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Economic development lowering inequality in China's household food greenhouse gas footprints

Cell Reports Sustainability 2024年第12期1卷

作者： Liu, Gang Zhang, Fan Deng, Xiangzheng School of Urban Economics and Public Administration Capital University of Economics and Business Beijing China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Economics and Management University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China

Humans have persistent food needs that trigger considerable greenhouse gas emissions, varying significantly by region. However, the greenhouse gas footprint and inequality are not well characterized within countries. Here, we quantify China's national and sub-national food greenhouse gas footprint from 2007 to 2017 using a multi-regional input-output framework and evaluate inequalities using the Gini coefficient. Our results reveal a decline in environmental pressures from household food consumption. The national per capita footprint declined from 0.66 to 0.53 tCO₂-equivalent over the decade, with a similar trend in most provinces. Substantial differences across households between and within provinces are evident, with wealthier provinces exhibiting lower inequality compared with lower-income provinces. The national food greenhouse gas footprint Gini coefficient declined from 0.356 to 0.339 with economic development, while almost all provinces, except for Shaanxi, experienced declining Gini coefficients. This study highlights the declining trend in food greenhouse gas footprint inequality alongside economic growth. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： carbon emissions climate change mitigation food system greenhouse gas footprint household consumption inequality input-output analysis SDGs supply chains

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Co-Occurrence of Geogenic Thallium and Arsenic in surface Water and Hot Springs

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wen, Qiqian Yang, Linsheng Gong, Hongqiang Yu, Jiangping Wei, Binggan Zhao, Shengcheng Tu, Dan Yin, Shuhui Wang, Ting Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 11 A Datun Road Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention Lhasa850030 China

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is known as the water tower of Asia. Water quality has long been a focus of public concern in this climate-sensitive and geologically complex area, especially in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin (YTRB), where population and agriculture are concentrated. Thallium (Tl) is a typical metal of severe toxicity and often occurs together with arsenic (As) in sulfide minerals. Considering the large-scale polymetallic sulfide mineralization developed in the YTRB, high concentrations of As have been reported in water. However, equally important but often overlooked is the co-enrichment of geogenic Tl and As in surface water and groundwater. In this study, the enrichment, spatial distribution, geologic origins, and interrelationships of Tl and As in hot springs and surface water in the YTRB were systematically analysed. The results show that high levels of Tl (0.001-5.146 μg/L) and As (0.2-5435.5 μg/L) were present in hot springs. The contents of Tl (0.002-0.264 μg/L) and As (0.4-649.0 μg/L) in surface water were affected by the runoff from hot springs. There was a strong positive spatial correlation between Tl and As in hot springs and surface water. The co-enrichment and spatial relationships of As and Tl could be attributed to plate subduction, the reduction–dissolution of Tl (As)-bearing minerals, and hydrothermal fluids. This study offers valuable insights into the potential co-pollution of geogenic Tl and As. Of particular note is that areas with As-rich groundwater and rich sulfide mineralization may also experience potential Tl risk. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Groundwater

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Future Population Exposure to Heatwaves in 83 Global Megacities

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Yuwei Zhao, Na Wu, Chaoyang Quan, Jinling Chen, Mingxing State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographic Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing210023 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modelling Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China

Global warming leads to more frequent and intense heatwaves, putting urban populations at greater risk. Previous related studies considered only surface air temperature or 1-2 shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), and were limited to specific regions. Moreover, no research focused on heatwave exposure in highly-populated global megacities facing severe threats. This study is the first to project future population exposure to heatwaves in 83 global megacities by 2100 using fine-resolution data, suitable indices reflecting human comfort in heatwaves by incorporating temperature and humidity, and a future population exposure projection and analysis framework. The results show that (1) the global frequency of extreme heatwave events and average change rate in each megacity sequentially increase from SSP126 to SSP585, and the change rate is generally larger in megacities in the Southern Hemisphere;(2) the increases in heatwave exposure are greatest under SSP370, and the change rates are generally larger for megacities in southern Asia;(3) there is a high degree of inequality (Gini of 0.6 to 0.63) in future heatwave exposure globally, with the highest inequality under SSP585 and the lowest under SSP370;(4) the average exposure, increase rate and change are highest in low-income megacities and lowest in high-income megacities. The distribution of exposure is the most balanced in middle-income megacities and the least balanced in high-income megacities;and (5) population growth contributes more to the change in exposure than total warming in high-income megacities under SSP126;and total urban warming contributes much more than population growth in all other cases. Every effort should be made to avoid SSP370 scenario and pursue sustainable and rational urban economic development. Mumbai, Manila, Kolkata, and Jakarta warrant particular attention due to their rapid exposure growth. Additionally, policymakers and urban planners must focus on improving sustainable development pl

