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11th Frontier Academic Forum of Electrical Engineering, FAFEE 2024

作者： Huang, Ling Mei, Tan College of Electrical and Information Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou730050 China Key Lab of Advanced Control for Industrial Process in Gansu Province Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou730050 China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Electrical and Control Engineering Education Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou730050 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819788279

Aiming at the single-view angle through-wall radar in the process of human behavior recognition there is a viewpoint blind area, resulting in the inability to accurately identify the movement state of the human target behind the wall. In this paper, based on the multi-view through-wall radar system, a multi-view through-wall human behavior recognition method based on attention fusion is proposed. Firstly, the features of the radar distance image are enhanced by the method of clutter suppression and compensated gain to, and the dataset is constructed in this way. Secondly, we use the improved DenseNet to extract features from the distance image data of the two viewpoints, and finally, we use the attention mechanism to calculate the weight information of the radar echo signals of the two viewpoints, and then we fuse the two action feature information according to this weight data, and input the classifier to get the behavior recognition results. The experimental results show that the behavior recognition method proposed in this paper achieves better results compared with the existing behavior recognition methods. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Radar imaging

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Utilization of enhanced electrolytic bubbles in electrooxidation for efficient refractory organics removal

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WATER RESEARCH 2025年 281卷 123579页

作者： Yan, Zhongsen Chen, Xiaolei Yu, Huarong Qu, Fangshu Qu, Dan Chang, Haiqing van der Bruggen, Bart Fuzhou Univ Coll Civil Engn Fuzhou 350116 Fujian Peoples R China Guangzhou Univ Key Lab Water Qual & Conservat Pearl River Delta Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China Beijing Forestry Univ Coll Environm Sci & Engn Beijing Key Lab Source Control Technol Water Pollu 35 Qinghua East Rd Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Coll Architecture & Environm Key Lab Deep Earth Sci & Engn MOE Chengdu 610207 Peoples R China Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Chem Engn Proc Engn Sustainable Syst ProcESS Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium

Although electrooxidation can remove refractory organics, a significant amount of energy is required for non-selective oxidation, and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) contributes little to the process. In this study, the conventional electrolytic bubbles were enhanced to improve the performance of organic matter removal. Using humic acid as a model recalcitrant organic pollutant, a membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) was designed to separate mixed bubbles (e.g., H-2 and O-2) produced during electrooxidation with a diaphragm, thereby dividing the individual MER O-2 and MER H-2. The bubbles stability of MER O-2 was higher than that of conventional electrooxidation and aeration, which facilitated the removal of humic acid. Surfactants with different electrical characteristics were further used to enhance the interaction between the bubbles and humic acid. After the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB 80 mg/L), the positive charge of the MER O-2 bubbles intensified, inducing the removal of 92.8 % humic acid (250 mg/L) with an oxidation rate <3.7 %. Moreover, CTAB could be reused after foam fractionation. Using zeta potential distribution theory, the initial electrical properties of MER O-2 (+) and MER H-2 (-) were clarified, as well as the charge intensification by CTAB on MER O-2 bubbles. Besides, the acidification by MER imparted initial electrical properties to the bubbles and led to the aggregation of humic acid, and the humic acid adhering to the bubbles further isolated the merging of the bubbles. The application of enhanced electrolytic bubbles offers a novel approach to reducing energy consumption in humic acid removal via electrooxidation systems.

关键词： Humic acid Surfactant Electrooxidation Electrolytic bubble Acidification

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Channel geometry and throttling regulation effects on printed circuit Joule-Thomson cryocooler performance

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Applied Thermal Engineering 2025年 274卷

作者： She, Hailong Hu, Guangzhong Cui, Xiaoyu Liu, Zhongbin Li, Hang Peng, Di Zhao, Zhe Yin, Peng College of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan University of Science & Engineering Yibin644000 China Sichuan Provincial Key Lab of Process Equipment and Control Engineering Yibin644000 China College of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China

