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Toward Enhanced Robustness in Unsupervised Graph Representation Learning: A Graph Information Bottleneck Perspective

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Jihong Luo, Minnan Li, Jundong Liu, Ziqi Zhou, Jun Zheng, Qinghua The Ministry of Education Key Lab for Intelligent Networks and Network Security School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Computer Science School of Data Science University of Virginia United States The Ant Financial Services Group Zhejiang Hangzhou310000 China

Recent studies have revealed that GNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Most existing robust graph learning methods measure model robustness based on label information, rendering them infeasible when label information is not available. A straightforward direction is to employ the widely used Infomax technique from typical Unsupervised Graph Representation Learning (UGRL) to learn robust unsupervised representations. Nonetheless, directly transplanting the Infomax technique from typical UGRL to robust UGRL may involve a biased assumption. In light of the limitation of Infomax, we propose a novel unbiased robust UGRL method called Robust Graph Information Bottleneck (RGIB), which is grounded in the Information Bottleneck (IB) principle. Our RGIB attempts to learn robust node representations against adversarial perturbations by preserving the original information in the benign graph while eliminating the adversarial information in the adversarial graph. There are mainly two challenges to optimize RGIB: 1) high complexity of adversarial attack to perturb node features and graph structure jointly in the training procedure;2) mutual information estimation upon adversarially attacked graphs. To tackle these problems, we further propose an efficient adversarial training strategy with only feature perturbations and an effective mutual information estimator with subgraph-level summary. Moreover, we theoretically establish a connection between our proposed RGIB and the robustness of downstream classifiers, revealing that RGIB can provide a lower bound on the adversarial risk of downstream classifiers. Extensive experiments over several benchmarks and downstream tasks demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Learning systems

Optimizing Ethanol Production in Escherichia Coli Using a Hybrid of Particle Swarm Optimization and Artificial Bee Colony 6

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Optimizing Ethanol Production in Escherichia Coli Using a Hy...

6th International Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence, ICAAI 2022

作者： Dzulkalnine, Mohamad Faiz Mohamad, Mohd Saberi Choon, Yee Wen Remli, Muhammad Akmal Alashwal, Hany Artificial Intelligence and Bioinformatics Research Group Faculty of Computing Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor81310 Malaysia Health Data Science Lab Department of Genetics and Genomics College of Medical and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 17666 Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Big Data Analytics Center United Arab Emirates University Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kelantan Kota Bharu16100 Malaysia Department of Data Science Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kelantan Kota Bharu16100 Malaysia Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering College of Information Technology United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781450396943

Metabolic engineering for biomass production using microorganisms' cell has received considerable attention in recent years. This is due to the biomass products being extensively used in the field of food additives, supplements, pharmaceuticals, and polymer materials. In this paper, ethanol production in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the desired product. Sugarcane and corn are often used to produce ethanol. However, one of the problems to produce adequate amounts of ethanol is that large areas are needed to plant sugarcane and corn. Furthermore, the amount of time for the process of dry milling and wet milling is high, which are 40 to 50 hours and 24 to 48 hours, respectively. The wet laboratory is also having limitation on the production of ethanol in microorganisms because the amount of the ethanol produced is not satisfying. Hence, a lot of metabolic engineering techniques is introduced to enhance the production of ethanol in E. coli, such as gene knockout strategy, but the production is yet to meet the demand. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid algorithm of Particle Swarm Optimization with the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (PSOABC) to identify the optimal set of gene knockout strategy to improve the ethanol production in E. coli. A list of genes to knockout, production of the desired product, and growth rate are presented in this paper. PSOABC has shown better performance in terms of production, growth rate and accuracy. © 2022 Association for Computing Machinery.

关键词： Ethanol

SoAy: A Solution-based LLM API-using Methodology for Academic Information Seeking 25

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SoAy: A Solution-based LLM API-using Methodology for Academi...

Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on knowledge Discovery and data Mining V.1

作者： Yuanchun Wang Jifan Yu Zijun Yao Jing Zhang Yuyang Xie Shangqing Tu Yiyang Fu Youhe Feng Jinkai Zhang Jingyao Zhang Bowen Huang Yuanyao Li Huihui Yuan Lei Hou Juanzi Li Jie Tang School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing China & Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering MOE Beijing China Institute of Education Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing China & Engineering Research Center of Database and Business Intelligence MOE Beijing China School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing China Zhipu AI Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400712456

Applying large language models (LLMs) to academic API usage shows promise in reducing researchers' efforts to seek academic information. However, current LLM methods for using APIs struggle with the complex API coupling commonly encountered in academic queries. To address this, we introduce SoAy, a solution-based LLM methodology for academic information seeking. SoAy enables LLMs to generate code for invoking APIs, guided by a pre-constructed API calling sequence referred to as a solution. This solution simplifies the model's understanding of complex API relationships, while the generated code enhances reasoning efficiency. LLMs are aligned with this solution-oriented, code-based reasoning method by automatically enumerating valid API coupling sequences and transforming them into queries and executable *** evaluate SoAy, we introduce SoAyBench, an evaluation benchmark accompanied by SoAyEval, built upon a cloned environment of APIs from AMiner. Experimental results demonstrate a 34.58-75.99% performance improvement compared to state-of-the-art LLM API-based baselines. All datasets, codes, tuned models, and deployed online services are publicly accessible at https://***/RUCKBReasoning/SoAy.

