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Deformable 3D/3D CT-to-digital-tomosynthesis image registration in image-guided bronchoscopy interventions

computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 171卷 108199-108199页

作者： Saad, Fatima Frysch, Robert Saalfeld, Sylvia Kellnberger, Stephan Schulz, Jessica Fahrig, Rebecca Bhadra, Krish Nürnberger, Andreas Rose, Georg Institute for Medical Engineering Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Forschungscampus STIMULATE Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Department of Simulation and Graphics Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Siemens Healthcare GmbH Forchheim Germany CHI Memorial Rees Skillern Cancer Institute Chattanooga United States Data and Knowledge Engineering Group Faculty of Computer Science Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Germany

Traditional navigational bronchoscopy procedures rely on preprocedural computed tomography (CT) and intraoperative chest radiography and cone-beam CT (CBCT) to biopsy peripheral lung lesions. This navigational approach is challenging due to the projective nature of radiography, and the high radiation dose, long imaging time, and large footprints of CBCT. Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) is considered an attractive alternative combining the advantages of radiography and CBCT. Only the depth resolution cannot match a full CBCT image due to the limited angle acquisition. To address this issue, preoperative CT is a good auxiliary in guiding bronchoscopy interventions. Nevertheless, CT-to-body divergence caused by anatomic changes and respiratory motion, hinders the effective use of CT imaging. To mitigate CT-to-body divergence, we propose a novel deformable 3D/3D CT-to-DTS registration algorithm employing a multistage, multiresolution approach and using affine and elastic B-spline transformation models with bone and lung mask images. A multiresolution strategy with a Gaussian image pyramid and a multigrid strategy within the B-spline model are applied. The normalized correlation coefficient is included in the cost function for the affine model and a multimetric weighted cost function is used for the B-spline model, with weights determined heuristically. Tested on simulated and real patient bronchoscopy data, the algorithm yields promising results. Assessed qualitatively by visual inspection and quantitatively by computing the Dice coefficient (DC) and the average symmetric surface distance (ASSD), the algorithm achieves mean DC of 0.82±0.05 and 0.74±0.05, and mean ASSD of 0.65±0.29mm and 0.93±0.43mm for simulated and real data, respectively. This algorithm lays the groundwork for CT-aided intraoperative DTS imaging in image-guided bronchoscopy interventions with future studies focusing on automated metric weight setting. © 2024

关键词： Image registration

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Dual skip connections minimize the false positive rate of lung nodule detection in CT images

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Xu, Jiahua Ernst, Philipp Liu, Tung Lung Nürnberger, Andreas Data & Knowledge Engineering Group Faculty of Computer Science Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany

Pulmonary cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and fatal cancers and is often diagnosed by incidental findings on computed tomography. Automated pulmonary nodule detection is an essential part of computer-aided diagnosis, which is still facing great challenges and difficulties to quickly and accurately locate the exact nodules’ positions. This paper proposes a dual skip connection upsampling strategy based on Dual Path network in a U-Net structure generating multiscale feature maps, which aims to minimize the ratio of false positives and maximize the sensitivity for lesion detection of nodules. The results show that our new upsampling strategy improves the performance by having 85.3% sensitivity at 4 FROC per image compared to 84.2% for the regular upsampling strategy or 81.2% for VGG16-based Faster-R-CNN. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Signal sampling

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LLMRec: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Recommendation Task

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Junling Liu, Chao Zhou, Peilin Ye, Qichen Chong, Dading Zhou, Kang Xie, Yueqi Cao, Yuwei Wang, Shoujin You, Chenyu Yu, Philip S. Alibaba Group China Ant Group China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Guangzhou China School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Peking University China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Data Science Institute University of Technology Sydney Australia Department of Electrical Engineering Yale University United States Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Chicago United States

