and drivers in terms of climate change and advances in agricultural *** the Qing Dynasty to the 1950s,one harvest per year(1H1Y)was the dominant pattern in the northern NCP,and three harvests in two years(3H2Y)was the dominant pattern in Henan and Shandong *** 1H1Y crops were cereals and *** 3H2Y crop combinations were spring maize,winter wheat,and *** the 1960s and 1970s,the cropping intensity in much of the NCP was two harvests per year(2H1Y)or a mix of the 2H1Y and 3H2Y *** the 1980s,the cropping intensity in the NCP was dominated by *** the 1960s,the 2H1Y crop compositions have been winter wheat-summer maize in Shandong,Henan,and Hebei provinces,while winter wheat-rice dominated north of the Huaihe *** 3H2Y summer crop changed from beans to maize/cereals over *** warming was not the dominant factor driving the evolution of cropping intensity in the *** in agricultural production conditions and reforms in production relations have promoted the rapid development of multiple cropping since the 1950s.

关键词： North China Plain Qing Dynasty cropping intensity crop combinations crop harvest frequency climate change

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Frequency and size change of ice–snow avalanches in the central Himalaya:A case from the Annapurna Ⅱ glacier

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 464-475页

作者： Yao LI Yi-Fei CUI Jian-Sheng HAO Zheng-Tao ZHANG Hao WANG Jian GUO Shuo-Fan WANG State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources Beijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of National Safety and Emergency Management Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

Glaciers have retreated and shrunk in High Mountain Asia since the mid-20th century because of global warming,leading to glacier instability and hazardous iceesnow ***,the complex relationship between iceesnow avalanches and factors such as climate and potential triggers are difficult to understand because of the lack of observational ***,we addressed iceesnow avalanches on the Annapurna Ⅱ glacier in Nepal,Central *** constructed an iceesnow avalanche history using long-term multi-source remote sensing images(1988-2021)and mapped the velocity fields of glaciers using cross-correlation analysis on SAR and optical ***,we investigated the impact of climate change and earthquakes on the frequency and size of iceesnow *** results demonstrate that the frequency of iceesnow avalanches has increased from 10 in 1988 to 27 in 2020,but the average area of iceesnow avalanche deposits has decreased by approximately 70%,from 3.4×10^(5) m^(2) in 1988 to 1.2×10^(5) m^(2) in *** evolutionary characteristic of ice avalanches is linked to the impact of glacier retreat(reduction in ice material supply)and increased activity under climate *** glacier movement velocity controls the size of iceesnow avalanches and can be set as an indicator for iceesnow avalanche *** the Annapurna Ⅱ glacier,an iceesnow avalanche occurred when the glacier velocities were greater than 1.5 m d^(-1).These results offer insights into iceesnow avalanche risk assessment and prediction in high-mountain areas,particularly in regions characterised by dense glacier distribution.

关键词： Iceesnow avalanche Glacier instability Climate change Central Himalaya Remote sensing

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Biome reconstruction on the Tibetan Plateau since the Last Glacial Maximum using a machine learning method

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第3期65卷 518-535页

作者： Feng QIN Yan ZHAO Xianyong CAO Key Laboratory ofLand Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA)Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science(LATPES)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Historical biome changes on the Tibetan Plateau provide important information that improves our understanding of the alpine vegetation responses to climate ***,a comprehensively quantitative reconstruction of the historical Tibetan Plateau biomes is not possible due to the lack of quantitative methods that enable appropriate classification of alpine biomes based on proxy data such as fossil pollen *** this study,a pollen-based biome classification model was developed by applying a random forest algorithm(a supervised machine learning method)based on modern pollen assemblages on and around the Tibetan Plateau,and its robustness was assessed by comparing its results with the predictions of the biomisation *** results indicated that modern biome distributions reconstructed using the random forest model based on modern pollen data generally concurred with the observed zonal *** random forest model had a significantly higher accuracy than the biomisation method,indicating the former is a more suitable tool for reconstructing alpine biome changes on the Tibetan *** random forest model was then applied to reconstruct the Tibetan Plateau biome changes from 22 ka BP to the present based on 51 fossil pollen *** reconstructed biome distribution changes on the Tibetan Plateau generally corresponded to global climate changes and Asian monsoon *** the Last Glacial Maximum,the Tibetan Plateau was mainly desert with subtropical forests distributed in the *** the last deglaciation,the alpine steppe began expanding and gradually became zonal vegetation in the central and eastern *** meadow occupied the eastern and southeastern areas of the Tibetan Plateau since the early Holocene,and the forest-meadow-steppe-desert pattern running southeast to northwest on the Tibetan Plateau was established *** the mid-Holocene,subtropical forests extended north,which reflected the“optimum”***

关键词： Biome reconstruction Random forest algorithm Biomisation method Pollen data Last Glacial Maximum Tibetan Plateau

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Theoretical basis and technical path for the regional all-for-one customization model of black soil granary

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第11期32卷 2147-2169页

作者： LIAO Xiaoyong YAO Qixing WAN Xiaoming WANG Jieyong LI Zehong Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The black soil area in Northeast China serves as a“ballast”to ensure China’s food *** development and utilization lead to serious black soil degradation in some areas and affect regional food production and economic and social *** the context of the intensification of the contradiction between food supply and demand worldwide,we should pay more attention to the overall situation of regional sustainable development and seek for systematic,scientific,and economic *** study establishes a regional all-for-one customization model of black soil granary on the basis of the regional system of human–land relationship,customized and accurate management,agricultural system theory,and agricultural informatization with the guidance of integrated geography *** aim of this regional all-for-one customization model is to systematically diagnose the key problems and leading factors of black soil degradation and determine a solution that combines the commonness and individuality of black soil protection from the perspective of multiscale linkage,multifactor coupling,and multitechnology *** regional all-for-one customization model of black soil granary integrates the two perspectives of“regional”and“customization”into the protection and comprehensive utilization of black soil for the first *** adopts zoning,grading,and classification as the main strategy and big data and artificial intelligence as the main technical *** model constructs three strategies of different scales by combining the“satellite–air–ground–network”3D monitoring system and the all-for-one customization platform driven by big data and artificial ***,the“implementing strategies by regions”are implemented at the regional scale to formulate the regional agricultural resource allocation scheme and agricultural zoning,which can provide strategies to protect and utilize black soil ***,the“determining strategies in acco

关键词： black soil granary all-for-one customization mode platform conservation tillage

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An influencing mechanism for ecological asset gains and losses and its optimization and promotion pathways in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第10期32卷 1867-1885页

作者： LI Jiahui HUANG Lin CAO Wei Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Accounting for the gains and losses of ecological assets holds scientific significance in sustaining human *** on related research on ecological assets,we established a county-scale ecological asset accounting technology system by analyzing the temporal and spatial variations of county-level ecological assets in China from 1990 to 2018 and clarified the factors which caused the gains and losses of ecological *** these bases,optimization and promotion pathways were *** results show that the number of counties dominated by farmland and forest ecological resources accounted for about 45%and 37%of the total counties,*** 1990 to 2018,the quality of county-level ecological stock assets showed an increasing trend,while the water conservation volume decreased in nearly 70%of the *** number of counties with the gains(47%)and losses(37%)of ecological flow assets demonstrated spatial patterns which showed the same segmentation characteristics as the“Hu Huanyong Line”,that is,the counties in the vastness of northwest China experienced significant gains,while decreases were widespread in eastern and southern *** change of ecological assets in more than 70%of the counties was driven by climate change and human *** average degree of impact of human activities driving the ecological asset gains in counties was about 80%,while that of climate change causing the ecological asset losses was about 60%.According to various ecological resource types,gain and loss status,and its driving factors,counties in China can be classified into five types:climate change mitigation,climate change adaptation,ecological resources restoration,ecological resources protection,and ecological resources *** results indicate that differentiated optimization and promotion pathways can be adopted to achieve desired ecological asset gains.