关键词： academic information seeking

An Empirical Examination of Balancing Strategy for Counterfactual Estimation on Time Series

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Qiang Meng, Chuizheng Cao, Defu Huang, Biwei Chang, Yi Liu, Yan School of Artificial Intelligence Jilin University Jilin Changchun China International Center of Future Science Jilin University Jilin Changchun China Department of Computer Science University of Southern California California Los Angeles United States Halicioğlu Data Science Institute University of California San Diego San DiegoCA United States Engineering Research Center of Knowledge-Driven Human-Machine Intelligence MOE Jilin Changchun China

关键词： Time series analysis

Mitigating Translationese in Low-resource Languages: The Storyboard Approach

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kuwanto, Garry Urua, Eno-Abasi Amuok, Priscilla Muhammad, Shamsuddeen Hassan Aremu, Anuoluwapo Otiende, Verrah Nanyanga, Loice Nyoike, Teresiah Akpan, Aniefon Udouboh, Nsima Archibong, Idongesit Moses, Idara Ige, Ifeoluwatayo Ajibade, Benjamin Awokoya, Olumide Abdulmumin, Idris Aliyu, Saminu Mohammad Iro, Ruqayya Ahmad, Ibrahim Said Smith, Deontae Michaels, Praise-EL Adelani, David Ifeoluwa Wijaya, Derry Tanti Andy, Anietie Department of Computer Science Boston University United States University of Uyo Nigeria Imperial College London United Kingdom Rochester Institute of Technology United States Data Science for Social Impact Research Group University of Pretoria South Africa Bayero University Kano Nigeria Institute for Experiential AI Northeastern University United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Howard University United States University College London United Kingdom Monash University Indonesia Indonesia Masakhane

Low-resource languages often face challenges in acquiring high-quality language data due to the reliance on translation-based methods, which can introduce the translationese effect. This phenomenon results in translated sentences that lack fluency and naturalness in the target language. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for data collection by leveraging storyboards to elicit more fluent and natural sentences. Our method involves presenting native speakers with visual stimuli in the form of storyboards and collecting their descriptions without direct exposure to the source text. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation comparing our storyboard-based approach with traditional text translation-based methods in terms of accuracy and fluency. Human annotators and quantitative metrics were used to assess translation quality. The results indicate a preference for text translation in terms of accuracy, while our method demonstrates worse accuracy but better fluency in the language focused. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Translation (languages)

The Power of Bamboo: On the Post-Compromise Security for Searchable Symmetric Encryption

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Tianyang Xu, Peng Picek, Stjepan Luo, Bo Susilo, Willy Jin, Hai Liang, Kaitai National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab China Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering China Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology China Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Digital Security Group Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands Department of EECS Institute of Information Sciences The University of Kansas LawrenceKS United States Institute of Cybersecurity and Cryptology School of Computing and Information Technology University of Wollongong WollongongNSW2522 Australia Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft2628 CD Netherlands

Dynamic searchable symmetric encryption (DSSE) enables users to delegate the keyword search over dynamically updated encrypted databases to an honest-but-curious server without losing keyword privacy. This paper studies a new and practical security risk to DSSE, namely, secret key compromise (e.g., a user’s secret key is leaked or stolen), which threatens all the security guarantees offered by existing DSSE schemes. To address this open problem, we introduce the notion of searchable encryption with key-update (SEKU) that provides users with the option of non-interactive key updates. We further define the notion of post-compromise secure with respect to leakage functions to study whether DSSE schemes can still provide data security after the client’s secret key is compromised. We demonstrate that post-compromise security is achievable with a proposed protocol called "Bamboo". Interestingly, the leakage functions of Bamboo satisfy the requirements for both forward and backward security. We conduct a performance evaluation of Bamboo using a real-world dataset and compare its runtime efficiency with the existing forward-and-backward secure DSSE schemes. The result shows that Bamboo provides strong security with better or comparable performance. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Bamboo

Deep learning for macular fovea detection based on ultra-widefield fundus images 2

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Deep learning for macular fovea detection based on ultra-wid...