To solve the shortcomings of the current microchannel Joule-Thomson (J-T) cryocooler, such as monotonous channel configurations and limited parallelization, this study integrates printed circuit heat exchanger fabrication technology with distributed throttling refrigeration theory. A distributed J-T effect cryocooler featuring a multi-rectangular microchannel parallel structure was successfully developed. Performance investigations were conducted with the cryocooler as the prototype. By analyzing the thermodynamic parameter evolution of Ar at critical nodes, the weak link of the prototype was identified: the low J-T coefficient μjt at the throttling inlet limits overall efficiency. To resolve this, a dual optimization strategy was proposed. First, topology optimization of the channel form of the counterflow heat exchanger was implemented to enhance precooling. The results show that the airfoil fin channels exhibit superior performance compared to other configurations. When the inlet parameters are 6.0 MPa and 285.0 K, compared with the prototype, the cold-end temperature decreases from 194.9 K to 167.8 K, the J-T efficiency is increased from 49.1 % to 56.1 %. the airfoil geometry intensifies heat transfer, thereby promoting more significant distributed J-T effect and heat transfer coupling in the throttling section, which is the key to improving refrigeration performance. In addition, length ratio optimization between counterflow heat exchanger and throttle was explored. The results show that increasing the length ratio of the throttling channel can effectively suppress the limit velocity of the fluid, thus delaying the occurrence of choked flow. Conversely, reducing this proportion lowers the cold-end temperature. constrained by choked flow limits, the minimum throttling length under the conditions described in this study is 12 mm, achieving a further temperature drop to 136.4 K, with peak J-T efficiency (74.1 %) and heat flux (2.77 W/mm). The established dual opti

关键词： Refrigeration

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A closed-loop particle swarm optimizer for multivariable process controller design

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第8期9卷 1050-1060页

作者： Kai HAN Jun ZHAO Zu-hua XU Ji-xin QIAN State Key Lab of Industrial Control Technology Institute of Industrial Process Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Design of general multivariable process controllers is an attractive and practical alternative to optimizing design by evolutionary algorithms (EAs) since it can be formulated as an optimization problem. A closed-loop particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) algorithm is proposed by mapping PSO elements into the closed-loop system based on control theories. At each time step, a proportional integral (PI) controller is used to calculate an updated inertia weight for each particle in swarms from its last fitness. With this modification, limitations caused by a uniform inertia weight for the whole population are avoided, and the particles have enough diversity. After the effectiveness, efficiency and robustness are tested by benchmark functions, CLPSO is applied to design a multivariable proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for a solvent dehydration tower in a chemical plant and has improved its performances.

关键词： Multivariable process control Proportional-integral-derivative （PID） control Model predictive control （MPC） Particle swarm optimization （PSO） Closed-loop system

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Batch process monitoring based on multilevel ICA-PCA

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第8期9卷 1061-1069页

作者： Zhi-qiang GE Zhi-huan SONG State Key Lab of Industrial Control Technology Institute of Industrial Process Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

In this paper, we describe a new batch process monitoring method based on multilevel independent component analysis and principal component analysis (MLICA-PCA). Unlike the conventional multi-way principal component analysis (MPCA) method, MLICA-PCA provides a separated interpretation for multilevel batch process data. Batch process data are partitioned into two levels: the within-batch level and the between-batch level. In each level, the Gaussian and non-Gaussian components of process information can be separately extracted. I2, T2 and SPE statistics are individually built and monitored. The new method facilitates fault diagnosis. Since the two variation levels are decomposed, the variables responsible for faults in each level can be identified and interpreted more easily. A case study of the Dupont benchmark process showed that the proposed method was more efficient and interpretable in fault detection and diagnosis, compared to the alternative batch process monitoring method.

关键词： Multilevel Independent component analysis （ICA） Principal component analysis （PCA） Batch process monitoring Non-Gaussian

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Hardware-in-the-loop simulation for the design and testing of engine-control systems

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control ENGINEERING PRACTICE 1999年第5期7卷 643-653页

作者： Isermann, R Schaffnit, J Sinsel, S Tech Univ Darmstadt Inst Automat Control Lab Control Engn & Process Automat D-64283 Darmstadt Germany

For the design, implementation and testing of control systems hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is increasingly being required, where some of the control-loop components are real hardware, and some are simulated. Usually, a process is simulated because it is not available (simultaneous engineering), or because experiments with the real process are too costly or require too much time. The real-time requirements for such simulations depend on the time-scale of the process and the simulated components involved. This paper gives, first, an overview of the various kinds of real-time and HIL simulation. Then. two cases are considered. First, HIL simulation for relatively slow processes, like those in basic industries or heating systems, is discussed. Then, the HIL simulation of combustion engines is shown in detail. The required models are described. Comparisons between real-time simulations and measurements on real diesel engines and trucks are shown. The goal of the HIL system is to develop new control algorithms and to investigate the effect of faults, both in sensors and actuators, and the engine itself. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： real-time simulation hardware-in-the-loop simulation diesel engines turbochargers vehicle dynamics transputers digital signal processors simulator testbenches

