In this paper we concentrate on the causal theory of action developed by McCain and Turner [2] for computing ramifications. Our aim here is to characterise this theory of action in terms of a preferentialstyle semanti...
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The heterogeneous environment is emerging in current information systems. Within this situation, it is desirable to maintain consistency across databases, i.e., to ensure that they do not contradict each other with re...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0818682183
The heterogeneous environment is emerging in current information systems. Within this situation, it is desirable to maintain consistency across databases, i.e., to ensure that they do not contradict each other with respect to the existence or value of a real-world entity. Active rules have been widely used in modern database systems. Active databases contain the capability to automatically monitor the conditions which are defined over the database state and the ability to take an action when the state of the underlying database changes. They have provided a great contribution to the maintenance of data integrity and data consistency in database systems. This paper investigates how to integrate active rules into a heterogeneous database system environment.
database system reengineering technique has been used to resolve the problem of converting from existing out-of-datadatabase systems to new technique database systems in order to reduce the new system implementation ...
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database system reengineering technique has been used to resolve the problem of converting from existing out-of-datadatabase systems to new technique database systems in order to reduce the new system implementation cost. The technique consists of three parts: schema translation, data conversion, and program translation. The schema translation requires the transferring of existing database schema into the new database schema with better semantics. Recapturing the semantics is a complicated and difficult work. During the database design phase, the semantics has been lost from the conceptual data model to the logical data model. It is difficult to recapture it. After recapturing the semantics from the original conceptual database schema, we also need to have a sophisticated knowledge base to store the knowledge. The paper describes a new schema translation system, which can recapture the missing/hidden semantics of a database. The kernel of the system is an extended entity relationship (EER) data dictionary system (DDS), which can store all the semantics of the new database schema.
The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There a...
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The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.
Active rules have been widely used in the modern database systems. They have provided a great contribution to the maintenance of data integrity and data consistency in database systems. They also enable the system to ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780332806
Active rules have been widely used in the modern database systems. They have provided a great contribution to the maintenance of data integrity and data consistency in database systems. They also enable the system to become active instead of passive which traditional databases do. In passive databases the queries or transactions are executed only when explicitly requested by users. Active databases contain the capability to automatic monitor the conditions which defined over the database state and the ability to take an action when the state of the underlying database changes. This paper investigates how the active rule can be triggered in a heterogeneous database system environment.
Advances in signal processing allow us to model the audio signal in terms of mathematical representation. Compressed audio signal are also important for low-bit-rate media in order to minimize transmission cost. Appli...
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Advances in signal processing allow us to model the audio signal in terms of mathematical representation. Compressed audio signal are also important for low-bit-rate media in order to minimize transmission cost. Applications such as movies on compact disc, audio conferencing, and digital television also require a good model for the audio compression. We present a model for compressed audio signal. By varying different modelling parameters, we obtain the simulation result of the proposed model of the audio coder. Simulation results found that it has a good compression Ssignal-to-noise ratio compared with NICAM, CD, and OCF coders.
Kitano's approach to neural network design is extended in the sense that not just the neural network structure, but also the values of the weights are coded in the chromosome. Experimental results are presented de...
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Kitano's approach to neural network design is extended in the sense that not just the neural network structure, but also the values of the weights are coded in the chromosome. Experimental results are presented demonstrating the capability of the technique in the solution of a standard test problem.
This paper reports the application of evolutionary computation in the automatic generation of a neural network architecture. It is a usual practice to use trial and error to find a suitable neural network architecture...
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This paper reports the application of evolutionary computation in the automatic generation of a neural network architecture. It is a usual practice to use trial and error to find a suitable neural network architecture. This is not only time consuming but may not generate an optimal solution for a given problem. The use of evolutionary computation is a step towards automation in architecture generation. In this paper a brief introduction to the field is given as well as an implementation of automatic neural network generation using genetic programming.< >
The concept of a simulation environment combines different aspects of the simulation process into one complete powerful tool. The environment should provide the necessary state-of-the-art advances and concepts that a ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780780321090
The concept of a simulation environment combines different aspects of the simulation process into one complete powerful tool. The environment should provide the necessary state-of-the-art advances and concepts that a modeler may require during the simulation development and execution process. The "environment" requirements must address the end user needs while minimizing the necessity of learning a new language. The requirements must specify the useful features, independent of different platforms and implementation languages. Hence the opportunity exists for standardization of environments. The paper opens a discussion on challenges and rewards awaiting the simulation community with the advent of a standard environment.
In recent years, there has been an explosion of interest among the computing community in the field of artificial intelligence, particularly in the areas of natural language processing and knowledge-based systems (KBS...
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In recent years, there has been an explosion of interest among the computing community in the field of artificial intelligence, particularly in the areas of natural language processing and knowledge-based systems (KBS). The medical domain has seen the development of hundreds of KBSs and there is substantial evidence to show that the application of a knowledge-based approach to decision support can go a long way towards overcoming the information overload experienced by many clinicians today. Yet many of these medical KBSs are still at the prototype stage and are mainly confined to research laboratories. There are many reasons for this apparently slow take-up of the technology, but one of the most significant is the lack of integration into the regular routine information processing of the organisation, in particular the database processing. This paper discusses the benefits of such integration and methods for achieving it in the context of general trends in information systems. database technology provides efficient and secure management of large amounts of data in a multi-user, multiapplication environment. knowledge-based technology, on the other hand, provides mechanisms for building intelligent systems. Thus, for example, given a set of facts about a domain (symptoms, laboratory test results, etc.) together with a set of rules which apply to that domain (e.g.'if TT4 > 150 nmol/l then suspect hyperthyroidism'), a KBS can deduce new information about that domain automatically. The effective integration of these two technologies is seen as a means of achieving the intelligent information systems of the future. There are three basic approaches to integrating KBSs and databases. The first is to start with the KBS and incorporate data management functions. Alternatively, intelligence from the KBS can be incorporated into the database. Finally, the two systems can be allowed to coexist as independent systems which can talk to each other by means of standard interfaces.
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