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Estimating the grain size of microgranular material using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with machine learning algorithms

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第5期26卷 129-137页

作者：张朝李亚举杨光辉曾强李小龙陈良文钱东斌孙对兄苏茂根杨磊张少锋马新文 Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Functional Materials of Gansu Province College of Physics and Electronic EngineeringNorthwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070People’s Republic of China Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong LaboratoryHuizhou 516000People’s Republic of China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000People’s Republic of China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China

Recent work has validated a new method for estimating the grain size of microgranular materials in the range of tens to hundreds of micrometers using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS).In this situation,a piecewise univariate model must be constructed to estimate grain size due to the complex dependence of the plasma formation environment on grain *** the present work,we tentatively construct a unified calibration model suitable for LIBS-based estimation of those grain ***,two unified multivariate calibration models are constructed based on back-propagation neural network(BPNN)algorithms using feature selection strategies with and without considering prior *** detailed analysis of the performances of the two multivariate models,it was found that a unified calibration model can be successfully constructed based on BPNN algorithms for estimating the grain size in the range of tens to hundreds of *** was also found that the model constructed with a priorguided feature selection strategy had better prediction *** study has practical significance in developing the technology for material analysis using LIBS,especially when the LIBS signal exhibits a complex dependence on the material parameter to be estimated.

关键词： laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy machine learning randomly packed microgranular materials

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Failure evolution and instability prediction of fiber-reinforced polymer-confined cement mortar specimens under axial compression

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Environmental science and Pollution Research 2024年第20期31卷 29730-29748页

作者： Li, Jian Bai, Jinwen Han, Yanna Feng, Guorui Shi, Xudong Ma, Junbiao Cui, Boqiang Wang, Kai Mi, Jiachen College of Mining Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Shanxi Province Taiyuan030024 China Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province for Mine Rock Strata Control and Disaster Prevention Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan030024 China Department of Mining Engineering Shanxi Institute of Energy Jinzhong030600 China College of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Taiyuan030024 China

In geotechnical engineering, a large number of pillars are often left in underground space to support the overlying strata and protect the surface environment. To enhance pillar stability and prevent instability, this study proposes an innovative technology for pillar reinforcement. Specifically, local confinement of the pillar is achieved through fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strips, resulting in the formation of a more stable composite structure. In order to validate the effectiveness of this structural approach, acoustic emission characteristics and surface strain field characteristics were monitored during failure processes, while mathematical models were employed to predict specimen instability. The test results revealed that increasing FRP strip confinement width led to heightened activity in acoustic emission events during failure processes, accompanied by a decrease in shear cracks but an increase in tensile cracks. Moreover, ductility was improved and deformation resistance capacity was enhanced within specimens. Notably, initial crack generation occurred within unconfined regions of specimens during failures;however, both length and width as well as overall numbers of cracks significantly decreased due to implementation of FRP strips. Consequently, specimen failure speed was slowed down accordingly. Finally, the instability of the partial FRP-confined cement mortar could be more accurately predicted based on the model of FRP-confined concrete. It was verified by the test results. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Stability

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Effect of Al/Sc atomic ratio on the electrical conductivity,mechanical properties, and thermal stability of pure copper

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2025年 1034卷

作者： Dong, Jincan Liu, Haitao Li, Weiqiang Hou, Zhenguo Zhang, Zihao Zhang, Siyu Song, Kexing School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang471023 China Institute of Materials Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou450046 China Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Conductor Materials Zhengzhou450046 China

