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Synthesis and photoelectrical performance of nanoscale PbS and Bi2S3 co-sensitized on TiO2 nanotube arrays

Journal of Modern Transportation 2017年第1期25卷 52-57页

作者： Fanggong Cai Min Pan Yong Feng Guo Yan Yong Zhang Yong Zhao Superconductivity and New Energy R&D Center Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials(Ministryof Education of China)Southwest Jiaotong UniversityMail Stop 165#Cheng du 610031People's Republic of China National Engineering Labortary for Superconducting Materials Western Superconducting Technologies Co.LtdXi'anPeople's Republic of China School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031People's Republic of China

TiO2 films have been widely applied in photo- voltaic conversion techniques. TiO2 nanotube arrays （TiO2 NAs） can be grown directly on the surface of metal Ti by the anodic oxidation method. Bi2S3 and PbS nanoparticles （NPs） were firstly co-sensitized on TiOa NAs （denoted as PbS/Bi2S3（n）/TiO2 NAs） by a two-step process containing hydrothermal and sonication-assisted SILAr method. When the concentration of Bi3＋ is 5 mmol/L, the best photoelectrical performance was obtained under simulated solar irradiation. The short-circuit photocurrent （Jsc） and photoconversion efficiency （η） of PbS/Bi2S3（5）/TiO2 NAs electrode were 4.70 mA/cm and 1.13 %, respectively.

关键词： Solar cells TiO2 nanotube arrays Bi2S3 PbS Surface photovoltage

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Large-scale production of extracellular vesicles: report on the “massivEVs” ISEV workshop

Journal of Extracellular Biology

引用

Journal of Extracellular Biology 2022年第10期1卷 e63页

作者： Paolini, Lucia Monguió-Tortajada, Marta Costa, Marta Antenucci, Fabio Barilani, Mario Clos-Sansalvador, Marta Andrade, André Cronemberger driedonks, Tom A. P. Giancaterino, Sara Kronstadt, Stephanie M. Mizenko, rachel r. Nawaz, Muhammad Osteikoetxea, Xabier Pereira, Carla Shrivastava, Surya Boysen, Anders Toftegaard van de Wakker, Simonides Immanuel van Herwijnen, Martijn J. C. Wang, Xiaoqin Watson, dionysios C. Gimona, Mario Kaparakis-Liaskos, Maria Konstantinov, Konstantin Lim, Sai Kiang Meisner-Kober, Nicole Stork, Michiel Nejsum, Peter radeghieri, Annalisa rohde, Eva Touzet, Nicolas Wauben, Marca H. M. Witwer, Kenneth W. Bongiovanni, Antonella Bergese, Paolo Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia Brescia Italy Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI) Department of Chemistry University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia Brescia Italy CREC Research Program Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) Badalona Spain Heart Institute (iCor) Cardiology Department Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital Badalona Spain iBET Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Oeiras Portugal Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras Portugal Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine ‒ Cell Factory Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy REMAR-IGTP Group Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP) Catalonia Badalona (Barcelona) Spain Department of Cell Biology Physiology and Immunology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Bellaterra Spain Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy Institute (ExCT) Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria CDL Research University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD United States Department of Civil Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Bologna Italy Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Davis CA United States Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research Institute of Medicine

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) large-scale production is a crucial point for the translation of EVs from discovery to application of EV-based products. In October 2021, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), along with support by the FET-OPEN projects, “The Extracellular Vesicle Foundry” (evFOUNdrY) and “Extracellular vesicles from a natural source for tailor-made nanomaterials” (VES4US), organized a workshop entitled “massivEVs” to discuss the potential challenges for translation of EV-based products. This report gives an overview of the topics discussed during “massivEVs”, the most important points raised, and the points of consensus reached after discussion among academia and industry representatives. Overall, the review of the existing EV manufacturing, upscaling challenges and directions for their resolution highlighted in the workshop painted an optimistic future for the expanding EV field. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.