2nd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Information engineering, EEIE 2023

作者： Wang, Mini Han Huang, Lina Hou, Guanghui Yang, Jie Xing, Lumin Yuan, Qiting Chong, Kelvin Kam-Lung Lin, Zhiyuan Zeng, Peijin Fang, Xiaoxiao Yao, Xiaoping Li, Qingqian Liu, Jiang Lin, Chen Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Faculty of Medicine Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong The faculty of Data Science City University of Macau 999078 China Zhuhai People's Hospital Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University Zhuhai519000 China The Department of AI and big data application Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhuhai519000 China Perspective Technology Group Zhuhai519000 China Jinan University Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital Shenzhen518000 China Aier Eye Hospital of Zhuhai Zhuhai519000 China College of Artificial Intelligence Chongqing Industry & Trade Polytechnic Chongqing408000 China The First Affiliated Hospital Shandong First Medical University Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Jinan250014 China Business School Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong Company Ltd. Guangdong Shenzhen518000 China School of Computer Beijing Institute of Technology Zhuhai Zhuhai519000 China Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou353000 China Department of Ophthalmology People's Hospital of Yantian District Shenzhen518000 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518000 China Department of Ophthalmology Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen518000 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510672840

Macula fovea detection is a crucial molecular biological prerequisite for screening and diagnosing macular diseases. Without early detection and proper treatment, any abnormality involving the macula may lead to blindness. However, with the ophthalmologist shortage and time-consuming artificial evaluation, neither the accuracy nor effectiveness of the diagnosis process could be guaranteed. In this project, we proposed a light-weighted deep learning model based on ultra-widefield fundus (UWF) images for macula fovea detection tasks. This study collected 2300 ultra-widefield fundus images from Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital in China. A light-weighted method based on a U-shape network (Unet) and Fully Convolution Network (FCN) approach is implemented on 1800 (before amplifying process) training fundus images, 400 (before amplifying process) validation images, and 100 test images. Three professional ophthalmologists were invited to mark the fovea. A method from the anatomy perspective is investigated. This approach is derived from the spatial relationship between the macula fovea and optic disc center in UWF. A set of parameters of this method is set based on the experience of ophthalmologists and verified to be effective. The ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT) approach is the grounded method. Through a comparison of proposed methods, we conclude that the proposed light-weighted Unet method outperformed other methods on macula fovea detection tasks. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Convolution

Fractional-order Modified Windkessel Model of the Human Arterial Vascular System

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Fractional-order Modified Windkessel Model of the Human Arte...

IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems (BIOCAS)

作者： Mohamed A. Bahloul Yasser Aboelkassem Zehor Belkhatir Taous-Meriem Laleg-Kirati Electrical Engineering Department College of Engineering Alfaisal University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia College of Innovation and Technology University of Michigan-Flint MI USA Michigan Institute for Data Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Digital Health & Biomedical Engineering Group and the School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Southampton UK Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Makkah Saudi Arabia National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology Paris-Saclay France

This paper explores fractional-order derivatives to model the apparent arterial compliance dynamics in human vascular aging subjects. The proposed model employs fractional-order capacitor (FOC) elements that combine complex and frequency-dependence characteristics of proximal and distal arterial compliances. The FOC modeling approach accounted for both resistive and capacitive properties. The mathematical derivation has been combined into a global arterial lumped parameter representation forming a novel fractional-order modified arterial Windkessel representation. The model is then validated using aortic pressure and flow rate data acquired from human subjects at different ages. The results show that the FOC model is an accurate and flexible approach that can estimate arterial compliance dynamics and central blood pressure distribution while maintaining a low model complexity.

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Multi-modal fusion with gating using audio, lexical and disfluency features for Alzheimer's dementia recognition from spontaneous speech

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Rohanian, Morteza Hough, Julian Purver, Matthew Cognitive Science Group School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London Department of Knowledge Technologies Jožef Stefan Institute

This paper is a submission to the Alzheimer's Dementia Recognition through Spontaneous Speech (ADReSS) challenge, which aims to develop methods that can assist in the automated prediction of severity of Alzheimer's Disease from speech data. We focus on acoustic and natural language features for cognitive impairment detection in spontaneous speech in the context of Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score prediction. We proposed a model that obtains unimodal decisions from different LSTMs, one for each modality of text and audio, and then combines them using a gating mechanism for the final prediction. We focused on sequential modelling of text and audio and investigated whether the disfluencies present in individuals' speech relate to the extent of their cognitive impairment. Our results show that the proposed classification and regression schemes obtain very promising results on both development and test sets. This suggests Alzheimer's Disease can be detected successfully with sequence modeling of the speech data of medical sessions. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases