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Biomedical Light Scattering XV 2025

作者： Rooney, L.M. Bottura, B. Baxter, K.J. Pereira, A.R. Simões, M. Battistella, E. Francis, R. McHugh, R. Christopher, J. Roe, A.J. Bauer, R. McConnell, G. University of Strathclyde Glasgow United Kingdom LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal South Mimms Hertfordshire United Kingdom School of Infection and Immunity University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781510683884

The Mesolens offers a powerful approach to mesoscale imaging, enabling high-resolution visualization of complex, scattering biomedical specimens. Unlike traditional microscopes, which often struggle to balance resolution and field of view, the Mesolens allows for both large-scale imaging and detailed subcellular-level analysis. This makes it ideal for examining large tissues or entire organisms while preserving the ability to resolve individual cells and subcellular structures. It employs an innovative lens system with a high numerical aperture, allowing for deep tissue imaging with minimal aberration, even in scattering samples such as thick biological tissues. Key applications include imaging complex specimens such as mature colony biofilms and ultrathick sections of tissue, where the ability to see both the overall architecture and microscopic details is critical. This technology marks a significant advancement in biomedical imaging, combining high throughput with fine detail. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Ecosystem services in the Fraguinha water mirror area, Arada Mountain, Portugal: a comparative analysis of methodologies

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International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2025年 1-14页

作者： da Graça, F.A. Silva, M.E.F. Department of Environment Polytechnic University of Viseu Viseu 3504-510 Portugal CISeD-Centre for Research in Digital Services Polytechnic Institute of Viseu Viseu 3504-510 Portugal LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto (FEUP) R. Dr. Roberto Frias S/N Porto 4200-465 Portugal

Ecosystem Services (ES) include all resources and services provided by ecosystems. Given the human impacts on ecosystems, it is essential to develop methods for evaluating and quantifying these services to ensure their sustainable management and protection. The primary aim of this study is a comparative analysis assessment of the Ecosystem Services in the Fraguinha Water Mirror area, located in the Arada Mountain, in Portugal. Additionally, it seeks to understand public interaction with these services, particularly in relation to a proposed river beach construction in the area. To reach these goals it was applied two methodologies based on the principles of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: direct field data collection and a population survey, an indirect method of data collection. The direct assessment of the Fraguinha study area shows a rich ecological landscape characterized by a heterogeneous set of ES. The Provisioning (54%) and Regulating (46%) services predominate, followed by Cultural (32%) and Supporting (21%) services. However, the result of indirect assessment shows that the public highlight the Cultural Services, suggesting the potential to expand recreational opportunities. The survey results show a weak correlation between the construction of the river beach and a significant increase in visitor numbers, and that there is a preference for keeping the area as natural as possible. Results reveal discrepancies between the two methodologies (direct and indirect methods) highlighting the need to develop an integrated ES assessment. Despite these differences, both methods suggest that the Fraguinha area has potential to improve its leisure and cultural offerings. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Direct methodology Environmental assessment Indirect methodology Millennium ecosystem assessment Social perception

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Co-Pyrolysis of Brown Macroalgae and Pinecones in a Fixed Bed Reactor 11th

Co-Pyrolysis of Brown Macroalgae and Pinecones in a Fixed Be...

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11th International Conference on Energy and Environment Research, ICEER 2024

作者： Silva, Felipe T. Nascimento, Mariana Pilão, Rosa M. Neto, Paula Ribeiro, Albina M. CIETI ISEP Instituto Politécnico do Porto Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431 Porto4200-072 Portugal LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031824067

Due to increasing energetic demand, the search for alternative energy sources has increased considerably. Biomass, among other alternatives, has been chosen as a solution, because it can be converted into gas, liquid, and solid phases through several processes. This study presents results on the slow co-pyrolysis of Laminaria digitata (LD) and pinecones (PC), at an average temperature of 560 °C, for mass ratios LD/PC of 100/0, 50/50, 30/70, 10/90 and 0/100. In addition, a thermogravimetric analysis was performed for PC and LD. The biochar yields varied from 35.3 to 31.2%, for bio-oils, the yields were in the range of 23.3–39.9%, and for the gas phase, between 41.4 and 28.9%, as the amount of PC increased in the feeding mixture. The biochars were characterized in terms of proximate analysis and higher heating value (HHV). The properties of bio-oils that were determined included pH, density and HHV, as well as identification of compounds by infrared analysis. CO2, CO, CH4 and H2 were identified in the gas phase of all the experiments by gas-chromatography, but the most produced gas was CO2, followed by CO. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Thermogravimetric analysis

