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Spatial Polarization of Villages in Tourist Destinations: A Case Study from Yesanpo, China

Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第4期12卷 1038-1050页

作者： XI Jian-chao KONG Qin-qin WANG Xin-ge Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Spatial perspectives were applied to examine the processes of growth and development in rural settlements affected by *** on field surveys and GIS spatial analysis methods, we studied the spatial evolution of two villages(Jiaojiekou and Gougezhuang) in the Yesanpo tourist area over the last 25 *** results revealed a polarization trend,with Jiaojiekou becoming a ‘hollowed' village and Gougezhuang developing into a ‘new-type' tourist *** polarization indicates the unsustainability of rural development in tourist destinations, which is manifested by the following features: only some villages benefit from the development of tourism;there is simultaneously a shortage of land in tourist villages and a wastage of land in traditional villages;and the function of the villages is ***, the spillover of the effects of tourism may provide an opportunity for the development of traditional *** better utilize this opportunity,we propose that:(1) integrated rural tourism management should be developed to explore effective methods of promoting tourism as part of a rural development strategy;(2) different land use policies are required for different villages; and(3) the balance between government regulation and community participation should be emphasized.

关键词： Spatial polarization Land use change Rural tourism Traditional villages Sustainable development

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Spatial-temporal variation of grain production after the Grain for Green Project in the Loess Plateau, China

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017年第1期59卷

作者： Zhiyuan Xu Changhe Lu Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 11A Datun Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The Grain for Green Project (GGP) has been implemented for 17 years, promoted the regional environment significantly, but the impact on local food production is still an issue worth studying. This paper analysed the temporal and spatial variations of grain production in the Loess Plateau of China, using county-level statistics from 2000 to 2012. The results showed that the total grain yield and the unit area grain yield was continuously improved while the grain planting area was declined, which showed that ecological construction does not affect grain production. Besides, the regional differentiation of grain production efficiency in the Loess Plateau was decreasing.

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Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust in Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, North China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第12期25卷 1439-1451页

作者： LI Kexin LIANG Tao WANG Lingqing YANG Zhiping Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration and spatial distribu- tion patterns of 9 potentially toxic heavy metal elements （As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Cu, Z.n, Mn, and Ni） in road dust in the Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, China. Contamination levels were evaluated using the geoaccumulation index and the enrichment factor. Human health risks for each heavy metal element were assessed using a human exposure model. Results showed that the dust contained significantly elevated heavy metal elements concen- trations compared with the background soil. The spatial distribution pattern of all tested met- als except for As coincided with the locations of industrial areas while the spatial distribution of As was associated with domestic sources. The contamination evaluation indicated that Cd, Pb, and Mn in road dust mainly originated from anthropogenic sources with a rating of ＂heav- ily polluted＂ to ＂extremely polluted,＂ whereas the remaining metals originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources with a level of ＂moderately polluted＂. The non-cancer health risk assessment showed that ingestion was the primary exposure route for all metals in the road dust and that Mn, Cr, Pb, and As were the main contributors to non-cancer risks in both children and adults. Higher HI values were calculated for children （H1=1.89）, indicating that children will likely experience higher health risks compared with adults （H1=0.23）. The cancer risk assessment showed that Cr was the main contributor, with cancer risks which were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than those for other metals. Taken in concert, the non-cancer risks posed by all studied heavy metal elements and the cancer risks posed by As Co, Cr, Cd, and Ni to both children and adults in Bayan Obo Mining Region fell within the acceptable range.

关键词： road dust heavy metal elements contamination assessment health risk assessment Bayan Obo Mining Region

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Impact of Irrigation Methods on Soil Salt Content and Their Differences in Whole Cotton Growing Season in Arid Area of Northwest China

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2016年第6期7卷 453-463页

作者： JIN Jianjun RAN Shenghong LIU Taotao College of Resources Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS B eijing 100101 China Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources CAS Lanzhou 730000 China

Research for changes of soil water and salt is an important content of land sciences and agriculture sciences in arid and semi arid regions. In this paper, sampling in actual agricultural fields, laboratory analysis of soil samples and statistical analysis methods are used to quantitatively analyze soil salinity changes under different ir- rigation methods throughout the cotton growing season in Shihezi reclamation area. The results show that irrigation methods play an important role in soil salt content in the surface soil （0-20 cm） and sub-deep soil （40-60 cm）, fol- lowed by deep soil layer （60-100 cm） and root soil layer （20-40 cm）. Furrow irrigation yields the maximum soil salt content in deep layer （60-100 cm） or sub-deep layer （40-60 cm） and the maximum salinity occurs in the first half of the cotton growing season （June or earlier）. In contrast, drip irrigation yields the maximum soil salinity in the root layer （20-40 cm） or sub-deep （40-60 cm）, and this usually appears in the second half growing season （July or af- ter）. The ratio of chloride ion to sulfate ion （Cl-/SO2- 4） and its change in the soil are on the rise under furrow irrigation while the value first increased and then decreased with a peak point in June under drip irrigation. This suggests that furrow irrigation may shift the type of soil salinization to chloride ion type moreso than drip irrigation. Potassium and sodium ion contents of the soil show that soil sodium＋potassium content will drop after the first rise under furrow irrigation and the value is manifested by fluctuations under drip irrigation. Potassium＋sodium content change is relatively more stable in the whole cotton growth period under irrigation methods. The maximum of sodium and potassium content of the soil usually occur in deep soil layer （60-100 cm） or sub-deep soil layer （40-60 cm） in most sample points under furrow irrigation while it is inconsistent in different sample points under drip irrigation. A non- parametric test fo

关键词： soil salinity soil water content cotton growing season arid area of northwest China

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Cropland change and its changing relationship analysis in Nepal

Cropland change and its changing relationship analysis in Ne...

