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KINETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Pt/Al2O3 CATALYST FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION VIA METHANOL AQUEOUS-PHASE REFORMING 23

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KINETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Pt/Al2O3 CATALYST FOR HYDROGEN P...

23rd World Hydrogen Energy Conference: Bridging Continents by H2, WHEC 2022

作者： Lakhtaria, Paranjeet Ribeirinha, Paulo Sousa, José Mendes, Adélio LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal Departamento de Química Escola de Ciências da Vida e do Ambiente Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Quinta de Prados Vila Real5000-801 Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9786250008430

Methanol aqueous-phase reforming (APR) is a simpler and more energy-efficient process compared to traditional gas-phase reforming. Methanol APR is considered to be a potential technology for providing in-situ hydrogen (H2) production, mainly for H2-powered fuel cell technology. The performance evaluation of a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst in methanol APR under various operating conditions is reported. Studies were conducted at various temperatures, pressures, methanol concentrations, and residence times to evaluate APR performance. An increase in methanol conversion was observed with increased operating temperature and decreased system pressure. It was also noted that higher methanol concentration in the feed had an adverse effect on APR performance. © 2022 Proceedings of WHEC 2022 - 23rd World Hydrogen Energy Conference: Bridging Continents by H2. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalysts

Air Quality Assessment During the Low Emission Zone Implementation in Madrid (Spain)

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Gómez-Losada, Álvaro Pires, José C.M. Universidad Loyola Andalucía Department of Quantitative Methods Avda. de las Universidades s/n Seville Dos Hermanas41704 Spain LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal

Low emission zones (LEZ) represents one of the strategies to reduce, or limit, emissions of air pollutants from road traffic within specific spatial areas in cities. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Madrid LEZ by quantifying the reduction in ambient and background pollution, the latter representative of the pollution to which the population is chronically exposed. The average reduction in the NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 ambient pollution concentration was 12.1 μg·m-3, 5.2 μg·m-3 and 3.4 μg·m-3, respectively. Regarding background pollution, these reductions were 9.6 μg·m-3 for NO2, 0.5 μg·m-3 for PM10, and 1.2 μg·m-3 for PM2.5. Diff-in-Diff analysis compares the changes in outcomes over time between a population enrolled in a program (sites within LEZ zone - treatment group-) and a population that is not (sites outside the LEZ zone - control group). Road traffic contributions were estimated to be reduced by 12.8 μg·m-3 for NO2 and 5.3 μg·m-3 for PM10. Even results have shown that LEZ implementation in Madrid have been effective and represented an improvement in the air quality of the city, it still can be considered insufficient, and further restrictive measures remains to be targeted for its impact on urban health be more pronounced. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrogen oxides

An Energy Storage System for the Alto Douro Wind Power Plant: A Technical Study 11th

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An Energy Storage System for the Alto Douro Wind Power Plant...

11th International Conference on Energy and Environment Research, ICEER 2024

作者： Felgueiras, Carlos Magalhães, Alexandre Xavier, Celso Pereira, Filipe Santos, Adriano A. da Silva, António Ferreira Silva, Paulo Caetano, Nídia Machado, José School of Engineering CIETI-Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology Polytechnic of Porto Porto Portugal Department of Electrical Engineering School of Engineering Polytechnic of Porto Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431 Porto4249-015 Portugal Finerge Av. Dom Afonso Henriques 1345 Matosinhos4450-017 Portugal Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering Polytechnic of Porto Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431 Porto4249-015 Portugal INEGI–Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto R. Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal School of Engineering MEtRICs Research Centre University of Minho Campus of Azurém Guimarães4800-058 Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031824067

Renewable energies are crucial to meeting global demand for environmentally friendly energy at a time when fossil fuels are being cut back. In recent years, and essentially due to the reduced reserves of fossil fuels, Portugal has been promoting investment in renewable energies as a way of freeing itself from energy imports and dependence on fossil fuels. However, despite the high number of hours of sunshine per day and the use of wind and hydraulic energy, production is unstable due to climate variability. All this climate instability translates into fluctuations in the energy released to the grid. In order to minimize this problem, energy storage systems have become a key element in guaranteeing the stability of the renewable energy supply at times of low production. This article presents a feasibility analysis of a renewable energy storage system with the aim of maximizing the profitability of a wind farm located in Portugal's Alto Douro region. As a starting point, a demand analysis is presented, as well as simulations of the system's performance in terms of energy use and profitability as a function of efficiency and power. Taking these assumptions and the analysis into account, a modular lithium battery storage system with high efficiency and fast charging and discharging powers was chosen. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Fast charging (Batteries)

Engagement with the Community and Partnerships for Sustainable Food Production and Consumption in Portuguese Higher Education Institutions 2nd

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Engagement with the Community and Partnerships for Sustainab...