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Liquid phase persulfate-based oxidation for the treatment of a toluene waste gas stream – Parametric study

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Chemosphere 2025年 378卷 144376页

作者： Alves, Ana S.P. Rodrigues, Carmen S.D. Madeira, Luís M. LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal

This study aimed to assess the degradation and mineralization of the toluene present in a gas stream by application of a liquid phase persulfate-based advanced oxidation process in a bubble column reactor. Up to the authors' knowledge, this is the first time where the oxidizing agent has been activated through the presence of transition metal ions and pH change, to treat a toluene-containing gas stream. A detailed parametric study was performed, with the objective of analyzing the effect of some of the main operating variables in the process performance, varying parameters such as catalyst concentration (from 0 to 0.27 g/L of Fe2+), oxidizing agent dosage (0.80 - 2.40 g/L of S2O82−) and initial pH (from 2.0 to 6.8). The best treatment performance was achieved for the following operating conditions: [Fe2+] = 0.20 g/L, [S2O82−] = 1.70 g/L and initial pH = 3.0, with the process being extended for 6 h before saturation of the liquid with toluene. Under these conditions, the toluene transferred from the gaseous effluent to the liquid phase, wherein it was then degraded by the radicals, reached a value of 7.8 x 10−2 mol/L, showing an improvement of 13 times when compared with toluene solubility in water;still, it was found that under the optimum acidic conditions, sulfate radicals have a higher contribution than hydroxyl radicals for the oxidative process. Finally, it was evidenced that the amount of toluene transferred almost duplicated when compared to other studies reported in the literature that applied Fenton's reaction to degrade toluene. © 2025

关键词： Gaseous effluents

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Heavy metal(loid)s and nutrients in sewage sludge in Portugal – Suitability for use in agricultural soils and assessment of potential risks

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 964卷 178595页

作者： Rocha, Filipe Ratola, Nuno Homem, Vera LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal

The presence of heavy metal(loid)s in sewage sludge is a cause of concern and an obstacle to its agricultural valorisation. This study analysed the elemental composition of sewage sludge from 42 Portuguese wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) during summer and winter, investigating heavy metal(loid) contamination, nutrient content, and potential risks related to sludge application to agricultural soils. Levels of 8 heavy metal(loid)s were investigated, ranging from not detected (Hg) to 5120 mg kg−1 dw (Zn), decreasing in the order Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > As>Cd > Hg. The legal requirements for agricultural use of sludge were overall met, but elevated levels of Zn and Cu, linked to industrial sources, exceeded the permitted limits in 3 WWTPs. On average, N, P, K, Mg, and Ca comprised 80 % of the sludge nutrient profile. No seasonal variations were found, but sludge composition varied with WWTP size, wastewater origin, and between thickened and digested samples. Environmental hazard indicators showed significant sludge contamination with Zn, Cu, and Cd. However, the geoaccumulation index, potential ecological risk indicators, and risk characterization ratios showed no significant risks to sludge-amended soils, assuming a single application of 5 tons ha−1. Human health risk assessment for workers handling sewage sludge identified dermal contact as the main route of exposure, with non-carcinogenic risk for Cr and carcinogenic risk for Ni and Cr at the highest reported levels. Sewage sludge produced in Portugal was considered suitable for agricultural use, provided that it is closely monitored and well-managed to meet the needs of crops and receiving soils, while mitigating environmental risks. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Sewage sludge

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Study of furanic compounds sorption behavior in transformers’ insulating materials

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2025年 428卷

作者： Teixeira, Miguel A.J. Maia, Luanna Matharage, Shanika Y. Wang, Zhongdong Simões, Mário M.Q. Portugal, Inês Silva, Carlos M. CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Aveiro3810-193 Portugal LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto4200-465 Portugal ALiCE– Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto4200-465 Portugal Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Manchester ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Aveiro3810-193 Portugal