关键词： Population statistics

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An Innovative Approach to Evaluate Debris Flow Scale-Activity Across Diverse Aridity Zones: Fusion of Image Recognition and Geomorphometric Analysis

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Jiang, Zhenni Wang, Jiao Zhang, Guotao Cui, Peng Yang, Can Zhang, Yifan Zhang, Bo Li, Chaoyue Wang, Hao Liu, Jie Yang, Zhiwei Chengdu610041 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences CAS-HEC Islamabad45320 Pakistan Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Xinjiang Transportation Planning Survey and Design Institute Co. Ltd. Urumqi830006 China Key Laboratory of Highway Engineering Technology in Arid and Desert Region of Ministry of Transport Urumqi83001l China

Debris flows, which can be savage in mountainous regions, have been increasingly rampant in arid areas, threatening nearby residents and properties. Inadequate high-quality data, labor-intensive image interpretation, inefficient field surveys, and traditional singular-variable analyses underscore the necessity for an integrative and efficient approach to evaluate debris flow scales and activities. Thus, an integrative debris flow scale-activity assessment methodology is developed, composed of parameters commonly studied and those feasible for extraction from accessible sources, leveraging dynamic avulsion of fans with distinct morphometry and boulder visibility in images. Resultantly, channel number, fan size, maximum critical shear stress, and disaster frequency are acquired as potential index parameters via geomorphometric analysis and image segmentation. The composite index generation, established based on these parameters and principal component analysis, is highly effective and accurate, benefiting from program efficiency, interpretation-based error control, parameter validation, and data preservation. Comprehensively, three types of disasters were identified in the study region, distinguished by water content and sediment composition. Parameter and index results reveal considerable spatial-temporal disparities, complex relationships, and clustering patterns (Moran’s I=0.08) across disaster and aridity types owing to environmental variances. The index (degree) exhibits an increasing-decreasing transition from low-index hyper-concentrated flows to high-index debris floods and debris flows and declines to less impactful debris floods as aridity decreases due to different sediment and water discharge and source. Generally, high indices tend to concentrate in the southern and glacierized northern valleys, exhibiting medium impact ranges, high maximum critical shear stress, and dynamic channel activities regarding channel quantities and disaster frequencies. Hence,

关键词： Shear stress

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Impact of spatial transfer of farmland on the food-water-GHG nexus in China during 2000–2020

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Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2025年 221卷

作者： Liu, Yunxi Wang, Xue Tan, Minghong Zhang, Fuyao Li, Xiubin Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

Analyzing the impact of spatial transfer of farmland (STF) on the food-water-greenhouse gases (FWG) nexus through a coupled perspective holds significant scientific value for guiding sustainable farmland management policies. This study developed an integrated assessment framework to quantify FWG-nexus dynamics induced by STF, systematically evaluating changes in crop yields, irrigation water consumption, and GHG emissions across China from 2000 to 2020. The coupling coordination degree (CCD) of the FWG system was further examined. The results show that between 2000 and 2020, the area of farmland in China decreased by 2.63 × 104km2, and the center of gravity of farmland shifted approximately 56.90 km towards the northwest. Nationwide, STF led to an increase in average crop yields by 58.54 kg/ha;at the same time, the average irrigation water consumption increased by 1.93 mm, and the average GHG emissions also rose by 23.63 kgCO2-eq/ha. During the study period, the FWG-nexus exhibited a tendency toward decoupling, as indicated by a 0.21 % decrease in the FWG CCD. The increasing consumption for irrigation water and rising GHG emissions have consistently been the primary constraints to the harmonization of the FWG-nexus at the national level, with notable regional variations of these constraints. These insights help deepen the understanding of the impact of STF on the FWG-nexus, providing scientific support for sustainable land use in China and the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Greenhouse gas emissions

