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中国循证医学杂志 2010年第3期10卷 262-268页

作者： John N Lavis Michael G Wilson Andrew D Oxman Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 李鸿浩蒋兰慧王莉李幼平 Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Political Science McMaster University 1200 Main St. West HSC-2D3 Hamilton ON Canada L8N 3Z5 Health Research Methodology PhD Program and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics 1200 Main St. West HSC-2D1 Area Hamilton ON Canada L8N 3Z5 Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services P.O. Box 7004 St. Olavs plass N-0130 Oslo Norway Health Systems Research Unit Medical Research Council of South Africa Section for International Health Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Norway

政策制定者及其决策支持者常发现他们会面临一些促使他们想找到定义一个问题的最佳方法的情况,包括如在议会上被问及一个棘手或有挑战性的问题或成为头条新闻的问题。政策制定者想找准问题的动机多种多样.从想确定是否该对他人认为重要... 详细信息

政策制定者及其决策支持者常发现他们会面临一些促使他们想找到定义一个问题的最佳方法的情况,包括如在议会上被问及一个棘手或有挑战性的问题或成为头条新闻的问题。政策制定者想找准问题的动机多种多样.从想确定是否该对他人认为重要的问题给予重视,到如何说服他人认同某一问题的重要性。围绕如何定义一个问题的争论和努力是政策制定过程中至关重要的部分。这些争论和努力的结果将影响决策者决定是否采取行动来解决问题及对其决定如何采取措施也有部分影响。这些并行事件与政策和项目方案(如发表一份展示特定方案效果的报告),或政治事件(如对某一问题感兴趣的人被任命为卫生部长)有关。我们在本文中提出以下问题来指导那些需要定义问题并描述问题特点的人:①问题是什么?②问题是如何引起关注的?该过程是否会影响解决这一问题的前景?③应使用或收集什么指标来确定问题的重要程度和评估问题解决的进展程度?④应采用何种对照来确定问题的重要程度并评估问题解决的进展程度?⑤应如何拟订(或描述)问题来动员不同群体?

关键词：卫生决策证据工具制定过程卫生部长题解评估

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知证卫生决策工具之九--系统评价结果的适用性评价

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中国循证医学杂志 2010年第4期10卷 398-404页

作者： John N Lavis Andrew D Oxman Nathan M Souza Simon Lewin Russell L Gruen Atle Fretheim 李幼平杨晓妍陈群飞蒋兰慧 Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatisticsand Department of Political ScienceMcMaster University1200 Main St. WestHSC-2D3HamiltonONCanadaL8N 3Z5 Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services P.O. Box 7004St. Olavs plassN-0130 OsloNorway Health Research Methodology PhD Program and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics 1200 Main St. WestHSC-2D1 AreaHamiltonONCanadaL8N 3Z5 Health Systems Research Unit Medical Research Council of South Africa The Alfred Hospital Monash UniversityLevel 489 Commercial RdMelbourneVICAustralia 3004 Section for International Health Institute of General Practice and Community MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway

卫生体系的差异往往使得在某种环境下适用的卫生政策或规划不适用于其他情况,或这种差异使相同的卫生政策或规划在不同环境下起作用的方式不同,甚至使其效果大相径庭。因此,决策者及其支持者所面临的最大挑战是需弄清支持某一决策的研... 详细信息

卫生体系的差异往往使得在某种环境下适用的卫生政策或规划不适用于其他情况,或这种差异使相同的卫生政策或规划在不同环境下起作用的方式不同,甚至使其效果大相径庭。因此,决策者及其支持者所面临的最大挑战是需弄清支持某一决策的研究证据是否适用于他们所处的环境。系统评价通过总结各种背景下的研究证据而使这一问题迎刃而解。但许多系统评价并未对描述原始研究的实施背景。本文建议用下面几个问题来指导决策者评价系统评价结果在特定环境下的适用性:①系统评价纳入研究的实施背景是否相同或研究结果是否能在不同环境下或不同时期内保持一致性?②有可能明显改变决策的可接受性和可行性的现实条件和制约因素是否存在重要差异?③在卫生系统制度方面是否存在重要差异从而意味着某种决策不能以同样的方式起作用?④基线情况是否存在重要差异以至于产生不同的绝对效应,尽管相对效应是一致的?⑤从决策、实施、监测及评估中还能得到哪些启示?尽管有理由推断某决策在某特定环境下的作用可能不同,但我们几乎总是可以从对各种可能的决策方案及其实施、监测、评估方法的系统评价中获得一些启示。

关键词：评价系统适用性卫生决策工具卫生政策评估方法卫生体系现实条件

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Cost, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of a collaborative mental health care program for people receiving short-term disability benefits for psychiatric disorders (vol 54, pg 379, 2009)

