The core of scientific theories are laws. These laws often make use of theoretical terms, linguistic entities which do not directly refer to observables. There is therefore no direct way of determining which theoretic...
The core of scientific theories are laws. These laws often make use of theoretical terms, linguistic entities which do not directly refer to observables. There is therefore no direct way of determining which theoretical assertions are true. This suggests that multiple theories may exist which are incompatible with each other but compatible with all possible observations. Since such theories make the same empirical claims, empirical tests cannot be used to differentiate or rank such theories. One property that has been suggested for evaluating rival theories is coherence. This was only understood qualitatively until we [Kwok, ***. 98] introduced a coherence measure based on the average use of formulas in support sets for observations. The idea was to identify highly coherent theories with those whose formulas that are tightly coupled to account for observations, while low coherence theories contain many disjointed and isolated statements. Our current approach generalizes that insight to accommodate fundamental ideas from the philosophy of science and better mirrors scientific practice. Moreover, this new approach is neutral with respect to the philosophy and practice of science, and is able to explain notions like modularization using coherence.
In this paper, we explored the various complicated e-commerce applications enhanced by loosely coupled asynchronous communication. And then, we put forward the automatic modeling of e-commerce based on the server-side...
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(纸本)0769520154
In this paper, we explored the various complicated e-commerce applications enhanced by loosely coupled asynchronous communication. And then, we put forward the automatic modeling of e-commerce based on the server-side component models. It fully leverages the various features of the underlying middleware services and meanwhile combines the dynamic modeling and coordination feature of workflow with the auto-generation and logic integration of the components. It realizes the faster development of workflow management system and also satisfies the demand of swift flexibility and extensibility on the business logic.
For call intensive programs, function calls are major bottlenecks during program execution since they usually force register contents to be spilled into memory. Such register to memory spills are much more pronounced ...
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computer based report systems have proven their utility in improving health care delivery. However the majority of these systems do not comply with any standard for codification, storage and transference of medical da...
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computer based report systems have proven their utility in improving health care delivery. However the majority of these systems do not comply with any standard for codification, storage and transference of medical data, thus making difficult the interchange of data between different health institutions. This paper describes the development of a user-friendly report editor that produces documents compliant to the DICOM Structured Report-DICOM SR-standard. The strategy chosen to develop the editor was to combine a documentation template editor with a report instance editor that allows the use of previously built templates to ease the process of creating reports. The developed template editor helps the user though building report structures by indicating which information items are needed in order to document a particular type of examination and suggesting values for the information items. The report instance editor represents reports in an easily understandable graphical visualization, and allows the user to create and edit structured reports permitting the use of templates as start-points. It also contains mechanisms to let the user set other document's information required to make it compliant to the DICOM SR standard. The editor is integrated into a DICOM server/client environment and can also be used as a client to other DICOM-SR compliant PACS systems. The report editor developed was already presented to the clinical staff of a community hospital in southern Brazil, where it is intended to be installed, used, and evaluated by the medical staff.
Scheduling algorithms that achieve good or near optimal solutions and can efficiently adapt them to perturbations are, in most cases, preferable to those that achieve optimal ones but that cannot implement such an ada...
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Scheduling algorithms that achieve good or near optimal solutions and can efficiently adapt them to perturbations are, in most cases, preferable to those that achieve optimal ones but that cannot implement such an adaptation. In fact, in real world, where problems are essentially of dynamic and stochastic nature, these methods or algorithms are of very little use. This is the case with most algorithms for solving the so-called static scheduling problem for different setting of both single and multi-machine systems arrangements. This paper is concerned with a scheduling system, based on Genetic Algorithms, for the resolution of the dynamic version of the same problem. An additional constraint will be considered in our approach for the JSSP, the existence of different job release and due dates and different assembly levels for the jobs.
This paper is concerned with the implementation of Simultaneous Manufacturing philosophy in batch production of job-shop like manufacturing systems. It addresses the processing of jobs, either simple, requiring the ma...
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This paper is concerned with the implementation of Simultaneous Manufacturing philosophy in batch production of job-shop like manufacturing systems. It addresses the processing of jobs, either simple, requiring the manufacture of a batch of parts, i.e. simple products, or complex, comprehending the parts fabrication and their multistage assembly into a batch of products. In this work the simultaneous manufacturing philosophy was implemented through the widespread use of batch overlapping, which proved particularly effective in reducing job throughput time, maintaining operating simplicity and requiring reduced coordination.
We explore how techniques that were developed to improve the training process of artificial neural networks can be used to speed up fuzzy clustering. The basic idea of our approach is to regard the difference between ...
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We explore how techniques that were developed to improve the training process of artificial neural networks can be used to speed up fuzzy clustering. The basic idea of our approach is to regard the difference between two consecutive steps of the alternating optimization scheme of fuzzy clustering as providing a gradient, which may be modified in the same way as the gradient of neural network back-propagation is modified in order to improve training. Our experimental results show that some methods actually lead to a considerable acceleration of the clustering process.
The market for health care systems supporting physicians and improving their daily routine is steadily growing. The development of these systems requires handling medical knowledge and process knowledge. One promising...
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The market for health care systems supporting physicians and improving their daily routine is steadily growing. The development of these systems requires handling medical knowledge and process knowledge. One promising knowledge management technique that has been applied in various medical assistant systems is case-based reasoning (CBR). This paper presents selected work from the history of "CBR in medicine", clarifying that several systems already have been developed in the past, but the medical domain also still provides new problems and challenges, where a CBR-approach can be profitably applied. Currently, we are developing a CBR-based component, able to retrieve medical documents in written text form and to convert them into new patterns like a DICOM Structured Report. The component will be integrated in our existing transparent gateway for distributed data access to enable the collaboration of several health care organizations.
This paper describes MIRACLE (Multilingual Information RetrievAl for the CLEf campaign) approach and results for the mono, bi and multilingual Cross Language Evaluation Forum tasks. The approach is based on the combin...
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This paper describes MIRACLE (Multilingual Information RetrievAl for the CLEf campaign) approach and results for the mono, bi and multilingual Cross Language Evaluation Forum tasks. The approach is based on the combination of linguistic and statistic techniques to perform indexing and retrieval tasks.
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