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Inconsistency and Correction of Manually Observed Ground surface Temperatures Over Snow-Covered Regions

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Cao, Bin Wang, Shengdi Hao, Jiansheng Sun, Wen Zhang, Kun Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou730000 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Department of Mathematics The University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong

Ground surface temperature (Ts) was manually measured using mercury thermometers in the early stage, and the snow surface temperature was used as Ts in areas with thick seasonal snow covers due to measurement difficulty. This practice produced Ts data that are inconsistent with more recent automatic measurements using modern instrumentation, which determine ground surface temperature in the soil beneath the snow cover. In this study, we used the observations from northeastern China to explore and correct the Ts inconsistency. The resulting Ts inconsistency varies from a few degrees to tens of degrees depending on the snow conditions and time periods considered. This inconsistency between earlier and modern measurements results in the overestimation of soil temperature warming rate in recent decades. We remove the Ts inconsistency using a numerical model that considers the effect of snow insulation on ground surface temperatures. This approach provides the means and opportunity to improve Ts records that have similarly switched from manual to automatic measurements, which is critical for soil and climate investigations. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Snow

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Principles and research progress of physical prevention and control technologies for algae in eutrophic water

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iScience 2024年第6期27卷 109990页

作者： Wang, Yuyao Zhu, Yuanrong Wang, Kuo Tan, Yidan Bing, Xiaojie Jiang, Juan Fang, Wen Chen, Liang Liao, Haiqing State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China College of Environment Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Water Conservancy and Environment University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China

The abnormal reproduction of algae in water worldwide is prominent in the context of human interference and global climate change. This study first thoroughly analyzed the effects of physical factors, such as light, temperature, hydrodynamics, and operational strategies, on algal growth and their mechanisms. Physical control techniques are safe and have great potential for preventing abnormal algal blooms in the absence of chemical reagents. The focus was on the principles and possible engineering applications of physical shading, ultrasound, micro-current, and ultraviolet (UV) technologies, in controlling abnormal algal reproduction. Physical shading can inhibit or weaken photosynthesis in algae, thereby inhibiting their growth. Ultrasound mainly affects the physiological and biochemical activities of cells by destroying the cell walls, air cells, and active enzymes. Micro-currents destroy the algal cell structure through direct and indirect oxidation, leading to algal cell death. UV irradiation can damage DNA, causing organisms to be unable to reproduce or algal cells to die directly. This article comprehensively summarizes and analyzes the advantages of physical prevention and control technologies for the abnormal reproduction of algae, providing a scientific basis for future research. In the future, attempts will be made toward appropriately and comprehensively utilizing various physical technologies to control algal blooms. The establishment of an intelligent, comprehensive physical prevention and control system to achieve environmentally friendly, economical, and effective physical prevention and control of algae, such as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, is of great importance for specific waters. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Environmental engineering Environmental science Water resources engineering

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An integrated approach for determining the spatial distribution, source apportionment and human health risks of PAHs in soils of rapidly-urbanized areas

Soil & Environmental Health

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Soil & Environmental Health 2025年第3期3卷

作者： Lingzhi Luo Xiaoyong Liao Huan Tao You Li Liang Wang Hongying Cao Yonghua Li Weiwei Shi Tianyi Wang Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100101 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The rise of large urban agglomerations has exacerbated pollutant emissions, resulting in regional soil contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which jeopardizes the development of urban agglomerations and affects human health. There is a lack of research in this area in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, with the existing studies on PAHs in soil in the larger region often neglecting the spatial heterogeneity of the pollution sources and systematic analysis of risk assessment. This study introduces the Distribution-Source-Risk framework, analyzed soil PAH pollutants in the region, and examined PAH sources, distribution patterns, and associated health risks. Random forest modeling was employed to map PAH distribution in the BTH soils. City classification analysis was conducted based on the derived pollution levels and urbanization degree, resulting in four city types: high urbanization and high pollution, high urbanization and low pollution, low urbanization and high pollution, and low urbanization and low pollution. Primary PAH sources include coal-burning (29%), coking (25%), traffic (25%), and biomass-burning (21%), with varying contributions based on city types. The overall order of human health risks was coal-burning > traffic > coking > biomass-burning sources. Finally, differen policies for soil PAH PAH management (such as energy transition and green infrastructure) were elaborated to promote coordinated development of regional urbanization environment. In summary, this research offers a comprehensive approach, linking processes to provide a precise understanding of pollution across different entities (cities, sources, and populations). Our findings reveal distinct pollution patterns across city types and highlight targeted mitigation priorities and provide a systematic, data-driven framework for regional soil PAH management and public health protection.