2nd International Conference on Water Energy Food and Sustainability, ICoWEFS 2022

作者： Soares, Aldina Neto, Belmira Farinha, Carla Avelar, David Alves, Elsa Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal – Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal Campus Do IPS Estefanilha Setúbal2914-508 Portugal LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal DEMM Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal CENSE Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research NOVA School of Science and Technology UNL Caparica Portugal cE3c Center for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal CETRAD Centro de Estudos Transdisciplinares Para O Desenvolvimento University of Trás-Os-Montes Vila Real Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031268489

The Sustainable Food Production and Consumption Working Group of the Sustainable Campus Network (RCS) participated, in 2020/21, in a survey of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Portugal. One of the sections of this survey aimed to better understand what is happening in HEIs in terms of the food service sustainability. Food Production and Consumption is a critical theme for sustainability and has a very high importance within the scope of actions and interventions of HEIs in the society. Training, research, internal practices, and partnerships are easily identified as ways for HEIs to impact society. The work presented here focuses on the results obtained from the survey in terms of existing partnerships and connections within the community. The survey was answered by 30 HEIs, comprehending Public and Private Universities, Polytechnic Institutes and Non-Integrated Schools. In the set of responses, 24 HEIs (80%) responded positively to the question: "Does the HEI have initiatives for the promotion of sustainable food consumption?". One of the survey goals’ was to analyse the HEIs "connection to the Community". The results show us that there are few references to the relationship regarding the supply chain, namely, on producers and HEI’s. However, references to the traditional HEIs’ partnerships are frequent namely functional research and teaching partners amongst other scientific areas, active networks, internships, and conferences. A good practice is the brand-new network regarding partnerships focused on the reduction of food waste and evolving academic community. The results suggest that mainly all the HEIs lack a systemic strategy of building bridges with the community, as a two-way avenue to achieve sustainability. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： Sustainable development

Preparation of Highly Performing and Reproducible Tantalum Nitride Photoelectrodes

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Gonçalves, André Dias, Paula Mendes, Adélio LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal

The harvest of solar energy is one of the most promising options to meet the global energy demand in a sustainable way. Photoelectrochemical cell technology offers a practical and efficient pathway to harvest solar energy and convert it directly into electrochemical fuels. Tantalum nitride (Ta3N5) is an attractive direct bandgap semiconductor for photoelectrochemical cell applications, with a bandgap of ca. 2.1 eV, suitable band edge positions for water splitting and a high theoretical maximum photocurrent of 12.9 mA·cm-2. In this work, highly efficient bare Ta3N5 photoelectrodes were prepared using a Ta-metal foil as substrate, reaching a maximum photocurrent >8 mA·cm-2, at 0.4 VAg/AgCl. However, the first prepared samples displayed random photocurrent performances. The preparation process was then studied and optimized to enhance both photoelectrochemical performance and reproducibility;the obtained best synthesis conditions were oxidation of the Ta-metal foil at 575 °C, under an atmosphere of synthetic air, followed by a nitridation step at 850 °C, under an atmosphere of ammonia. X-ray diffraction analysis evidenced that orthorhombic Ta3N5 was the only crystalline phase present in all analyzed samples. These optimized conditions allowed to produce Ta3N5 photoelectrodes yielding an average maximum photocurrent of 4.51 mA·cm-2, with normalized standard deviation of 11.1%. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photoelectrochemical cells

Effect of Macro-Structure of Ni-Based Catalysts on Methane Splitting Systems

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Alves, Luís Pereira, Vítor Dias, Paula Lagarteira, Tiago Meloni, Simone Prieto, Gonzalo Mendes, Adélio LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering Environmental Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal ALiCE – Associated Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences University of Ferrara Via Luigi Borsari 46 Ferrara44121 Italy Av. Los Naranjos s/n Valencia46022 Spain

Methane splitting, also known as methane decomposition or cracking, is expected to allow swift energy decarbonization since it produces hydrogen without emitting CO2. This work studies the low temperature catalytic methane splitting on catalytic Ni surfaces applied on the shell side of tubular supports. Four different catalytic systems were assessed: Ni-foil, Ni particles deposited on α-Al2O3, SiO2-Al2O3-supported Ni catalyst deposited on α-Al2O3, and SiO2-Al2O3-supported Ni catalysts deposited on carbon felt. Ni-foil displayed very low catalytic activity even after chemical abrasion treatments were used to increase the surface area. The coating of Ni particles, prepared from dip-coating, originated an intermediate catalytic activity that, however, deactivated very quickly. On the other hand, the coatings of Ni/SiO2-Al2O3 originated the best catalytic activity and stability, vastly outperforming the other catalytic systems. Ni/SiO2-Al2O3 deposited over carbon felt was particularly stable, presenting an activity loss rate of ca. 0.011 gH2·gcat-1·h-2, compared to ca. 0.020 gH2·gcat-1·h-2 for the Ni/SiO2- Al2O3 deposited over α-Al2O3 system. Furthermore, the mechanical integrity of the carbon felt-deposited film was shown to be maintained, while the α-Al2O3-deposited film structure collapsed, due to carbon formation. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon

No2 Data from Air Quality Networks and Sentinel-5p: Relationship with O3 and Meteorological Variables in the Three Most Populated Cities in Spain

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Morillas, Carlos Álvarez, Sergio Pires, José C.M. García, Adrián Jesús Martínez, Sara Department of Land Morphology and Engineering Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid28040 Spain LEPABE — Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal ALiCE — Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal Detektia Earth Surface Monitoring S.L. Ciudad Universitaria Calle Profesor Aranguren 3 Madrid28040 Spain

NO2 is one of the most persistent and harmful atmospheric pollutants in urban environments. In Spain, several major cities have high rates of avoidable deaths associated with NO2 exposure, and efforts are being made to implement reduction strategies. In this study, a statistical analysis of NO2 concentration data from air quality stations and the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite was conducted in the three most populated cities in Spain (Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia), along with O3 concentration and wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation records from their meteorological stations. In all cases, O3 and NO2 levels were negatively correlated, attributed to their mutual influence on chemical formation and elimination processes. As expected, higher wind speeds were also associated with lower NO2 concentrations. A similar trend was observed for high temperature and solar radiation values, although not consistently for NO2 concentrations at the surface level. Wind direction was influenced by the topography of each city, with pollution levels showing a similar distribution across directions for both ground and satellite data. Relative humidity did not yield relevant correlations. A strong agreement was found between both NO2 data groups in the city of Madrid (r=0.86), with a more stable climatology and data sample available compared to Barcelona (r=0.64) and Valencia (r=0.7). The study was complemented with a principal component analysis, revealing the relationship between NO2 and O3, temperature, and solar radiation, as well as with wind speed for both ground and satellite data. A detailed study of these parameters in each location is required to understand its atmospheric dynamics and support potential research on estimations of surface air quality through satellite sensors. Remote sensing can be a powerful tool in areas without air quality monitoring networks and for evaluating the effectiveness of mitigation policies. © 2024, T

关键词： Wind

No2 Data from Air Quality Networks and Sentinel-5p: Relationship with O3 and Meteorological Variables in the Largest Cities Of Spain

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SSRN 2024年

In Spain, several major cities have high rates of avoidable deaths due to NO2 exposure. Understanding NO2 atmospheric dynamics can support policy action in high pollution scenarios. Recent satellite products have proved useful in characterizing urban atmospheric composition in multiple regions. This study compares NO2 concentration data from in situ air quality networks and the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite in Spain's three largest cities (Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia) with O3 levels, wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation from their monitoring stations, and wind direction from the ERA5-Land model. Correlation and principal component analyses determined that O3 and wind speed were negatively correlated with NO2 levels in all cases. A similar trend was observed for high temperature and solar radiation in Madrid. Wind direction was decisive for NO2 distribution in Barcelona and Valencia. Increasing average wind speeds affected the correlation between in situ and satellite NO2 data (Madrid: r=0.86, v=1.34 m/s;Valencia: r=0.68, v=2.97 m/s;Barcelona: r=0.65, v=8.04 m/s). These relationships offer deeper insights into different air quality scenarios and will become the starting point for surface-level estimations via satellite remote sensing in these and other municipalities lacking air quality monitoring facilities. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air quality

Role of Biofilm Structure in Thermal Disinfection Efficacy in Water Systems

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Silva, Ana Rosa Narciso, Diogo A.C. Gomes, Luciana C. Martins, F.G. Melo, Luis F. Pereira, Ana LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering Environment Biotechnology and Energy Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias Porto4200-465 Portugal

Biofilms are ubiquitous in engineered water systems and can harbor waterborne pathogens. In hot water networks, temperature-based strategies are commonly applied to control microbial growth, but the impact of those procedures on biofilm structure is not well characterized. This study aims to investigate the impact of a thermal disinfection procedure (70 ºC for 15 min) in pre-established (8-days-old) Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms formed in a Center for Disease Control (CDC) biofilm reactor, as well as to assess its regrowth potential over 24 hours, under two different stirring velocities (125 and 225 RPM). Biofilm’s structure was assessed, at the mesoscale, through 2D- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and at the microscale, through Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Culturability and cellular energy were also evaluated. Results showed that the impact of the thermal disinfection on the biofilm structure (thickness, biovolume and surface coverage) depends on the hydrodynamic conditions, which are also critical to the biofilm structural rearrangement upon regrowth. Furthermore, results seem to indicate that regardless of the biofilm structural characteristics, bacteria recovered their culturability and viability to similar values to the ones before the thermal shock. This work provides an initial framework to develop more sustainable and effective thermal disinfection procedures in engineered water networks. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biofilms