关键词： ecological assets gains and losses climate change human activities optimization and promotion pathways

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Resistance of plant diversity to road disturbance: Evidence from the Tibetan Plateau

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Plant Diversity 2025年第3期47卷 394-402页

作者： Chen, Ziwei Zhao, Dongsheng Deng, Siqi Zhu, Yu Wang, Ke Wang, Shunsheng Zheng, Du Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The expansion of road networks in recent decades has drawn considerable attention due to its impact on biodiversity in high-altitude ecosystems. Here, we conducted a comprehensive field survey to investigate the effects of road disturbance on plant diversity in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicate that road disturbance caused no significant changes in species richness, Shannon–Wiener's diversity, or Simpson's diversity, and the alteration in species composition was limited. These findings demonstrate the robust resistance of alpine grassland plant diversity to road disturbance. Plant diversity exhibited more resistance to road disturbance in regions with more hostile environments, such as plateau sub-frigid regions and alpine steppes. Our study suggests that road construction in the Tibetan Plateau poses limited risk to plant biodiversity. © 2024 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences

关键词： Anthropogenic disturbance Biodiversity Highway Resilience Stability Sustainability

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A new scheme of climate-vegetation regionalization in the Hengduan Mountains Region

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 751-768页

作者： Xueqin ZHANG Xiaoming XU Xiang LI Peng CUI Du ZHENG Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences-Higher Education Commission of PakistanIslamabad 45320Pakistan

The Hengduan Mountains Region(HMR) is essential for the future ecological protection, clean energy production,Sichuan-Xizang and Yunnan-Xizang railways, and other major infrastructure projects in China. The distributions of climate and vegetation exhibit significant regional differentiation and vertical zonality due to the rugged longitudinal ranges and gorges and the complex disaster-prone environments in HMR. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the climate-vegetation regionalization in HMR to effectively satisfy the national requirements such as agricultural production and ecological protection, mountain disaster risk prevention, and major project construction. We here develop a new scheme of climate-vegetation regionalization with the latest demarcation outcome of HMR, the ground observation from 122 meteorological stations in HMR and its surrounding areas during 1990–2019, and the high-precision remote sensing data of land cover types. The new scheme first constructs the regionalization index system, fully considering the extraordinarily complicated geomorphic pattern of mountains and valleys, the scarcity of meteorological observations, and the remarkable differentiation of climate and vegetation in HMR. The system consists of three primary regionalization indices(i.e., days with daily average temperature steady above 10°C, aridity index, and main vegetation types, dividing the temperature zones, moisture regions, and vegetation subregions, respectively) and three auxiliary indices of the accumulated temperature above 10°C, and the temperatures in January and July. Then, the HMR is divided into five temperature zones, 20 moisture regions, and 55 vegetation subregions. Compared with previous regionalization schemes, the new scheme optimizes the climate spatial interpolation model of thin plate smoothing spline suitable for the unique terrain in HMR. Moreover, the disputed division index threshold between different climatic zones(regions) is scientifically clarifi

关键词： Climate-vegetation regionalization Thin plate smoothing spline(TPSS) GeoDetector Stepwise downscaling pane division method Hengduan Mountains Region

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Glacial-interglacial cycles recorded in clay minerals from the eastern Tibetan Plateau over the last 800 ka and their indications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2162-2177页

作者： Xiaoyan ZHANG Chunxia ZHANG Yan ZHAO Bin HU Zhengtang GUO Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Clay mineral proxies have been widely used to reconstruct changes in provenance and the ***,high-altitude clay mineral indications and long-term and orbital variations have not been fully ***,we present an800-ka clay-mineral record from a lacustrine sediment core(ZB13-C2)from the Zoige Basin on the eastern Tibetan Plateau(TP).X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the clay mineral assemblages and their micromorphological characteristics of core *** results revealed that the clay minerals in core ZB13-C2 are mainly illite,with small amounts of chlorite,kaolinite,and smectite(including irregular mixed-layers of illite-smectite(I/S)and chloritesmectite(C/S)).The clay mineral assemblages and proxies exhibit three stages of change,which are mainly controlled by the Zoige watershed range under different climate *** watershed was limited to the southeastern region with altitudes ranging from~3500 to~4200 meters above sea level(m a.s.l.),and glacial-interglacial hydraulic erosion controlled the input of bedrock debris during 800-621 ka *** expanded to higher altitudes(~4200 to~4700 m a.s.l.)due to stronger seasonal freezethaw weathering without significant glacial-interglacial variations under a cooling and drying climate during 621-100 ka ***,it expanded to its highest altitudes of~4700 to~5200 m *** of the watershed after 100 ka BP,and hydraulic erosion increased obviously under a warm climate of the interstadial MIS 3 on the *** watershed underwent two major expansions under different climatic conditions at~621 ka and 100 ka BP,with the wet/dry alternation became strong at~621 ka *** results reveal that long-term temperature changes and the wet/dry alternation at high altitudes controlled the watershed range and degree of the physical erosion,and that the indications of clay minerals should be carefully clarified before they are used as climate indicators,especi