关键词： EV-based products extracellular vesicles ISEV workshop large-scale production manufacturing processing regulatory issues

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Polybenzimidazole membranes with nanophase-separated structure induced by non-ionic hydrophilic side chains for vanadium flow batteries

引用

Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2017年第9期6卷 3895-3905页

作者： Sangshan Peng Xuemei Wu Xiaoming Yan Li Gao Yangzhi Zhu daishuang Zhang Jie Li Qian Wang Gaohong He State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Panjin China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Materials Science Engineering Program Bourns College of Engineering University of California Riverside California 92521 USA

Polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes with nanophase-separated structure induced by non-ionic hydrophilic side chain are designed and fabricated for vanadium flow batteries (VFBs). The designed PBI membranes are prepared by grafting non-ionic hydrophilic side chains via an N-substitution reaction. This molecular modification induces nanophase separation and formation of hydrophilic clusters, which act as effective proton transfer pathways, hence dramatically improving the proton conductivity. Meanwhile, the vanadium permeability is inappreciable due to the appropriate size of hydrophilic clusters and donnan exclusion of protonated grafted-PBI membranes (GPBI). Free from ion exchange groups, GPBI membranes maintain the good chemical stability of the pristine PBI membrane. As a result, the designed membrane exhibits an impressive performance, combining ultrahigh proton conductivity, ion selectivity and chemical stability. The GPBI-based VFB exhibits a coulombic efficiency of over 99% and an energy efficiency of 84% at 120 mA cm⁻², the highest reported for dense PBI membranes for VFB applications. The decent stability of GPBI membranes is demonstrated by the stable performance over 200 charge–discharge cycles and the ex situ immersion test. This work provides a new insight into the design of high-performance PBI membranes for VFB applications.

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First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, david Baloković, Mislav Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan d. Brissenden, roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Byun, do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Ceccobello, Chiara Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu davelaar, Jordy de Laurentis, Mariafelicia deane, roger dempsey, Jessica desvignes, Gregory dexter, Jason dhruv, Vedant doeleman, Sheperd S. dougal, Sean dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, ralph P. Emami, razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Ed Ford, H. Alyson Fraga-Encinas, raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, roman Gómez-ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, daryl Haworth, Kari Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, ronald Heumann, dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, david H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, david J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael d. Jorstad, Svetlana Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yutaro Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Carsten Kramer, Michael Krichbaum, Thomas P. Ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot ValènciaE-46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna ValènciaE-46980 Spain Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics Yale University 52 Hillhouse Avenue New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory MS209 P.O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States East Asian Observatory 660 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States 660 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard PasadenaCA91125 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 645 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI

We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A∗), the Galactic center source associated with a supermassive black hole. These observations were conducted in 2017 using a global interferometric array of eight telescopes operating at a wavelength of λ = 1.3 mm. The EHT data resolve a compact emission region with intrahour variability. A variety of imaging and modeling analyses all support an image that is dominated by a bright, thick ring with a diameter of 51.8 ± 2.3 µas (68% credible interval). The ring has modest azimuthal brightness asymmetry and a comparatively dim interior. Using a large suite of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the EHT images of Sgr A∗ are consistent with the expected appearance of a Kerr black hole with mass ∼4 × 106 M☉, which is inferred to exist at this location based on previous infrared observations of individual stellar orbits as well as maser proper motion studies. Our model comparisons disfavor scenarios where the black hole is viewed at high inclination (i > 50◦), as well as non-spinning black holes and those with retrograde accretion disks. Our results provide direct evidence for the presence of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, and for the first time we connect the predictions from dynamical measurements of stellar orbits on scales of 103 − 105 gravitational radii to event horizon-scale images and variability. Furthermore, a comparison with the EHT results for the supermassive black hole M87∗ shows consistency with the predictions of general relativity spanning over three orders of magnitude in central mass. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Telescopes

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Study on the cranktrain transient impact caused by dMF

Study on the cranktrain transient impact caused by DMF

引用

International Conference on Power Transmissions, ICPT 2016

作者： Yang, Jincai Li, Xiaofeng Zheng, Zhaolei Hu, Tiegang Li, Fengqin Chongqing Changan Automobile Co. Ltd Powertrain R&D Institute Chongqing China Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems Ministry of Education Chongqing University Chongqing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781138032675