关键词： High urbanization High pollution Distribution patterns Source-specific risk Health risk assessment Source apportionment Beijing-tianjin-hebei region Random forest modeling Positive matrix factorization Distribution-source-risk framework

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Urban-rural inequality in soil heavy metal health risks: Insights from Baoding, China

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Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2025年 300卷

作者： Lingzhi Luo Liang Wang You Li Hongying Cao Yanling Guo Xiaoyong Liao Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100101 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Soil heavy metal contamination poses serious health risks, but few studies have quantitatively assessed disparities in these risks between urban and rural populations. To address this gap, we introduce a novel framework integrating machine learning and spatially explicit risk models to assess individual- and population-level health risks from soil heavy metals in Baoding City, China. We used random forest models to predict high-resolution soil metal concentration maps, Positive Matrix Factorization for source apportionment, and spatial exposure models to estimate human health risks under multiple exposure pathways. This is the first study to combine high-resolution machine learning mapping, source apportionment, and multi-scale risk assessment in an urban–rural context. key findings reveal risk contrasts: urban soils exhibited a 51 % higher ecological risk index than rural soils, reflecting concentrated pollution hotspots. However, individual-level risk assessments indicate that rural residents face 3 higher health hazards than urban residents. By contrast, aggregated non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic population risks were 1.8 and 1.7 times higher in urban areas. These contrasting results reveal an overlooked rural vulnerability at the individual scale versus greater aggregate risk in urban populations. Combining machine learning with spatially explicit risk modeling, our study quantifies previously undetected urban–rural health risk inequalities from soil contamination. This integrated approach advances scientific understanding of how urbanization shapes spatial health risk patterns and provides actionable insights for targeted environmental management to protect vulnerable communities, inform mitigation strategies, and identify priority intervention areas.

关键词： Heavy metals Soil pollution Health risk Machine learning Urban and rural residents

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Global Future Population Exposure to Heatwaves

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Yuwei Zhao, Na Yin, Xiaozhe Wu, Chaoyang Chen, Mingxing Jiao, Yimeng Yue, Tianxiang State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographic Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing210023 China University of Southern California United States Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China

The increasing exposure to extreme heatwaves in urban areas from both climate change and the urban heat island (UHI) effect is posing multiple threats and challenges to human society. Despite a growing number of studies focusing on extreme exposure, research advances are still limited in some aspects like oversimplifies of some inter-individual factors of human exposure, resulting in unreliable and unrealistic estimates of future results. In addition, little research performed comprehensive and fine-resolution global analysis in future scenarios. In this study, we present the first global fine-resolution projection of future changing urban population exposure to heatwaves by 2100 under four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) by considering the urban development at global, regional, and national scales. Overall, global urban population exposure to heatwaves is rising under the four SSPs. Temperate and tropical zones predictably have the greatest exposure among all climate zones. Coastal cities are projected to have the greatest exposure, followed closely by cities at low altitudes. Middle-income countries have the lowest exposure and the lowest inequality of exposure among countries. Individual climate effects contributed the most (about 46.4%) to future changes in exposure, followed by the interactive effect between climate and urbanization (about 18.5%). Our results indicate that more attention needs to be paid to policy improvements and sustainable development planning of global coastal cities and some low-altitude cities, especially in low- and high-income countries. Meanwhile, this study also highlights the impact of continued future urban expansion on population exposure to heatwaves. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate change

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