Deterioration of electric transformers’ insulating systems can be monitored using specific markers, such as furanic compounds formed by degradation of cellulosic materials (insulating paper) impregnated with mineral oil. However, the presence of these markers in the insulating oil can be masked by their adsorption on paper, which may occur during aging tests and/or the preparation of aged oil samples for analysis. Hence, it is important to assess the partitioning of aging markers in insulating systems comprising mineral oil and paper. In this work, furfural (FAL) and furfuryl alcohol (FOL) were chosen as degradation markers to study adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of furanic compounds in oil-paper systems, at 30 °C. Two insulating papers were tested, using distinct initial moisture content and FAL/FOL mass ratio. Overall, the results showed that the partition of FAL and FOL in the oil-paper systems is influenced by the solute's molecular structure, by the morphological surface of the paper, and by its moisture content. In the range 3.2 wt.% to 8.7 wt.% H2O, when the paper moisture content increases the concentration of furanic compounds in the oil is lower which means the furanic compounds migrate to the paper. Single and multicomponent equilibrium adsorption data were successfully fitted to a linear isotherm equation and kinetic data were fitted to pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models. These models are useful to plan the analysis of degradation markers in oil-paper insulating systems of electric transformers, which should consider their partition in both phases. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Furfural

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An Energy Storage System for the Alto Douro Wind Power Plant: A Technical Study 11th

An Energy Storage System for the Alto Douro Wind Power Plant...

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11th International Conference on Energy and Environment Research, ICEER 2024

作者： Felgueiras, Carlos Magalhães, Alexandre Xavier, Celso Pereira, Filipe Santos, Adriano A. da Silva, António Ferreira Silva, Paulo Caetano, Nídia Machado, José School of Engineering CIETI-Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology Polytechnic of Porto Porto Portugal Department of Electrical Engineering School of Engineering Polytechnic of Porto Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431 Porto4249-015 Portugal Finerge Av. Dom Afonso Henriques 1345 Matosinhos4450-017 Portugal Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Polytechnic of Porto Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431 Porto4249-015 Portugal INEGI–Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto R. Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal School of Engineering MEtRICs Research Centre University of Minho Campus of Azurém Guimarães4800-058 Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031824067

Renewable energies are crucial to meeting global demand for environmentally friendly energy at a time when fossil fuels are being cut back. In recent years, and essentially due to the reduced reserves of fossil fuels, Portugal has been promoting investment in renewable energies as a way of freeing itself from energy imports and dependence on fossil fuels. However, despite the high number of hours of sunshine per day and the use of wind and hydraulic energy, production is unstable due to climate variability. All this climate instability translates into fluctuations in the energy released to the grid. In order to minimize this problem, energy storage systems have become a key element in guaranteeing the stability of the renewable energy supply at times of low production. This article presents a feasibility analysis of a renewable energy storage system with the aim of maximizing the profitability of a wind farm located in Portugal's Alto Douro region. As a starting point, a demand analysis is presented, as well as simulations of the system's performance in terms of energy use and profitability as a function of efficiency and power. Taking these assumptions and the analysis into account, a modular lithium battery storage system with high efficiency and fast charging and discharging powers was chosen. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Fast charging (Batteries)

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Recovered carbon black: A comprehensive review of activation, demineralization, and incorporation in rubber matrices

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2025年

作者： Silva, Clara M.C. Maganinho, Cristiana Mendes, Adélio Rocha, João Portugal, Inês Silva, Carlos M. CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto 4200-465 Portugal ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto 4200-465 Portugal

