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Cross-sectional rainfall observation on the central-western Tibetan Plateau in the warm season:System design and preliminary results

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第5期66卷 1015-1030页

作者： Kun YANG Yingying CHEN Lazhu Changhui ZHAN Xiaoyan LING Xu ZHOU Yaozhi JIANG Xiangnan YAO Hui LU Xiaogang MA Lin OUYANG Weihao PAN Yanghang REN Changkun SHAO Jiaxin TIAN Yan WANG Hua YANG Siyu YUE Ke ZHANG Dingchi ZHAO Long ZHAO Jianhong ZHOU Mijun ZOU Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceInstitute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China National Tibetan Plateau Data Center State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resource EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Research Center for Ecology College of ScienceTibet UniversityLhasa850011China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China

The central and western Tibetan Plateau(CWTP)is characterized by harsh environment and strong interactions among the spheres of earth as well as significant changes in climate and water cycles over the past four *** lack of precipitation observations is a bottleneck for the study of land surface processes in this *** the past six years,we have designed and established two observation transects across the south-north and the west-east in this region to obtain hourly rainfall data during the warm season(May-September).The south-north transect extends from Yadong Valley on the southern slope of the Himalayas to Shuanghu County in the hinterland of the plateau,with a total of 31stations;the west-east transect extends from Shiquanhe in the west to Naqu in the central TP,with a total of 22 *** observation dataset has been applied to clarify the spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation in the CWTP,to evaluate the quality of typical gridded precipitation products,to support the development of regional climate models,and to reveal the processes of summertime lake-air *** observation dataset has been released in the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center.

关键词： Central and western Tibetan Plateau Rainfall observation transects Observation uncertainty Spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation Precipitation data evaluation

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Seasonal Variation in Air Temperature and Relative Humidity on Building Areas and in Green Spaces in Beijing, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2020年第1期30卷 75-88页

作者： KUANG Wenhui Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The cooling and humidifying effects of urban parks are an essential component of city ecosystems in terms of regulating microclimates or mitigating urban heat islands(UHIs).Air temperature and relative humidity are two main factors of thermal environmental comfort and have a critical impact on the urban environmental quality of human *** measured the 2-m height air temperature and relative humidity at the Beijing Olympic Park and a nearby building roof for more than 1 year to elucidate seasonal variations in air temperature and relative humidity,as well as to investigate the outdoor thermal *** results showed that the lawn of the park could,on average,reduce the air temperature by(0.80±0.19)℃,and increase the relative humidity by(5.24±2.91)% relative to the values measured at the building roof during *** the nighttime,the lawn of the park reduced the air temperature by(2.64±0.64)℃ and increased the relative humidity by(10.77±5.20)%.The park was cooler and more humid than surrounding building area,especially in night period(more pronounced cooling with 1.84℃).Additionally,the lawn of the park could improve outdoor thermal comfort through its cooling and humidifying *** level of thermal comfort in the park was higher than that around the building roof for a total of 11 days annually in which it was above one or more thermal comfort levels(average reduced human comfort index of 0.92)except during the winter.

关键词： air temperature relative humidity outdoor thermal comfort urban park planning

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Soil erosion effects and mechanisms in the karst peak-cluster depression area from a multi-scale landscape perspective

Transactions in Earth, Environment, and Sustainability

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Transactions in Earth, Environment, and Sustainability 2023年第2-3期1卷 153 - 176页

作者： Fujun Du Yibo Zhang Jiangbo Gao Chao Li Fengxian Huang Liyuan Zuo Yuan Jiang Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences ChinaKey Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of Education East China Normal University ChinaSchool of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of Education East China Normal University ChinaSchool of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University China