This study examined the impact of the Al/Sc atomic ratio on the electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of pure copper. By regulating the Al/Sc atomic ratio within the range of 1–3, the microstructure of the alloy was characterized via OM, EBSD, and TEM, among other methods. The results demonstrated that when the Al/Sc atomic ratio was approximately 3, the overall performance of the alloy was the most favorable. After a series of processing treatments, the conductivity, hardness and tensile strength in the cold-rolled state are 87.2 % IACS, 145 HV and 396 MPa respectively, and the softening temperature is approximately 510°C. After being treated at 850°C for 30 min, the conductivity increases to 95.6 % IACS, the hardness decreases to 57.4 HV, and the average grain size is 72.92μm. When the atomic ratio of Al/Sc is approximately 3:1, under high-temperature conditions, Sc atoms almost entirely take part in the formation of oxide precipitation phases (such as Al2O3 and AlScO3), preventing the formation of excessive Sc solid solution or coarse phases (such as AlSc2). Furthermore, a large quantity of spherical Al2O3 precipitated phases with a size of approximately 6.9 nm, which are dispersed within the grain boundaries, have been formed. These small-sized particles offer a high density of pinning points. Simultaneously, ellipsoidal AlScO3 precipitated phases with a size of approximately 18 nm have been formed on the grain boundaries,The larger particles can effectively stabilize the grain boundaries and inhibit their migration rate under high temperatures, thereby significantly improving the strength and thermal stability of the alloy. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Tensile strength

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Ca&Mn dual-ion hybrid nanostimulator boosting anti-tumor immunity via ferroptosis and innate immunity awakening

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Bioactive materials 2024年第3期33卷 483-496页

作者： Xi Deng Tianzhi Liu Yutong Zhu Jufeng Chen Ze Song Zhangpeng Shi Hangrong Chen State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050PR China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049PR China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310024PR China Nanotechnology and Intestinal Microecology Research Center Shanghai Tenth People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200072PR China

Limited by low tumor immunogenicity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME),triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)has been poorly responsive to immunotherapy so ***,a Ca&Mn dual-ion hybrid nanostimulator(CMS)is constructed to enhance anti-tumor immunity through ferroptosis inducing and innate immunity awakening,which can serve as a ferroptosis inducer and immunoadjuvant for TNBC *** one hand,glutathione(GSH)depletion and reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation can be achieved due to the mixed valence state of Mn in *** the other hand,as an exotic Ca2+supplier,CMS causes mitochondrial Ca2+overload,which further amplifies the oxidative ***,tumor cells undergo ferroptosis because of the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and accumulation of lipid peroxidation(LPO).More impressively,CMS can act as an immunoadjuvant to awaken innate immunity by alleviating intra-tumor hypoxia and Mn2+-induced activation of the STING signaling pathway,which promotes polarization of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)and activation of dendritic cells(DCs)for antigen presentation and subsequent infiltration of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)into tumor *** together,this work demonstrates a novel strategy of simultaneously inducing ferroptosis and awakening innate immunity,offering a new perspective for effective tumor immunotherapy of TNBC.

关键词： Immunotherapy Ferroptosis Innate immunity STING signaling pathway Calcium carbonate nanoparticles Manganese

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Inverse single-site Fe_(1)(OH)_(x)/Pt(111)model catalyst for preferential oxidation of CO in H_(2)

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Nano Research 2022年第1期15卷 709-715页

作者： Chunlei Wang Heloise Tissot Markus Soldemo Junling Lu Jonas Weissenrieder Materials and Nano Physics School of Engineering SciencesKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm SE-10044Sweden Department of Engineering and Physics Karlstad UniversityKarlstad SE-65188Sweden Department of Chemical Physics Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleKey Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Inverse oxide/metal model systems are frequently used to investigate catalytic structure-function relationships at an atomic *** means of a novel atomic layer deposition process,growth of single-site Fe_(1)O_(x) on a Pt(111)single crystal surface was achieved,as confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy(STM).The redox properties of the catalyst were characterized by synchrotron radiation based ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(AP-XPS).After calcination treatment at 373 K in 1 mbar O_(2).the chemical state of the catalyst was determined as Fe^(3+).Reduction in 1 mbar H_(2) at 373 K demonstrates a facile reduction to Fe2+and complete hydroxylation at significantly lower temperatures than what has been reported for iron oxide *** reaction conditions relevant for preferential oxidation of CO in H_(2)(PROX),the catalyst exhibits a Fe3+state(ferric hydroxide)at 298 K while re-oxidation of iron oxide clusters does not occur under the same *** oxidation proceeds on the single-site Fei(OH)3 through a mechanism including the loss of hydroxyl groups in the temperature range of 373 to 473 K,but no reaction is observed on iron oxide *** results highlight the high flexibility of the single iron atom catalyst in switching oxidation states,not observed for iron oxide nanoparticles under similar reaction conditions,which may indicate a higher intrinsic activity of such single interfacial sites than the conventional metal-oxide *** summary,our findings of the redox properties on inverse single-site iron oxide model catalyst may provide new insights into applied Fe-Pt catalysis.