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第十届中日韩地理学联合会议、第一届亚洲地理学大会、第十五次全国青年地理工作者学术研讨会

作者： Basanta PAUDEL Yili ZHANG Shicheng LI Xue WU Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural R Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural R

Human activities in the past 100 years have significantly transformed and substantially modified the Earth's environment and land cover,especially by transforming natural ecosystems to cropland *** constructive study covers a simple approach to derive geographically unequivocal changes in Nepal's croplands from 1910 to *** that,we used remotely sensed land use and land cover dataset in different years(1978 to 2010)and collected historical cropland inventory data,historical document of national and regional level,population data and climatic *** the base of these documents we are going to reconstruct and develop the base dataset of cropland of past 100 *** the basis of developing dataset will estimate last 100 years cropland change scenario's in *** a complete and accurate research,present study has designed a simple land cover change model to estimate past cropland scenario with the help of Arc GIS 10.1 ***,this research will analyze results in terms of the extent to which parts of Nepal's cropland have been changed remarkably past over 100 ***,we are going to find out major driving factors of cropland change in *** changing trend of cropland on the basis of literature review is mainly related to the rapidly growth of population,deforestation,climate change,and migration of young people as a foreigner ***,increased education level and GDP,shifting traditional occupations,access and development of road,infrastructure and market centers were playing vital *** base research of cropland change in Nepal will be fruitful for the government of Nepal and concerns organization,planners and researchers to develop land use policy about well cropland management for sustainable future.

关键词： Cropland change past 100 years changing relationship Nepal

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中美过去300年土地利用变化比较

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地理学报 2015年第2期70卷 297-307页

作者：何凡能李美娇李士成肖冉 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

开展历史土地利用变化的国别对比研究,不仅有利于深化大尺度LUCC过程与驱动机制的科学认识,而且对深入研究历史碳排放责任等也有着重要意义。利用长时间序列数据,对中美两国过去300年土地利用/覆被变化的时空特征及驱动因素进行对比分... 详细信息

开展历史土地利用变化的国别对比研究,不仅有利于深化大尺度LUCC过程与驱动机制的科学认识,而且对深入研究历史碳排放责任等也有着重要意义。利用长时间序列数据,对中美两国过去300年土地利用/覆被变化的时空特征及驱动因素进行对比分析。结果表明:1过去300年中美两国耕地数量总体均呈持续增长态势,中国在1661-1980s的320余年间耕地总量增长了79.46×104km2,但人均耕地面积却从1685年的5.5亩,下降至2000年的1.5亩;而美国在1700-1950年的250年间耕地面积增加了190.87×104km2,且人均耕地面积均超过9亩,其中1890年高达30.2亩。2受土地垦殖扩张影响,过去300年中美两国林、草地资源均呈持续减少态势;其中,美国森林面积减少了约145×104km2,草地面积减少约137×104km2;而中国森林面积减少了约90×104km2,草地面积减少了约40×104km2。3从空间格局变化特征看,过去300年中国土地垦殖主要向边区(如东北、西南、内蒙等)及内地山地丘陵区发展;而美国在"西进运动"的影响下,大规模向中西部拓殖。4政策、人口、农业技术等因素是影响过去300年中美土地利用/覆被变化的主要因素,但由于两国资源禀赋及发展历史的差异,虽然直接驱动力均体现为政策因素,但就根本驱动因素而言,中国是人口数量,美国则是经济利益;同时,在农业技术发展取向上,中国因"人多地少",走"精耕细作"之路,而美国因"人少地多",走"机械化"之途。

关键词：土地利用/覆被变化历史比较过去300年中国美国

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Intra-annual variability albedo associated with China of satellite observed surface typical land cover types in

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第1期25卷 35-44页

作者： LIU Zhengjia SHAO Quanqin TAO Jian CHI Wenfeng Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100049 China

surface albedo is a primary causative variable associated with the process of surface energy exchange. Numerous studies have examined diurnal variation of surface albedo at a regional scale; however, few studies have analyzed the intra-annual variations of surface albedo in concurrence with different land cover types. In this study, we amalgamated surface albedo product data （MCD43） from 2001 to 2008, land-use data （in 2000 and 2008） and land cover data （in 2000）; quantitative analyses of surface albedo variation pertaining to diverse land cover types and the effect of the presence/absence of ground snow were undertaken. Results indicate that intra-annual surface albedo values exhibit flat Gaussian or triangular distributions depending upon land cover types. During snow-free periods, satellite observed surface albedo associated with the non-growing season was lower than that associated with the growing season. Satellite observed surface albedo during the presence of ground snow period was 2-4 times higher than that observed during snow-free periods. surface albedo reference values in typical land cover types have been calculated; notably, grassland, cropland and built-up land were associated with higher surface albedo reference values than barren while ground snow was present. Irrespective of land cover types, the lowest surface albedo reference values were associated with forested areas. Proposed reference values may prove extremely useful in diverse research areas, including ecological modeling, land surface process modeling and radiation energy balance applications.