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CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2009年第7期54卷 428-428页

作者： Dewa, Carolyn S. Hoch, Jeffrey S. Carmen, Glenn Program Head Work and Well-being Research and Evaluation Program Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Senior Scientist Health Systems Research and Consulting Unit Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Associate Professor Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Research Scientist Centre for Research on Inner City Health Keenan Research Centre Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute St Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Associate Professor Department of Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Special Advisor-Employers Global Business and Economic Roundtable on Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Chair Medaca Health Group Toronto Ontario Scientific Advisor Global Business and Economic Roundtable on Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario President Medaca Health Group Toronto Ontario

Objective: To examine the cost, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of a collaborative mental health care (CMHC) pilot program for people on short-term disability leave for psychiatric disorders. Method: Using a quasi-experimental design, the analyses were conducted using 2 groups of subjects who received short-term disability benefits for psychiatric disorders. One group (n = 75) was treated in a CMHC program during their disability episode. The comparison group (n = 51) received short-term disability benefits related to psychiatric disorders in the prior year but did not receive CMHC during their disability episode. People in both groups met screening criteria for the CMHC program. Differences in cost and days absent from work were tested using Student t tests and confirmed using nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Differences in return to work and transition to long-term disability leave were tested using chi-square tests. The cost-effectiveness analysis used the net benefit regression framework. Results: The results suggest that with CMHC, for every 100 people on short-term disability leave for psychiatric disorders, there could be $50 000 in savings related to disability benefits along with more people returning to work (n = 23), less people transitioning to long-term disability leave (n = 24), and 1600 more workdays. Conclusions: CMHC models of disability management based on our Canadian data may be a worthwhile investment in helping people who are receiving short-term disability benefits for psychiatric disorders to receive adequate treatment.

关键词： Psychiatry

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Artificial intelligence and knowledge management

Artificial intelligence and knowledge management

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Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice held at the 19th World Computer Congress

作者： Hoeschl, Hugo Cesar Barcellos, Vania WBSA Intelligent Systems S.A Brazil Research Institute on e-Gov Juridical Intelligence and Systems - IJURIS Brazil Program of Post-Graduation in Engineering and Knowledge Management Federal University of Santa Catarina Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0387346546

This article intends to make an analysis about the Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the knowledge Management (KM). Faced with the dualism mind and body how we be able to see it AI? It doesn't intent to create identical copy of human being, but try to find the better form to represent all the knowledge contained in our minds. The society of the information lives a great paradox, at the same time that we have access to an innumerable amount of information, the capacity and the forms of its processing are very limited. In this context, institutions and centers of research devote themselves to the finding of ways to use to advantage the available data consistently. The interaction of the knowledge Management with Artificial Intelligence makes possible the development of filtering tools and pre-analysis of the information that appear as a reply to the expectations to extract resulted optimized of databases and open and not-structuralized source, as the Internet.

关键词： knowledge management

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Waters network's potential to transform environmental engineering education

Waters network's potential to transform environmental engine...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Eschenbach, Elizabeth Montgomery, Jami Johnson, James Brus, Chris Carlson, Patricia Giammar, Dan Grauer, Bette Hotaling, Liesl Oguntimein, Gbekeloluwa Safferman, Steven Wentling, Tim Humboldt State University United States Department of Environmental Resources Engineering Humboldt State University United States WATERS Network - CLEANER Project Office Network Howard University United States Department of Environmental Engineering College of Engineering Architecture and Computer Sciences Howard University United States American Academy of Environmental Engineers United States University of Iowa United States Program University of Iowa United States Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology United States Department of Rhetoric Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology United States National Research Council U. S. Air Force United States NASA's Classroom of the Future Wheeling WV United States Washington University United States Department of Energy Environmental and Chemical Engineering Washington University St. Louis United States Environmental Studies Program Center for Materials Innovation United States McPherson High School United States McPherson High School McPherson KS United States Stevens Institute of Technology United States Stevens Institute of Technology United States Morgan State University United States Michigan State University United States Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Michigan State University United States University of Dayton United States Education Planning Committee National Center for Supercomputing Applications United States Department of Information Science Graduate School of Library and Information Science National Center for Supercomputing Applications University or Illinois United States Knowledge and Learning Systems Group NCSA United States