The karst regions in southwest China are integral to maintaining regional ecological security. However, escalating human activities in these areas have intensified soil erosion and landscape fragmentation. Clarifying the role of landscape patterns in karst regions as drivers of soil erosion processes is essential for providing crucial support in mitigating regional soil erosion. By utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle detection, this study examined the soil erosion characteristics, driving factors, and interaction effects in peak-cluster depression landscapes. The investigation was conducted at multiple scales, including peak-cluster depression, grid, and patch levels, under the combined ecology–agriculture, ecology–economy and near–nature landscape utilization types. Furthermore, an optimal landscape pattern for alleviating soil erosion was identified. The research findings indicate that the proportions of mild and moderate erosion were higher in the ecology-agriculture landscape utilization type compared to the other two landscapes. In the ecology-economy type, slight soil erosion predominated. Increasing vegetation cover led to a decrease in soil erosion risk in the near-nature landscape utilization type. The interaction effects among factors contributed to an enhanced explanatory power for soil erosion. Particularly, the synergistic effect between vegetation coverage and land use exhibited the most significant influence on soil erosion. The mosaic distribution pattern of soil erosion sources and sinks, as well as the distribution pattern of fragmented source and aggregated sink distribution pattern, effectively mitigated soil loss, leading to reduced soil erosion rates.

关键词： Karst regions landscape pattern peak-cluster depression soil erosion mechanism UAV detection

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Spatially explicit reconstruction of cropland cover for China over the past millennium

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第1期66卷 111-128页

作者： Fanneng HE Fan YANG Caishan ZHAO Shicheng LI Meijiao LI Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development&Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization Jointly Built By Henan Province and Ministry of Education Henan UniversityKaifeng 475001China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Public Administration China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China College of Resources and Environment Shanxi University of Finance and EconomicsTaiyuan 030006China

Reconstructing historical land use and land cover change using explicit temporal,quantitative,and spatial information is not only the prerequisite for simulating long-term climate change and ecological effects but is also a scientific basis for comprehensively understanding the process and mechanism of anthropogenic land use *** changes in historical borders and administrative divisions,a provincial cropland area dataset for China over the past millennium was created on the basis of existing estimations since the Song *** suitability for cultivation was then assessed by incorporating altitude,slope,soil texture,and the maximum potential productivity of ***,a gridding allocation model for cropland was constructed,and the provincial cropland area for 24 years over the past millennium was allocated into grids with a resolution of 10 *** cropland area in China increased from 3.71×10^(7)ha in AD 1000 to 12.92×10^(7)ha in AD 1999,with a peak of 13.50×10^(7)ha in AD *** total cropland area in China showed fluctuating increasing trends that can be divided into three phases:fluctuation without notable net change for AD 1000–1290,slow increase for AD 1290–1661,and rapid increase for AD 1661–***,cropland intensified in the middle-lower reaches of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers and expanded to mountainous and frontier areas over the last ***,over the entire period,the fractional cropland areas(FCAs)in the middle-lower reaches of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers increased by 1.4 and 0.8 times,*** the mid-Qing Dynasty,large-scale land reclamation expanded to areas of low reclamation in southwest and northeast *** FCAs for southwest and northeast China increased from 2.13%and 0.55%in AD 1661 to 18.00%and 26.61%in AD 1999,*** AD 1661–1999,the proportion of cropland increased by 55%in the hills and low mountains and 27%in the middle and high *** comparison wit

关键词： Land use and land cover change Historical cropland Gridding reconstruction China Last millennium

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Integrated Disaster Risk Research of the Qinghai‑Tibet Plateau Under Climate Change

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第4期14卷 507-509页

作者： Tao Ye Peijun Shi Peng Cui Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of EducationBeijing 100875China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences-Higher Education Commission of PakistanIslamabad 45320Pakistan

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent mountainous areas are characterized by signifcant climate diferences,diverse geomorphology,active glaciers,and strong crustal uplift and river *** complex natural environment has led to a variety of natural hazards and disasters,including earthquakes,rock/glacier falls,landslides,debris fows,fash foods,snow avalanches,and thaw *** hazards coexist,overlap,and interact,creating complex chains of disasters and cascading and compound events,and imposing great threat to the local people and socioeconomic *** change is altering the cycles of water,energy,and mass on the Qinghai-Tibet *** is of paramount importance to understand the dynamics of these processes and their impacts on the exposed population and socioeconomic systems under climate change.