Recently, the fast development of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has significantly advanced NLP tasks by enhancing the capabilities of conversational models. However, the application of LLMs in the recommendation domain has not been thoroughly investigated. To bridge this gap, we propose LLMRec, a LLM-based recommender system designed for benchmarking LLMs on various recommendation tasks. Specifically, we benchmark several popular off-the-shelf LLMs, such as ChatGPT, LLaMA, ChatGLM, on five recommendation tasks, including rating prediction, sequential recommendation, direct recommendation, explanation generation, and review summarization. Furthermore, we investigate the effectiveness of supervised finetuning to improve LLMs' instruction compliance ability. The benchmark results indicate that LLMs displayed only moderate proficiency in accuracy-based tasks such as sequential and direct recommendation. However, they demonstrated comparable performance to state-of-the-art methods in explainability-based tasks. We also conduct qualitative evaluations to further evaluate the quality of contents generated by different models, and the results show that LLMs can truly understand the provided information and generate clearer and more reasonable results. We aspire that this benchmark will serve as an inspiration for researchers to delve deeper into the potential of LLMs in enhancing recommendation performance. Our codes, processed data and benchmark results are available at https://***/williamliujl/LLMRec. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking

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CLDG: Contrastive Learning on Dynamic Graphs

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xu, Yiming Shi, Bin Ma, Teng Dong, Bo Zhou, Haoyi Zheng, Qinghua Department of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University China Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Knowledge Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China Department of Distance Education Xi’an Jiaotong University China School of Software Beihang University China Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang University China

The graph with complex annotations is the most potent data type, whose constantly evolving motivates further exploration of the unsupervised dynamic graph representation. One of the representative paradigms is graph contrastive learning. It constructs self-supervised signals by maximizing the mutual information between the statistic graph’s augmentation views. However, the semantics and labels may change within the augmentation process, causing a significant performance drop in downstream tasks. This drawback becomes greatly magnified on dynamic graphs. To address this problem, we designed a simple yet effective framework named CLDG. Firstly, we elaborate that dynamic graphs have temporal translation invariance at different levels. Then, we proposed a sampling layer to extract the temporally-persistent signals. It will encourage the node to maintain consistent local and global representations, i.e., temporal translation invariance under the timespan views. The extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the method on seven datasets by outperforming eight unsupervised state-of-the-art baselines and showing competitiveness against four semi-supervised methods. Compared with the existing dynamic graph method, the number of model parameters and training time is reduced by an average of 2,001.86 times and 130.31 times on seven datasets, respectively. The code and data are available at: https://***/yimingxu24/CLDG. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Aerial Secure Collaborative Communications under Eavesdropper Collusion in Low-altitude Economy: A Generative Swarm Intelligent Approach

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Jiahui Sun, Geng Wu, Qingqing Liang, Shuang Wang, Jiacheng Niyato, Dusit Kim, Dong In College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun130012 China Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun130012 China College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China School of Information Science and Technology Northeast Normal University Changchun130117 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

The rapid development of the low-altitude economy (LAE) has significantly increased the utilization of autonomous aerial vehicles (AAVs) in various applications, necessitating efficient and secure communication methods among AAV swarms. In this work, we aim to introduce distributed collaborative beamforming (DCB) into AAV swarms and handle the eavesdropper collusion by controlling the corresponding signal distributions. Specifically, we consider a two-way DCB-enabled aerial communication between two AAV swarms and construct these swarms as two AAV virtual antenna arrays. Then, we minimize the two-way known secrecy capacity and maximum sidelobe level to avoid information leakage from the known and unknown eavesdroppers, respectively. Simultaneously, we also minimize the energy consumption of AAVs when constructing virtual antenna arrays. Due to the conflicting relationships between secure performance and energy efficiency, we consider these objectives by formulating a multi-objective optimization problem, which is NP-hard and with a large number of decision variables. Accordingly, we design a novel generative swarm intelligence (GenSI) framework to solve the problem with less overhead, which contains a conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE)-based generative method and a proposed powerful swarm intelligence algorithm. In this framework, CVAE can collect expert solutions obtained by the swarm intelligence algorithm in other environment states to explore characteristics and patterns, thereby directly generating high-quality initial solutions in new environment factors for the swarm intelligence algorithm to search solution space efficiently. Simulation results show that the proposed swarm intelligence algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art baseline algorithms, and the GenSI can achieve similar optimization results by using far fewer iterations than the ordinary swarm intelligence algorithm. Experimental tests demonstrate that introducing the CVAE mechanism ach

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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A Dual-Level Cancelable Framework for Palmprint Verification and Hack-Proof data Storage