The WATERS Network (WATer and Environmental Research systems Network) will be an integrated real-time distributed observing system which will enable academic and government scientists, engineers, educators, and practitioners to advance effective management of our nation's water resources by understanding human interactions with water and the natural and built environment. WATERS will provide easily accessible real time environmental data as well as analysis tools to engineers, scientists, educators, K- graduate students and policymakers so they can better understand how water quantity, quality and related components of the hydrologic cycle are impacted by natural and human influences. The WATERS strategic plan will be completed by July 2007 and requires constituent input. This paper describes the draft Conceptual Design and the Education Plan of WATERS Network. This paper will highlight the potential impact of WATERS on undergraduate and graduate environmental engineering education in order to elicit input from the environmental engineering education community on how WATERS Network could better meet the future needs of undergraduate and graduate students and educators. More information can be found at ***. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： Water resources

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Context awareness perspectives for mobile personal media

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INFORMATION systems MANAGEMENT 2005年第4期22卷 43-55页

作者： Aaltonen, A Huuskonen, P Lehikoinen, J Works as a research program manager in Nokia Research Center. His current research focuses on mobile user interface concept and design as well as information visualization. Principal scientist with Nokia Research Center. Dr. Huuskonen's research interests include context awareness ubiquitous computing and knowledge-based systems. Acts as a principal scientist in Nokia Research Center. Dr. Lehikoinen's current research interests include human– computer interaction especially from the interaction and collaboration point of view and mobile augmented reality.

This article reviews the ongoing evolution of context awareness technologies in mobile devices using personal media as an illustrative application domain. Augmented with metadata, files containing personal media can include significant information about the contexts they describe. The article discusses personal media applications from two different perspectives: (1) through an example that describes the use of context data in a personal media diary application, and (2) with a classification of context architectures that includes three classes of context-aware mobile systems (inbound, shared, and network assisted). These systems are classified on the basis of such factors as their architecture, data flow types, privacy, and interoperability requirements. The article concludes by discussing implications for research and practice.

关键词： ARCHITECTURE Mobile devices Mobile Context awareness Metadata

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Contribution of Indigenous knowledge and Practices in Food Technology to the Attainment of Food Security in Africa

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Journal of Food Science 2006年第3期69卷

作者： RUTH ONIANG'O JOSEPH ALLOTEY SERAH J. MALABA Author Oniang'o is Professor of Food Science and Nutrition Editor-in-Chief African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development (AJFAND) and Chair Kenya Union of Food Science and Technology (KUFoST). Author Allotey is Associate Professor Post Harvest Food Systems Univ. of Botswana Private Bag 0022 Gaborone Botswana. Author Malaba isStudent Intern African Institute of Knowledge Management. Authors Oniang'o and Malaba are with the Rural Outreach Program: Josem Trust Place Ground Floor Bunyala Road Upper Hill P. O. Box 29 Nairobi KENYA. Direct inquiries to author Oniang'o (E-mail: oniango@iconnect.co.ke)

ABSTRACT: Indigenous knowledge and practices are important aspects of a society's culture and its technology. They include accumulated knowledge, as well as skills and technology of the local people, usually derived from their direct interaction with their local environment. These aspects need due recognition and full understanding and utilization because of the valuable contributions to food security, especially in African ***'s people have traditionally utilized indigenous knowledge, skills and structures, most often locally developed and handed down in the course of centuries. Insufficient attention has been given to this local knowledge within the mainstream food security development and management interventions. However, there is now increasing awareness of the fact that technology includes not only energy sources and tools, but also knowledge and skills, as well as social organizations. It is, therefore, imperative to approach indigenous communities as partners and collaborators in all food security endeavors in order to realize the objective of sustainability. African communities offer a vast array of indigenous knowledge and practices in food technology that are favorable to the food supply, as well as to food quality and food safety and thus directly contribute to food security. As such, indigenous knowledge and practices in food technology that have proved capable of ensuring food security need to be implemented before considering the introduction of external ones if food security is to be realized in Africa. Emphasis of the same should be especially made for foods that are adapted to local conditions thus improving food access, safe food availability, and utilization to meet local and regional needs. This paper seeks to outline the numerous contributions and enormous potentials that indigenous knowledge and practices in food technology have in ensuring food security in Africa.

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The SESS multisite collaborative research initiative: Establishing common ground

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Child and Family Social Work 2005年第3期10卷 217-228页

作者： Iida, Elizabeth E. Springer, J. Fred Pecora, Peter J. Bandstra, Emmalee S. Edwards, Mark C. Basen, Michele M. San Francisco SESS Asian American Recovery Services Inc. United States Evaluation Management and Training Associates (EMT) Inc. University of Missouri St Louis MS United States Research Services with Casey Family Programs School of Social Work University of Washington United States Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Miami School of Medicine United States Perinatal Chemical Addiction Research and Education Program United States University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences United States Division of Knowledge Application and Systems Improvement Center for Substance Abuse Prevention Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration United States Santa Clara CA 95051 1913 Magdalena Circle No. 107 United States