关键词： Quaternary Zoige Basin Lacustrine sediments Paleoenvironment Weathering

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Assessment of ecological civilization construction from the perspective of environment and health in China

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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第3期3卷 281-289页

作者： Ya'nan Guo Linsheng Yang Li Wang Hairong Li Quansheng Ge Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

This study innovatively evaluated ecological civilization in China from the perspective of environment and health.A Composite Environmental Health Index(CEHI)was constructed based on the Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response(DPSIR)and Coupling Coordination Degree(CCD)*** showed that significant and sustained improvements were observed in the ecological environment after ecological civilization,while economic development continued to progress at a steady ***,the advancement in population health(impact subsystem),exhibited comparatively modest progress,potentially linked to issues such as demographic aging and the enduring consequences of past exposure to environmental *** the provincial level,the regional development was *** CEHI performance was highest in the eastern regions,followed by the central regions,with the western regions showing the least ***,Guangdong,Jiangsu,Shanghai,and Zhejiang emerged as top performers with higher CEHI scores,which can be attributed to their favorable geographical positioning and the response ***,northeastern regions(Heilongjiang,Jilin,and Liaoning)and northwestern regions(Shaanxi,Gansu,Ningxia,and Qinghai)experienced limited advancements in post-ecological civilization *** these underperforming regions,there is a pressing need to intensify efforts aimed at enhancing their response *** summary,China's pursuit of ecological civilization has yielded significant successes,potentially offering valuable insights for other nations striving for sustainable *** ecological civilization model's integration of ecological environmental protection into economic,political,cultural,and social constructs may serve as a meaningful reference for the sustainable development of other countries.

关键词： Ecological civilization Environment and health Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response Coupling Coordination Degree Model

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Does palynological diversity reflect floristic diversity?A case study from Northeast China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第9期66卷 2097-2108页

作者： Yifan CUI Feng QIN Yan ZHAO Qiaoyu CUI Rongwei GENG Quan LI Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Cluster of Excellence ROOTS Institute of Pre-and Protohistoric ArchaeologyKiel UniversityKiel 24118Germany

Fossil pollen data can provide important information of past vegetation diversity,on the basis of established relationship between modern palynological and floristic ***,current studies on modern pollen assemblages in China have not examined this relationship ***,we report a case study from Northeast China,aiming to investigate the representation of modern palynological diversity to regional floristic diversity.A total of 87 sets of modern pollen and vegetation data from various vegetation types were applied to assess modern palynological diversity and floristic diversity in Northeast China,and the relationship between palynological and floristic diversity was studied using spatial pattern comparison and correlation ***,to reduce representation bias related to pollen production and dispersal,we calibrated pollen data using the Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites(REVEALS)model with Pollen Productivity Estimates(PPEs)and Fall Speeds of Pollen(FSP).The results show that the spatial variations of palynological and floristic richness among vegetation types are similar,and have a good positive correlation(r=0.41,p<0.01).However,palynological evenness presents a different spatial pattern from floristic evenness,with a weaker positive correlation(r=0.21,p>0.05).The calibration on pollen data using REVEALS model minimized the differences in spatial patterns between palynological and floristic diversity,and improved the correlations between them(richness,r=0.50,p<0.01;evenness,r=0.33,p<0.01).Our study indicates that palynological richness in Northeast China could reflect regional floristic richness in general,and the calibration with REVEALS model is recommended for reconstructing past floristic diversity from pollen data.

关键词： Northeast China Modern palynological diversity Floristic diversity Richness and evenness Community dissimilarity index REVEALS model

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