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DEFINING DIRECTIONALITY - USE OF DIRECTIONALITY MEASURES WITH RESPECT TO SCALING

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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH 1995年第4期34卷 1244-1252页

作者： WALLER, JB WALLER, KV ABO AKAD DEPT CHEM ENGN PROCESS CONTROL LAB SF-20500 TURKU FINLAND

The concepts of process directionality and ill-conditionedness are studied. The definition of these concepts commonly used in the literature is shown to be insufficient, due to the wide range of different applications connected to directionality studied in the field of process control. The commonly used definition does not provide a general concept, which leads to a state where directionality is used in a very problem-specific way. With the aim of achieving a general concept, a refinement of the definition of process directionality is proposed. The refinement divides the concept of directionality into two parts, which are connected to stability and performance aspects, respectively. The refinement of the definition clarifies the connection between control difficulties and directionality, and it also clarifies the scaling choice when modeling a process with respect to directionality analysis.

关键词： process control

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Electrochemical sensors for clinic analysis

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SENSORS 2008年第4期8卷 2043-2081页

作者： Wang, You Xu, Hui Zhang, Jianming Li, Guang Zhejiang Univ State Key Lab Ind Control Technol Inst Adv Process Control Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

Demanded by modern medical diagnosis, advances in microfabrication technology have led to the development of fast, sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors for clinic analysis. This review addresses the principles behind electrochemical sensor design and fabrication, and introduces recent progress in the application of electrochemical sensors to analysis of clinical chemicals such as blood gases, electrolytes, metabolites, DNA and antibodies, including basic and applied research. Miniaturized commercial electrochemical biosensors will form the basis of inexpensive and easy to use devices for acquiring chemical information to bring sophisticated analytical capabilities to the non-specialist and general public alike in the future.

关键词： electrochemical sensor clinic analysis enzyme electrodes immunosensors DNA electrolyte blood gas glucose

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control of integrated processes:: A case study on reactive distillation in a medium-scale pilot plant

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control ENGINEERING PRACTICE 2007年第7期15卷 863-881页

作者： Voelker, Marten Sonntag, Christian Engell, Sebastian Univ Dortmund Process Control Lab Dept Biochem & Chem Engn D-44221 Dortmund Germany

This paper deals with the systematic design of a multivariable controller for a medium-scale reactive distillation column that is operated in semi-batch mode. This is a challenging problem because of the time-varying and strongly nonlinear dynamics of the process and considerable deviations of the behaviour of the real plant from the rigorous model used for process design. The design procedure consists of three steps: first, a suitable control structure that enables the operation of the column near the economically optimal operating point is determined based upon the rigorous nonlinear process model. In a second step, a linear model of the column is identified from experiments and used to compute the best attainable control performance for the chosen control structure. In this step, actuator limitations and model uncertainties described by confidence intervals that were obtained in the identification procedure are considered. In the third step, the resulting high-order controller is approximated by a low-order controller that gives nearly the same performance and preserves robust stability for the computed uncertainty bounds. The controller performance is demonstrated in a series of experiments that were performed at the real reactive distillation column. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： reactive distillation process control robust control controller order reduction model uncertainty system identification

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Case study of the predictive models used for stability improvement of the DC voltage reference source

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 1998年第6期47卷 1487-1491页

作者： Nancovska, I Kranjec, P Jeglic, A Fefer, D Univ Ljubljana Fac Elect Engn Process Control & Measurement Lab Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia

The aim of this paper is to present a atypical application of predictive models for voltage correction in a high-precision solid-state de voltage reference source (DCVRS), Several types of neural networks are trained until the invariant measures of dynamics, such as correlation dimension and leading Lyapunov exponent of the predicted signals, reach the values of the same invariant measures of the original signals. The predictive models are used as a segment in the software-controlled voltage reference element (VRE), A control loop is implemented to reduce the interference sensitivity of the reference source which contributes to enhancement of the robustness of the system and thereby the stability of the reference voltage.

关键词： neural networks prediction methods time series voltage control

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