Multidisciplinary intervention approaches are needed for meeting service needs for families in which substance abuse and mental health disorders may be interfering with child-rearing. Experiences from the Starting Early Starting Smart (SESS) initiative, a 12-site national collaborative investigation of integrating behavioural health services in early childhood and primary health care service settings for children aged 0-5 years and their families and caregivers, are described. This 4-year applied research initiative was co-funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration of the US Department of Health and Human Services and Casey Family programs, a private operating foundation. SESS, which was developed and implemented in 12 geographically and culturally diverse cities in the USA during 1997-2001, encouraged federal, state, and local public/private partnerships. Opportunities and challenges in using an inclusive, consensus-based, stakeholder model to maximize study relevance and utility for researchers, practitioners, and fiscal sponsors are discussed, and lessons for multidisciplinary, multisite research collaborations are identified. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Behavioural health services Early care and education research Multidisciplinary collaboration Prevention and early intervention Public/private partnerships

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The Social Affordances of the Internet for Networked Individualism

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Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 2006年第3期8卷

作者： Barry Wellman Anabel Quan-Haase Jeffrey Boase Wenhong Chen Keith Hampton Isabel Díaz Kakuko Miyata In 1965 moved from his Bronx High School of Science slide rule to IBM cards and an 029 keypunch in the bowels of Harvard University. Since then he's been primarily interested in the interplay between large-scale social processes and how people use technology to be connected at work and in the community. His NetLab research network is trying to get a handle on how the Internet fits into everyday life. Wellman founded the International Network for Social Network Analysis in 1976. He is a recent Chair of the Community section of the American Sociological Association has been nominated for the Chair of the Communication and Information Technology section of the ASA the Virtual Community focus area leader for SIGGROUP/ACM and a Executive Cmmittee member of the Association for Internet Researchers. Wellman's (co)edited books are: Social Structures: A Network Approach (2d ed CSPI 2003) Networks in the Global Village (Westview Press 1999) and The Internet in Everyday Life (Blackwell Publishers 2002). Address:Centre for Urban & Community Studies University of Toronto 455 Spadina Avenue Toronto Canada M5S 2G8. Fax: +1-416-978-7162 Address:Centre for Urban & Community Studies University of Toronto 455 Spadina Avenue Toronto M5S 2G8 Canada. Address:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass. Ave. Room 9-522 Cambridge MA 02139. Address:IN3 Av. Tibidabo 47 08035 Barcelona Spain. Phone: +*** Fax: +***. Address:Department of Sociology Meiji Gakuin University 1-2-37 Shirokanedai Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8636 JAPAN. Phone: +81-3-5421-5565 Fax: +81-3-5421-5697. Doctoral student at the Faculty of Information Studies University of Toronto. She has been a Fellow of the Knowledge Media Design Institute and the McLuhan Program in Culture and Technology. Her articles address the nature of Internet-related social change for social integration and information flow. Her articles have examined the implications of these changes for communities and her thesis focuses on organizations. University of Toronto doctoral

We review the evidence from a number of surveys in which our NetLab has been involved about the extent to which the Internet is transforming or enhancing community. The studies show that the Internet is used for connectivity locally as well as globally, although the nature of its use varies in different countries. Internet use is adding on to other forms of communication, rather than replacing them. Internet use is reinforcing the pre-existing turn to societies in the developed world that are organized around networked individualism rather than group or local solidarities. The result has important implications for civic involvement.

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Fuzzy clustering of data with uncertainties using minimum and maximum distances based on L/sub 1/ metric

Fuzzy clustering of data with uncertainties using minimum an...

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Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society - NAFIPS

作者： O. Takata S. Miyamoto K. Umayahara Doctoral Program in Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Institute of Engineering Mechanics and Systems University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan School of Knowledge Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa Japan

Fuzzy c-means is well-known among the various methods of fuzzy cluster analysis. L/sub 1/-based fuzzy c-means has also been studied in recent years. This paper discusses the L/sub 1/-based fuzzy c-means of data with fuzzy uncertainties. The data unit is supposed to be the Cartesian product of fuzzy numbers. The metric between a data unit with uncertainty and a cluster center is defined using minimum and maximum distances. The fuzzy c-means algorithm is an alternative procedure for the optimization of the cluster center and the fuzzy set membership, while the solution of the cluster center for uncertain data cannot be obtained directly. An algorithm for the solution of cluster centers based on the L/sub 1/ metric for uncertain data is developed in this paper. Using this algorithm, an exact alternate optimization procedure is obtained. Numerical examples show that the results for uncertain data are different from the results for data without uncertainties.

关键词： Uncertainty Clustering algorithms Data engineering knowledge engineering Optimization methods Euclidean distance Entropy Fuzzy systems systems engineering and theory

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