关键词： glacier crustal debris

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Solar forcing of desert vegetation and drought frequency during the last 2700 years in the interior Qaidam Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第4期63卷 561-574页

作者： Quan LI Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Knowledge of long-term change in vegetation and climate in semi-arid/arid regions is essential for the study of current climate and development of mitigation strategies against severe drought. Here, a fossil pollen record of annually-varved core from Sugan Lake in interior Qaidam Basin was quantitatively analyzed to reconstruct changes in vegetation, floristic diversity and drought frequency. Results of biomization suggested that regional vegetation was desert vegetation with three short-term occupations of temperate steppe/xerophytic shrub during the last 2700 years. Floristic diversity generally increased/decreased with the expansion/degradation of desert vegetation. Moisture fluctuations showed three distinct stages(extremely dry between 742 BC and ~AD500, relatively wet with an increasing trend between ~AD500 and 1200 and relatively wet with frequent fluctuations after AD1200), interrupted by 14 drought events. Spectral analysis and continuous wavelet transform of moisture variation revealed 200-and 120-year cycles. According to cross-wavelet transform analysis, major drought frequency of ~200-year was explicitly correlated to solar activity. It's suggested that the centennial-scale drought frequency was mainly driven by solar activity, through modulation of large-scale atmospheric circulation. Furthermore, the effect of surface temperature–evaporation and uplifting/subsiding air flow should be notable. The climatic drought in interior Qaidam Basin could be intensified under the continuous global warming.

关键词： Pollen Vegetation change Drought frequency Qaidam Basin Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

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The triggering mechanisms for different types of snow avalanches in the continental snow climate of the central Tianshan Mountains

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第12期65卷 2308-2321页

作者： Jiansheng HAO Peng CUI Xueqin ZHANG Lanhai LI Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences-Higher Education Commission of PakistanIslamabad 45320Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Ili Station for Watershed Ecosystem Research Chinese Academy of SciencesXinyuan 835800China

Climate change and human activities have increased avalanche risks in alpine ***,strengthening the research on mitigating and controlling avalanche disasters is indispensable for sustainable socio-economic development in mountainous *** avalanche warning is an essential means of avalanche disaster ***,the theoretical development and application of avalanche warning strategies remain limited due to the lack of systematic understanding of the triggering mechanisms of *** on observational data(2015–2019)of avalanches,snowpack,meteorological parameters,surface soil temperature and moisture,and topography in avalanche-prone areas in the central Tianshan Mountains,we analyzed the characteristics of different types of avalanches under a continental snow climate and the environmental factors(such as meteorological conditions and snowpack)that trigger avalanches,as well as the triggering mechanisms for different types of avalanches under the continental snow climate in terms of snow-layer shear fracture *** found that the snowpack parameters,weather conditions,and soil temperature and moisture varied significantly among the stages of snow accumulation,stabilization,and melting,resulting in different avalanches prevailing in different stages of snowpack ***,the snow-layer fractures were driven by single external factors or the combined multiple factors under the continental snow ***-four percent of the avalanche events in the study area occurred during or after a snowfall,with 36%related to sudden increases in *** considering different triggering scenarios,snowpack evolution stages,and the coupling of intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of triggering snow-layer shear failure,we constructed five snow-layer shear fracture modes and twelve avalanche-triggering modes on mountain slopes under a continental snow climate.

关键词： Continental snow climate Avalanche disaster Snow-layer failure Shear fracture modes Avalanche-triggering modes Central Tianshan Mountains

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Adaptive evolution of the rural human-environment system in farming and pastoral areas of northern China from 1952-2017

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第6期31卷 859-877页

作者： LI Wenlong KUANG Wenhui LYU Jun ZHAO Zhonghua ZHANG Boyuan Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Beijing 100101China School of Resources and Environmental Economics Inner Mongolia University of Finance and EconomicsInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Economic Data Analysis and MiningHohhot 010070China Tourism School Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China