The dual Mass Flywheel (dMF) has been widely used to increase the consumers’ demand of the driving comfort. The dMF not only improves torsional vibration performance of the driveline, but also causes impact problems during transmission shifting. The engine timing system of a passenger car was found in disorder during the Pascar test. The problem was approved to be caused by the dMF impact. The transient response of the driveline during the clutch engagement was simulated to find the reasons of the impact. The impulsion effects of flywheel inertia, system damping, and engaging time were studied. The results indicate that the clutch engaging time mainly affects the transient impact;the impact caused by the flywheel decreases when the engaging time becomes longer. rig tests validated the simulation results. The impact problem of the vehicle was solved effectively. © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Transient analysis

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A surface tension based method for measuring oil dispersant concentration in seawater

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MArINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016年第1期109卷 49-54页

作者： Cai, Zhengqing Gong, Yanyan Liu, Wen Fu, Jie O'reilly, S. E. Hao, Xiaodi Zhao, dongye Auburn Univ Dept Civil Engn Environm Engn Program Auburn AL 36849 USA Bur Ocean Energy Management GOM Reg Off Environm New Orleans LA 70123 USA Beijing Univ Civil Engn & Architecture Minist Educ Key Lab Urban Stormwater Syst & Water Environm R&D Ctr Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Beijing 100044 Peoples R China

This work developed a new method to determine concentration of Corexit EC9500A, and likely other oil dispersants, in seawater. Based on the principle that oil dispersants decrease surface tension, a linear correlation was established between the dispersant concentration and surface tension. Thus, the dispersant concentration can be determined by measuring surface tension. The method can accurately analyze Corexit EC9500A in the concentration range of 0.5-23.5 mg/L. Minor changes in solution salinity (<0.3%), pH (7.9-9.0), and dissolved organic matter (<2.0 mg/L as TOC) had negligible effects on the measurements. Moreover, effects of extracts from marine sediments were negligible, and thus, the method may be directly applied to seawater-sediment systems. The method accuracy was confirmed by comparing with direct TOC analysis. This simple, fast, economical method offers a convenient analytical tool for quantifying complex oil dispersants in water/seawater, which has been desired by the oil spill research community and industries. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oil dispersant dispersant Surfactant Surface tension Oil spill Marine pollution

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Effect of vertical vibration on the stability of Side-Suspending HTS Maglev rotating System with trimodal structure PMG

引用

Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期1054卷

作者： Li-Feng Zhao Meng-Liang Yao Lin-Bo Li Xifeng Pan da-Jin Zhou Jing Jiang Yong Zhang Yong Zhao Key Laboratory of Magnetic Suspension Technology and Maglev Vehicle Ministry of Education Chengdu 610031 China. Superconductivity and New Energy R&D Center Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China. National Engineering Laboratory for Superconducting Materials (NELSM) Western Superconducting Technologies Company Ltd. (WST) Xi'an 710018 China.

By changing the vibration amplitude, side-suspending gap and load of side-suspending maglev system, respectively, the influence of vertical vibration on the bearing stability of the side-suspending high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev system with trimodal structure permanent magnetic guideway (PMG) is investigated. The results show that the attenuation of the side-suspending height increases with the increase of the vibration amplitude, side-suspending gap and load, respectively. However, the overall decrease of the side-suspending height is not larger than 1.5 mm under all situations, and it will not affect the stability of the side-suspending maglev system apparently.

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Charging Unplugged Will distributed Laser Charging for Mobile Wireless Power Transfer Work?

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IEEE VEHICULAr TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2016年第4期11卷 36-45页

作者： Liu, Qingwen Wu, Jun Xia, Pengfei Zhao, Shengjie Yang, Yanping Chen, Wei Hanzo, Lajos Tongji Univ Dept Comp Sci & Technol Shanghai Peoples R China Huawei Shenzhen Peoples R China Broadcom Irvine CA USA Tongji Univ Shanghai Peoples R China Tongji Univ Key Lab Embedded Syst & Serv Comp Shanghai Peoples R China Tongji Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Shanghai Peoples R China Fourth Top Project Big Data Shanghai Peoples R China Natl Basic Res Program China 973Program Shanghai Peoples R China TD LTE Adv Syst Res & Dev Natl Sci & Technol Specif Projects China Shanghai Peoples R China Thousand Talents Program China Shanghai Peoples R China Sigma Xi Shanghai Peoples R China Natl Digital Switching Syst Engn & Technol R&D Ct Zhengzhou Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing Peoples R China Univ Southampton Sch Elect & Comp Sci Southampton SO9 5NH Hants England Tsinghua Univ Beijing Peoples R China Royal Acad Engn London England Inst Engn & Technol London England European Assoc Signal Proc London England

Increasing the battery-recharge period of smartphones is becoming a challenge since their power consumption is increased as a result of enhanced functions that require sophisticated multimedia signal processing. An attractive solution is constituted by wireless charging, which is capable of replenishing the battery over the ether. Given this motivation, we present the fundamental physics and the related system structure of a promising wireless charging technique, i.e., distributed laser charging (dLC). relying on dLC's unique features, we may be capable of transmitting approximately 2 W of power up to a distance of about 10 m. Following the comparison of the other three major wireless charging techniques, i.e., inductive coupling, magnetic resonance coupling, and microwave radiation, we demonstrate the benefits of dLC in the context of mobile applications. We then propose a pair of wireless charging network architectures, i.e., a dLC-aided, infrastructure-based network and a dLC-based ad-hoc network. These network architectures illustrate the potential of dLC in realizing the fully charged utopia for any device, anywhere, and anytime.

关键词： Laser Mobile distribute

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Emerging Technology for 5G Enabled Vehicular Networks

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IEEE TrANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAr TECHNOLOGY 2016年第10期65卷 7827-7830页

作者： Luan, Tom H. Chen, Cailian Vinel, Alexey Cai, Lin Chen, Shanzhi Deakin Univ Sch Informat Technol Mobile & Apps Melbourne Vic Australia Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Automat Shanghai Peoples R China IEEE Globecom Washington DC USA Halmstad Univ Sch Informat Technol Comp Commun Halmstad Sweden Univ Victoria Dept Elect & Comp Engn Victoria BC Canada Datang Telecom Technol & Ind Grp Beijing Peoples R China 863 Hitech R&D Program China Steering Expert Grp Informat Technol Beijing Peoples R China State Key Lab Wireless Mobile Commun Beijing Peoples R China Semicond Mfg Int Corp Shanghai Peoples R China

The papers in this special section focus on 5G mobile communication enabled vehicular networks. This section is designed to provide the academic and industrial communities an excellent venue to present the vision, res... 详细信息

关键词： Special issues and sections 5G mobile communication Vehicle ad hoc networks Intelligent vehicles Wireless networks

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SYMBA: An end-to-end VLBI synthetic data generation pipeline Simulating Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： roelofs, F. Janssen, M. Natarajan, I. deane, r. davelaar, J. Olivares, H. Porth, O. Paine, S.N. Bouman, K.L. Tilanus, r.P.J. van Bemmel, I.M. Falcke, H. Akiyama, K. Alberdi, A. Alef, W. Asada, K. Azulay, r. Baczko, A. Ball, d. Baloković, M. Barrett, J. Bintley, d. Blackburn, L. Boland, W. Bower, G.C. Bremer, M. Brinkerink, C.d. Brissenden, r. Britzen, S. Broderick, A.E. Broguiere, d. Bronzwaer, T. Byun, d. Carlstrom, J.E. Chael, A. Chan, C. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, K. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Cho, I. Christian, P. Conway, J.E. Cordes, J.M. Crew, G.B. Cui, Y. de Laurentis, M. dempsey, J. desvignes, G. dexter, J. doeleman, S.S. Eatough, r.P. Fish, V.L. Fomalont, E. Fraga-Encinas, r. Friberg, P. Fromm, C.M. Gómez, J.L. Galison, P. Gammie, C.F. García, r. Gentaz, O. Georgiev, B. Goddi, C. Gold, r. Gu, M. Gurwell, M. Hada, K. Hecht, M.H. Hesper, r. Ho, L.C. Ho, P. Honma, M. Huang, C.L. Huang, L. Hughes, d.H. Ikeda, S. Inoue, M. Issaoun, S. James, d.J. Jannuzi, B.T. Jeter, B. Jiang, W. Johnson, M.d. Jorstad, S. Jung, T. Karami, M. Karuppusamy, r. Kawashima, T. Keating, G.K. Kettenis, M. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kino, M. Koay, J.Y. Koch, P.M. Koyama, S. Kramer, M. Kramer, C. Krichbaum, T.P. Kuo, C. Lauer, T.r. Lee, S. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lindqvist, M. Lico, r. Liu, K. Liuzzo, E. Lo, W. Lobanov, A.P. Loinard, L. Lonsdale, C. Lu, r. Macdonald, N.r. Mao, J. Markoff, S. Marrone, d.P. Marscher, A.P. Martí-Vidal, I. Matsushita, S. Matthews, L.d. Medeiros, L. Menten, K.M. Mizuno, Y. Mizuno, I. Moran, J.M. Moriyama, K. Moscibrodzka, M. Müller, C. Nagai, H. Nagar, N.M. Nakamura, M. Narayan, r. Narayanan, G. Neri, r. Ni, C. Noutsos, A. Okino, H. Olivares, H. Ortiz-León, G.N. Oyama, T. Özel, F. Palumbo, d.C.M. Patel, N. Pen, U. Pesce, d.W. Piétu, V. Plambeck, r. PopStefanija, A. Prather, B. Preciado-López, J.A. Psaltis, d. Pu, H. ramakrishnan, V. Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Centre for Radio Astronomy Techniques and Technologies Department of Physics and Electronics Rhodes University Grahamstown6140 South Africa Department of Physics University of Pretoria Lynnwood Road Hatfield Pretoria0083 South Africa Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 Frankfurt am MainD-60438 Germany Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 Amsterdam1098 XH Netherlands Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard PasadenaCA91125 United States Leiden Observatory-Allegro Leiden University P.O. Box 9513 Leiden2300 RA Netherlands Postbus 93138 Den Haag2509 AC Netherlands Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4 PD Dwingeloo7991 Netherlands National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Rd CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot ValènciaE-46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna ValènciaE-46980 Spain Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States East Asian Observatory

Context. realistic synthetic observations of theoretical source models are essential for our understanding of real observational data. In using synthetic data, one can verify the extent to which source parameters can be recovered and evaluate how various data corruption effects can be calibrated. These studies are the most important when proposing observations of new sources, in the characterization of the capabilities of new or upgraded instruments, and when verifying model-based theoretical predictions in a direct comparison with observational data. Aims. We present the SYnthetic Measurement creator for long Baseline Arrays (SYMBA), a novel synthetic data generation pipeline for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations. SYMBA takes into account several realistic atmospheric, instrumental, and calibration effects. Methods. We used SYMBA to create synthetic observations for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a millimetre VLBI array, which has recently captured the first image of a black hole shadow. After testing SYMBA with simple source and corruption models, we study the importance of including all corruption and calibration effects, compared to the addition of thermal noise only. Using synthetic data based on two example general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GrMHd) model images of M87, we performed case studies to assess the image quality that can be obtained with the current and future EHT array for different weather conditions. results. Our synthetic observations show that the effects of atmospheric and instrumental corruptions on the measured visibilities are significant. despite these effects, we demonstrate how the overall structure of our GrMHd source models can be recovered robustly with the EHT2017 array after performing calibration steps, which include fringe fitting, a priori amplitude and network calibration, and self-calibration. With the planned addition of new stations to the EHT array in the coming years, images could be reconstru

关键词： Telescopes

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