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Yang, Ziyuan Kang, Ming Teoh, Andrew Beng Jin Gao, Chengrui Chen, Wen Zhang, Bob Zhang, Yi The College of Computer Science Key Laboratory of Data Protection and Intelligent Management Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China The School of Cyber Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China The School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering College of Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of The College of Computer Science Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China The Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Group Department of Computer and Information Science University of Macau Taipa China The School of Cyber Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Data Protection and Intelligent Management Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China

In recent years, palmprints have been widely used for individual verification. The rich privacy information in palmprint data necessitates its protection to ensure security and privacy without sacrificing system performance. Existing systems often use cancelable technologies to protect templates, but these technologies ignore the potential risk of data leakage. Upon breaching the system and gaining access to the stored database, a hacker could easily manipulate the stored templates, compromising the security of the verification system. To address this issue, we propose a dual-level cancelable palmprint verification framework in this paper. Specifically, the raw template is initially encrypted using a competition hashing network with a first-level token, facilitating the end-to-end generation of cancelable templates. Different from previous works, the protected template undergoes further encryption to differentiate the second-level protected template from the first-level one. The system specifically creates a negative database (NDB) with the second-level token for dual-level protection during the enrollment stage. Reversing the NDB is NP-hard and a fine-grained algorithm for NDB generation is introduced to manage the noise and specified bits. During the verification stage, we propose an NDB matching algorithm based on matrix operation to accelerate the matching process of previous NDB methods caused by dictionary-based matching rules. This approach circumvents the need to store templates identical to those utilized for verification, reducing the risk of potential data leakage. Extensive experiments conducted on public palmprint datasets have confirmed the effectiveness and generality of the proposed framework. Upon acceptance of the paper, the code will be accessible at https://***/Deep-Imaging-group/NPR. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Digital storage

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Elevating Digital Experiences by Enhancing Service Delivery through Revolutionary Cloud Services and Applications

Elevating Digital Experiences by Enhancing Service Delivery ...

引用

International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I)

作者： V Asha S Sreekanth Ginni Nijhawan K. Varada Rajkumar Monica Garg Ali Abduhussien Hameed Department of Computer Applications New Horizon College of Engineering Bangalore India Computer Science and Engineering (Data Science) Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Dundigal Hyderabad India Lovely Professional University Phagwara India Department of CSE-AI&ML MLR Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana India Lloyd Law College Plot No. 11 Knowledge Park II Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh Radiology Techniques Department College of Medical Technology The Islamic University Najaf Iraq

ISBN: (数字)9798350350067

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350074

This research introduces an approach named “Cloud-Driven Personalized Experience Enhancement” to satisfy the escalating demand for enhanced digital connectivity. Via cutting-edge cloud services and applications, the CPExE framework provides a groundbreaking solution for digital platforms. The framework is built upon three core components: Together with the Quantum-Inspired data Analytics and Evaluation (QIDAE) and Personalized Content Recommendations (PRA), Dynamic Resource Allocation and Adaptation (DRAA) completes the framework. By leveraging quantum-inspired approaches, QIDAE analyzes vast datasets with outstanding effectiveness and exactness improving processes for data handling and personalization. This strategy allows for swift detection of patterns while making certain that data-driven understandings are both on time and precise. By changing cloud resources according to user requests the DRAA module guarantees uninterrupted access to computing power and data storage. By managing resources effectively in real-time it decreases latency and improves service speeds. By using complex algorithms to assess user habits and choices the PRA system boosts the digital experience. PRA uses both content-focused filtering and collaborative screening strategies to provide users with engaging content that matches their unique preferences. By applying sophisticated analytics and resource management methods with content personalization CPExE boosts the user experience and develops cloud technology efficiency. This framework signifies an important progress toward developing dynamic and tailored online environments.

关键词： Heating systems Histograms data analysis Heuristic algorithms Scalability Memory Dynamic scheduling Real-time systems User experience Resource management

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Lightweight Authenticated Task Offloading in 6G-Cloud Vehicular Twin Networks

Lightweight Authenticated Task Offloading in 6G-Cloud Vehicu...