The rapid growth of the automobile industry has substantially increased end-of-life tires (ELT) production with over 2 300 million units manufactured in 2022. Despite known processes to recover materials and energy from ELT, a significant number of tires still end up in landfills, posing environmental problems. Pyrolysis offers a promising alternative to produce energy and marketable products like recovered carbon black (rCB). Incorporating rCB into rubber matrices shows potential for partially replacing commercial carbon black, but more research is required to understand its reinforcing effects and recyclability through repeated pyrolysis cycles. Furthermore, tire composition variability affects rCB quality, challenging consistent production for market applications. Post-treatments like activation and demineralization enhance rCB properties but pose challenges, with higher activation degrees improving pore structure but reducing carbon content while demineralization removes impurities but raises concerns about chemical use and equipment wear. Further research is needed to develop scalable and economically viable post-treatments along with their life cycle assessment. Here, a comprehensive literature review on rCB activation and demineralization is presented and, since the ultimate goal is to reuse rCB in the production of new tires, the rCB incorporation into rubber matrices is also reviewed. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Activation Demineralization End-of-life tires Pyrolysis Recovered carbon black Rubber compounds

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A₂B₂-type porphyrins enhanced by N-donor units: Synthesis optimization and photodynamic efficiency towards S. aureus

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Bioorganic Chemistry 2025年 162卷 108607页

作者： Reis, Melani J.A. Vieira, Cátia Bartolomeu, Maria Faustino, M. Amparo F. Pereira, Ana M.V.M. Neves, Maria G.P.M.S. Almeida, Adelaide Moura, Nuno M.M. LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal CESAM and Department of Biology University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias Porto 4200-465 Portugal ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias Porto 4200-465 Portugal

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising alternative or complementary strategy to traditional antimicrobial treatments. This approach relies on the light activation of a photosensitizer (PS) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that destroy microorganisms. This study described the synthesizes of a series of Zn(II) complexes and free-base trans-A₂B₂-type porphyrins, modified with nitrogen-based donor moieties directly attached to the porphyrin core via C[sbnd]N bonds. The functionalization of the porphyrin macrocycle was strongly dependent on the nature of the porphyrin template (H₂BPP, ZnBPP or ZnBr₂BPP) as well as the structure of the nitrogen-based reagent (carbazole, 3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole, 10H-phenoxazine, 10H-phenothiazine and bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine). Both series of derivatives were effectively incorporated into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) formulations, allowing them to overcome their low water solubility. The photodynamic activity of the PVP-based formulations obtained was assessed towards the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, with and without the coadjuvant KI. The biological assays revealed that the new PVP-PS formulations were generally highly effective in the photoinactivation of S. aureus in the presence of KI. Principal component analysis (PCA), used to examine relationships between variables and identify key factors, showed that iodine (I₂) formation was the most influential factor of the photosensitizing activity of PVP-based formulations. The results showed that trans-A₂B₂-type porphyrins modified with N-donor units through C[sbnd]N bond have a high potential to develop novel and efficient porphyrin-based PS to be used in the photodynamic inactivation of bacterial strains. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Multidrugresistant bacteria Photosensitizers Porphyrins, N-donor units PVP formulations

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Students' summer internships in a research centre: The impact on scientific literacy and the choice of a career in the STEM fields

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Heliyon 2025年第4期11卷 e42472页

作者： Saraiva, Elisa Silva, Sónia Castro, Joana Araújo, Daniela Almeida, Carina Azevedo, Maria Manuel Agrupamento D. Maria II Vila Nova de Famalicão Portugal Escola Superior de Educação Instituto Politécnico de Porto Portugal INIAV IP - National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Vairão Portugal CEB Centre of Biological Engineering University of Minho Braga Portugal LABBELS – Associate Laboratory Braga Guimarães Portugal LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal inED Centro de Investigação e Inovação em Educação Escola Superior de Educação Instituto Politécnico do Porto Porto Portugal Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal

Science communication is crucial for engaging society in real-life contexts. In this line of thought, research centres play a pivotal role in promoting dynamic and interactive communication that enables science to be disseminated. This study constitutes a qualitative research based on a case study involving middle school students, researchers and teachers, which took place in a research centre in Portugal that provided a two-week internship experience for students. The results confirm a significant increase in students' knowledge, attitudes, and 21st-century skills. The student's participation in the internship inspires them to pursue further education, in general, and in the sciences in particular. Unfortunately, such opportunities are uncommon for middle school students, so, extracurricular activities that provide authentic science experiences outside the regular school curriculum are of utmost value. © 2025

关键词： Experimental work Infectious diseases Microbiology Research centres Science communication Science education

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