关键词： inverse single-site model catalyst Fe_(1)O_(x)/PPt(111) PROX atomic layer deposition synchrotron radiation AP-XPS STM

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Research on strength-ductility and fracture behavior of ultra-fine bio-magnesium alloys via double-sided friction stir processing using liquid CO2 cooling

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2025年

作者： Sheng, Kun Guan, Shaokang Sun, Yufeng Morisada, Yoshiaki Fujii, Hidetoshi Institute for Genetic Engineering of Materials Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou450046 China School of Materials Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloys Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold Ministry of Education Zhengzhou450002 China Osaka University Osaka567-0047 Japan

Bio-magnesium (Mg) alloys exhibit excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, making them highly promising for implant applications. However, their limited strength-ductility balance remains a critical challenge restricting widespread use. In this study, ultra-fine-grained and homogeneous Mg alloys were fabricated using double-sided friction stir processing (DS-FSP) with liquid CO₂ rapid cooling, leading to a significant enhancement in the strength-ductility synergy of the stirred zone. The results demonstrate that DS-FSP samples exhibit simultaneous improvements in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation, reaching 334.1 ± 15 MPa and 28.2 ± 7.3 %, respectively. Compared to the non-uniform fine-grained microstructure obtained through single-sided friction stir processing, DS-FSP generates a uniform ultra-fine-grained structure, fundamentally altering the fracture behavior and mechanisms of Mg alloys. The DS-FSP samples exhibit irregular fracture patterns due to variations in basal slip system activation among different grains. In contrast, single-sided friction stir processing samples, characterized by a fine-grained yet heterogeneous microstructure, display flat shear fractures dominated by high-density dislocation initiation induced by twin formation, with fracture propagation dictated by the non-uniform texture. By achieving an ultra-fine grain size and homogeneous texture, DS-FSP effectively modifies the fracture mechanisms, thereby enhancing the strength-ductility balance of bio-magnesium alloys. © 2025

关键词： Magnesium alloys

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Ultrahigh Energy Storage in Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics with Core–Shell Grains

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advanced Functional materials 2025年

作者： Chai, Qizhen Tan, Peng Zhang, Leiyang Liu, Zhaobo Dang, Santan Peng, Zhanhui Wu, Di Xu, Xiaodong Xing, Bohan Chao, Xiaolian Huang, Houbing Zhang, Shujun Yang, Zupei Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Shaanxi Xi'an710062 China School of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of Wollongong WollongongNSW2500 Australia

The achievement of record-high energy storage performance in relaxor-ferroelectric bulk ceramics represents a major advancement in the field of dielectric capacitors. Nonetheless, a trade-off between breakdown strength and polarization has typically limited the optimization of overall performance. Here, guided by a rational composition design, K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based bulk ceramics are fabricated with grain core–shell structures and polymorphic nanodomains, leading to a synergistic enhancement of breakdown strength and polarization. This results in an unprecedented recoverable energy density of ≈20.4 J·cm−3 and an energy efficiency of ≈90% at an electric field of ≈1020 kV·cm−1. Additionally, the ceramics exhibits excellent charge–discharge performance, including a high discharge energy density of ≈6.0 J·cm−3 and an ultrashort discharge time of ≈42 ns at 500 kV·cm−1, along with superior reliability and stability. These advancements are expected to provide valuable insights for the exploration and utilization of advanced dielectric materials. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Ferroelectric ceramics

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In-situ self-templated preparation of porous core-shell Fe_(1-x)S@N,S co-doped carbon architecture for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第3期30卷 310-317页

作者： Zhi Li Wei Wang Minjie Zhou Binhong He Wenqing Ren Liang Chen Wenyuan Xu Zhaohui Hou Yangyang Chen Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Science and TechnologyYueyang 414006HunanChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta 30332GAUnited States