引用

IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Sarah Al–Shareeda Fusun Ozguner Keith Redmill Trung Q. Duong Berk Canberk Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Center for Automotive Research (CAR) The Ohio State University USA BTS Group Turkey Department of AI and Data Engineering Istanbul Technical University Turkey School of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queen's University Belfast UK Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada School of Computing Engineering and The Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University UK

ISBN: (数字)9798350368369

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368376

Task offloading management in 6G vehicular net-works is crucial for maintaining network efficiency, particularly as vehicles generate substantial data. Integrating secure communication through authentication introduces additional computational and communication overhead, significantly impacting offloading efficiency and latency. This paper presents a unified framework incorporating lightweight Identity-Based Cryptographic (IBC) authentication into task offloading within cloud-based 6G Vehicular Twin Networks (VTNs). Utilizing Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), our approach optimizes authenticated offloading decisions to minimize latency and enhance resource allocation. Performance evaluation under varying network sizes, task sizes, and data rates reveals that IBC authentication can reduce offloading efficiency by up to 50 % due to the added overhead. Besides, increasing network size and task size can further reduce offloading efficiency by up to 91.7%. As a countermeasure, increasing the transmission data rate can improve the offloading performance by as much as 63%, even in the presence of authentication overhead. The code for the simulations and experiments detailed in this paper is available on GitHub for further reference and reproducibility [1].

关键词： 6G mobile communication Performance evaluation Identity-based encryption Authentication Deep reinforcement learning Reproducibility of results Resource management Cryptography Optimization Software development management

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Echo of Neighbors: Privacy Amplification for Personalized Private Federated Learning with Shuffle Model

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Yixuan Zhao, Suyun Xiong, Li Liu, Yuhan Chen, Hong Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Ministry of Education Renmin University of China China Engineering Research Center Ministry of Education on Database and BI China Information School Renmin University of China China Department of Computer Science Emory University United States

Federated Learning, as a popular paradigm for collaborative training, is vulnerable against privacy attacks. Different privacy levels regarding users’ attitudes need to be satisfied locally, while a strict privacy guarantee for the global model is also required centrally. Personalized Local Differential Privacy (PLDP) is suitable for preserving users’ varying local privacy, yet only provides a central privacy guarantee equivalent to the worst-case local privacy level. Thus, achieving strong central privacy as well as personalized local privacy with a utility-promising model is a challenging problem. In this work, a general framework (APES) is built up to strengthen model privacy under personalized local privacy by leveraging the privacy amplification effect of the shuffle model. To tighten the privacy bound, we quantify the heterogeneous contributions to the central privacy user by user. The contributions are characterized by the ability of generating "echos" from the perturbation of each user, which is carefully measured by proposed methods Neighbor Divergence and Clip-Laplace Mechanism. Furthermore, we propose a refined framework (S-APES) with the post-sparsification technique to reduce privacy loss in high-dimension scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, the impact of shuffling on personalized local privacy is considered for the first time. We provide a strong privacy amplification effect, and the bound is tighter than the baseline result based on existing methods for uniform local privacy. Experiments demonstrate that our frameworks ensure comparable or higher accuracy for the global model. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Learning systems

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Task Delay and Energy Consumption Minimization for Low-altitude MEC via Evolutionary Multi-objective Deep Reinforcement Learning

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Sun, Geng Ma, Weilong Li, Jiahui Sun, Zemin Wang, Jiacheng Niyato, Dusit Mao, Shiwen College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun130012 China Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun130012 China College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore College of Software Jilin University Changchun130012 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL36849-5201 United States

The low-altitude economy (LAE), driven by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other aircraft, has revolutionized fields such as transportation, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. In the upcoming six-generation (6G) era, UAV-assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) is particularly crucial in challenging environments such as mountainous or disaster-stricken areas. The computation task offloading problem is one of the key issues in UAV-assisted MEC, primarily addressing the trade-off between minimizing the task delay and the energy consumption of the UAV. In this paper, we consider a UAV-assisted MEC system where the UAV carries the edge servers to facilitate task offloading for ground devices (GDs), and formulate a calculation delay and energy consumption multi-objective optimization problem (CDECMOP) to simultaneously improve the performance and reduce the cost of the system. Then, by modeling the formulated problem as a multi-objective Markov decision process (MOMDP), we propose a multi-objective deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm within an evolutionary framework to dynamically adjust the weights and obtain non-dominated policies. Moreover, to ensure stable convergence and improve performance, we incorporate a target distribution learning (TDL) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can better balance multiple optimization objectives and obtain superior non-dominated solutions compared to other methods. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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