关键词： intra-annual pattern analysis surface albcdo MODIS land cover land-use snow cover

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Spatio-temporal characteristics of intra-urban land cover in the cities of China and USA from 1978 to 2010

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第1期25卷 3-18页

作者： CHI Wenfeng SHI Wenjiao KUANG Wenhui Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Urban land cover has major impacts on a city＇s ecosystem services and the inherent quality of its urban residential environment. The spatio-temporal distribution of impervious surface area and green areas in Chinese cities has exhibited a significantly marked difference in comparison with USA cities. This study focused on monitoring and comparing the spatio-temporal dynamics, land cover patterns and characteristics of functional regions in six Chinese （n=3） and USA （n=3） cities. The study data were collated from Landsat TM/MSS imagery during the period 1978-2010. Results indicate that Chinese cities have developed compactly over the past three decades, while development has been notably dispersed among USA cities. Mean vegetation coverage in USA cities is approximately 2.2 times that found amongst Chinese urban agglomerations. Land use types within Chinese cities are significantly more complex, with a higher density of impervious surface area. Conversely, the central business district （CBD） and residential areas within USA cities were compdsed of a lower proportion of impervious surface area and a higher proportion of green land. Results may be used to contribute to future urban planning and administration efforts in both China and the USA.

关键词： urban structure impervious surface area vegetation China USA remote sensing

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Multi-scale variability of water discharge and sediment load into the Bohai Sea from 1950 to 2011

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第1期25卷 85-100页

作者： REN Huiru LI Guosheng CUI Linlin HE Lei Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

This paper examines the changes in the time series of water discharge and sediment load of the Yellow River into the Bohai Sea. To determine the characteristics of abrupt changes and multi-scale periods of water discharge and sediment load, data from Lijin station were analyzed, and the resonance periods were then calculated. The Mann-Kendall test, order clustering, power-spectrum, and wavelet analysis were used to observe water discharge and sediment load into the sea over the last 62 years. The most significant abrupt change in water discharge into the sea occurred in 1985, and an abrupt change in sediment load happened in the same year. Significant decreases of 64.6% and 73.8% were observed in water discharge and sediment load, respectively, before 1985. More significant abrupt changes in water discharge and sediment load were observed in 1968 and 1996. The characteristics of water discharge and sediment load into the Bohai Sea show periodic oscillation at inter-annual and decadal scales. The main periods of water discharge are 9.14 years and 3.05 years, whereas the main periods of sediment load are 10.67 years, 4.27 years, and 2.78 years. The significant resonance periods between water discharge and sediment load are observed at the following temporal scales： 2.86 years, 4.44 years, and 13.33 years. Water discharge and sediment load started to decrease after 1970 and has decreased significantly since 1985 for several reasons. Firstly, the precipitation of the Yellow River drainage area has reduced since 1970. Secondly, large-scale human activities, such as the building of reservoirs and floodgates, have increased. Thirdly, water and soil conservation have taken effect since 1985.

关键词： water discharge sediment load resonance periods abrupt changes multi-scale periods Yellow River Bohai Sea

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Comparison of changes in land use and land cover in China and the USA over the past 300 years

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第9期25卷 1045-1057页

作者： HE Fanneng LI Meijiao LI Shicheng XIAO Ran Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Comparative studies of changes in land use and land cover between different countries over a long time-scale are helpful in understanding the processes and driving forces of these changes in different situations. We compared and analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of cropland, forest and grassland between China＇s mainland and the conterminous USA over the past 300 years. We found that, over the past 300 years, the area of cropland showed an overall increasing trend both in China and in the USA. In China, the area of cropland increased by about 79.46×104 km2 from 1661 to the 1980s, and the per capita cropland decreased from 0.37×104 m2 in 1685 to 0.10×104 m2 in 2000. For the USA, the area of cropland increased by 190.87×104 km2 between 1700 and 1950. The per capita cropland area of each time slice for the past 300 years was greater than 0.60×104 m2 and the maximum value was 2.01×104 m2 in 1890. As a result of the expansion in land reclamation, the forest and grassland areas of the USA have decreased by about 136.98×104 km2 and 136.98×104 km2, respectively, over the past 300 years; the corresponding values for China are about 89.73×104 km2 and 40.00×104 km2, respectively. In terms of the spatial patterns, the expansion in cropland in China mainly occurred in the border areas （including the northeast, southwest and Inner Mongolia） and in the hilly areas. Cropland expansion in the USA mainly occurred in the mid-west regions. In China, population growth is the most important driving factor in changes in land use and land cover, whereas in the USA, government policy plays the most significant role.

关键词： land use/cover change historical comparisons past 300 years China the USA

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