The theory on the cyclic adaptation between society and ecosystems sheds new light on the evolution and internal structure of human–environment *** paper introduces the risk index(RI)and adaptation capacity index(ACI)to evaluate the rural human–environment *** evaluation index system for the adaptability of rural human–environment systems is configured in the context of climate change and policy *** this basis,the stages,features,dominant control factors,and evolution mechanism were examined vis-à-vis the adaptability of the rural human–environment system in Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner from 1952 to *** main results are as follows:(1)The evolution of the rural human–environment system can be divided into three stages,namely,the reorganization and rapid development stage(1952–2002)with population,cultivated land,livestock and degraded grassland increasing by 260%,13%,134%and 16.33%,*** rapid to stable development stage(2003–2010)with population increasing by 2.8%;cultivated land,livestock and degraded grassland decreasing by 2.3%,13.6%and 10.7%,*** stable to release stage(2011–2017)with population,cultivated land,livestock and degraded grassland decreasing by 2.6%,0.2%,10.6%and 3.8%,respectively.(2)With the passage of time,the ACI of the rural human–environment system first increased slightly(–0.016–0.031),followed by a slight decline(0.031–0.003),and culminating in a rapid increase(0.003–0.088).In terms of spatial patterns,adaptability is high in the middle,moderate in the north,and low in the south.(3)The evolution of adaptability in the rural human–environment system was mainly controlled by the per capita effective irrigation area(22.31%)and the per capita number of livestock(23.47%)from 1990 to 2000,the desertified area(25.06%)and the land use intensity(21.27%)from 2000 to 2005,and the per capita income of farmers and herdsmen(20.08%)and the per capita number of livestock(18.52%)from 2010 to 2007.(4)Un

关键词： rural human–environment system adaptability evolution mechanism farming and pastoral areas

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不同全球变暖目标下中国气候变化风险区域格局

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第3期33卷 429-448页

作者：吴绍洪巢清尘高江波刘路路冯爱青邓浩宇左丽媛刘婉露 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Climate Center Beijing 100081China

Climate change will bring huge risks to human society and the *** climate change risk assessment is an important basic analysis for addressing climate change,which can be expressed as a regional system of comprehensive climate change *** study establishes regional systems of climate change risks under the proposed global warming *** of this work are spatial patterns of climate change risks in China,indicated by the degree of climate change and the status of the risk ***,the risks show significant spatial *** high-risk regions are mainly distributed in East,South,and central China,while the medium-high risk regions are found in North and southwestern *** the 2℃warming target,more than 1/4 of China’s area would be at high and medium-high risk,which is more severe than under the 1.5℃warming target,and would extend to the western and northern *** work provides regional risk characteristics of climate change under different global warming targets as a foundation for dealing with climate change.

关键词： regional system of comprehensive climate change risk global warming targets top-down and bottom-up methods spatial pattern risk receptor

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Use of the Max Ent model to predict changes in sloth bear(Melursus ursinus)habitats in the Gandaki River Basin,Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第7期19卷 1988-1997页

作者： Raju RAI ZHANG Yi-li WANG Zhao-feng Basanta PAUDEL LIU Lin-shan Mohan Kumar RAI Narendra Raj KHANAL Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Institute of Fundamental Research and Studies Kathmandu44600Nepal Kathmandu Center for Research and Education Chinese Academy of Sciences-Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmandu44613Nepal

The Gandaki River Basin(GRB),located in the central Himalaya,provides habitats for a large number of important flora and fauna *** habitats of key protected species have changed over time as a result of climate changes and human activities related to land use change,including the development of *** study assessed the present and future distributions of sloth bear(Melursus ursinus)habitats using the maximum entropy(Max Ent)*** data,a digital elevation model and roads were used as environmental layers to assess current and future distributions of *** show that the overall habitat within the study area is likely to undergo important changes in the *** 8(the mean temperature of the wettest quarter)and slope were found to be important variables affecting the distribution of the *** habitats very highly suitable for sloth bears currently cover an area of 148 km^(2) within the *** habitats are predicted to increase by 122 km^(2) more by ***,a net change by 680.38 km^(2) was found in the *** measures are necessary for this key protected species and its habitat within the GRB and elsewhere in Nepal.

关键词： Sloth bear Melursus ursinus Habitat prediction Max Ent Gandaki River Basin Himalays

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