Transition metal compound(TMC)/carbon hybrids,as prospering electrocatalyst,have attracted great attention in the field of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Their morphology,structure and composition often play a crucial role in determining the ORR *** this work,we for the first time report the successful fabrication of porous core-shell Fe_(1-x)S@N,S co-doped carbon(Fe_(1-x)S@NSC-t,t represents etching time)by a novel in-situ self-template induced strategy using Fe3O4 nanospheres and pyrrole as sacrificial *** post-polymerization of pyrrole can be accomplished by the Fe^(3+)released through the etching of Fe_(3)O_(4) by HCl ***,the etching time has a significant effect on the morphology,structure,composition a nd ORR performance of Fe_(1-x)S@*** on the cha racterizations,we find Fe_(1-x)S@NSC-24 can realize effective and balanced combination of Fe_(1-x)S and NSC,possessing porous core-shell architecture,optimized structure defect,specific surface area and doped heteroatoms configurations(especially for pyridinic N,graphitic N and Fe-N structure).These features thus lead to outstanding catalytic activity and cycling stability towards *** work provides a good guidance on the design of TMC/carbon-based electrodes with unique stable morphology and optimized structure and composition.

关键词： In-situ self-template Induced polymerization Porous core-shell Fe_(1-x)S@NSC Oxygen reduction reaction

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of weld metal in laser and gas metal arc hybrid welding of 440-MPa-grade high-strength steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021年第7期28卷 853-861页

作者： Fu-xing Yin Xu-chen Li Cui-xin Chen Lin Zhao Yun Peng Zhi-ling Tian School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology for Advanced Materials Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081China

Fiber laser and gas metal arc hybrid welding of 440-MPa-grade high-strength marine steel was carried out at different welding *** influence of welding speed on the micro structure and mechanical properties of weld metal was *** weld-metal microstructure mainly consisted of pre-eutectoid ferrite,side-plate ferrite,acicular ferrite and lath bainite at a low welding *** the increase in welding speed,acicular ferrite and lath bainite were the dominant weld-metal *** samples failed at the base metal during tensile tests,which indicates that there is no soft zone in the hybrid *** welding speed had a significant effect on the impact toughness of the weld *** impact absorbed energy of the weld metal increased from 35 to 105 J with the increase in welding speed from 0.8 to 2.0 m/*** amounts of acicular ferrite and lath bainite were formed in the weld metal at a high welding speed,which resulted in an excellent impact toughness.

关键词： Laser-arc hybrid welding High-strength steel Microstructure Mechanical property

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Single-Site Cu-Doped PdSn Wavy Nanowires for Highly Active,Stable,and CO-Tolerant Ethanol Oxidation Electrocatalysis

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Precision Chemistry 2023年第6期1卷 363-371页

作者： Jiaqi Su Jie Feng Yonggang Feng Shangheng Liu Bingyan Xu Yue Lin Jinyu Ye Ying Zhang Youyong Li Qi Shao Xiaoqing Huang College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Soochow UniversityJiangsu 215123China State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China

Developing a catalyst to break the tradeoff relation-ship between the catalytic activity and antipoisoning property toward the ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)is of critical importance to the development of direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs),but remains ***,we developed a unique class of single-site Cu-doped PdSn wavy nanowires(denoted as SS Cu−PdSn WNWs)with promoted activity and durability toward alkaline *** characterizations reveal the atomic isolation of Cu species dispersed on the surface of the PdSn WNWs with distinct wavy structure and grain *** created SS Cu−PdSn WNWs exhibit an enhanced EOR performance in terms of mass activity,which is higher than those of PdSn WNWs,commercial Pd black,and commercial Pd/C,***,the SS Cu−PdSn WNWs can also show improved stability as compared to other catalysts due to the improved antipoisoning property from the unique surface anchoring *** investigations demonstrate that the doped SS Cu can strongly inhibit the adsorption of CO and promote the reaction process of *** results reveal that the doped Cu shifts down the d-band center of PdSn,thereby modifying the adsorption of intermediates and reducing the reaction barrier of *** work maps a pathway for optimally boosting EOR performance with surface engineering via atomic doping.

关键词： single site PdSn nanowire ethanol oxidation reaction CO tolerant electrocatalysis

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