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National science Review 2023年第6期10卷 13-15页

作者： Yinpeng Dong Chang Liu Wenzhao Xiang Hang Su Jun Zhu Department of Computer Science and Technology Institute for AI Tsinghua-Bosch Joint ML Center THBI Lab BNRist Center Tsinghua University Institute of Image Communication and Networks Engineering in the Department of Electronic Engineering (EE) Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Institute of Computing Technology CAS Peng Cheng Laboratory Pazhou Laboratory (Huangpu)

PROBLEM In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology,especially machine learning and deep learning, is profoundly changing human production and *** various fields,such as robotics,face recognition,autonomous driving and healthcare,AI is playing an important ***,although AI is promoting the technological revolution and industrial progress,its security risks are often *** studies have found that the wellperforming deep learning models are extremely vulnerable to adversarial examples [1-3].The adversarial examples are crafted by applying small,humanimperceptible perturbations to natural examples,but can mislead deep learning models to make wrong *** vulnerability of deep learning models to adversarial examples can raise security and safety threats to various realworld applications.

关键词： robustness adversarial example adversarial training deep learning

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HetVis: A Visual Analysis Approach for Identifying Data Heterogeneity in Horizontal Federated Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 2023年第1期29卷 310-319页

作者： Wang, Xumeng Chen, Wei Xia, Jiazhi Wen, Zhen Zhu, Rongchen Schreck, Tobias TMCC CS Nankai University China State Key Lab of CAD&CG Zhejiang University China Laboratory of Art and Archaeology Image Zhejiang University Ministry of Education China School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University China Graz University of Technology Austria

Horizontal federated learning (HFL) enables distributed clients to train a shared model and keep their data privacy. In training high-quality HFL models, the data heterogeneity among clients is one of the major concerns. However, due to the security issue and the complexity of deep learning models, it is challenging to investigate data heterogeneity across different clients. To address this issue, based on a requirement analysis we developed a visual analytics tool, HetVis, for participating clients to explore data heterogeneity. We identify data heterogeneity through comparing prediction behaviors of the global federated model and the stand-alone model trained with local data. Then, a context-aware clustering of the inconsistent records is done, to provide a summary of data heterogeneity. Combining with the proposed comparison techniques, we develop a novel set of visualizations to identify heterogeneity issues in HFL. We designed three case studies to introduce how HetVis can assist client analysts in understanding different types of heterogeneity issues. Expert reviews and a comparative study demonstrate the effectiveness of HetVis. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Cluster analysis

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A novel clinical artificial intelligence model for disease detection via retinal imaging

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 11-12页

作者： Yidian Fu Liang Ma Sheng Wan Shengfang Ge Zhi Yang Department of Ophthalmology Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology Shanghai 200011China PCA Lab Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of EducationNanjing 210000China Jiangsu Key Lab of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security School of Computer Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210000China

Artificial intelligence(AI)is an emerging field in which computerized systems are used to carry out complex tasks in place of *** AI algorithms have been developed for disease diagnosis and prediction and treatment recommendation across various clinical data types,e.g.,chest X-rays,electrocardiograms,and other radiological images.1 In ophthalmology,particularly,great progress has been made in AI systems over the past *** fundus photography(CFP)and optical coherence tomography(OCT),which are readily available in routine clinical practice,are both mainstream and useful retinal imaging modalities in *** September 2023,the 2023 Lasker-Debakey Clinical Medical Research Award was awarded to three scientists for their work on OCT for accurate retinal disease detection.

关键词： clinical routine diagnosis

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Context-Specific Refinements of Bayesian Network Classifiers

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Leonelli, Manuele Varando, Gherardo School of Science and Technology IE University Madrid Spain Image Processing Lab University of Valencia Valencia Spain

Supervised classification is one of the most ubiquitous tasks in machine learning. Generative classifiers based on Bayesian networks are often used because of their interpretability and competitive accuracy. The widely used naive and TAN classifiers are specific instances of Bayesian network classifiers with a constrained underlying graph. This paper introduces novel classes of generative classifiers extending TAN and other famous types of Bayesian network classifiers. Our approach is based on staged tree models, which extend Bayesian networks by allowing for complex, context-specific patterns of dependence. We formally study the relationship between our novel classes of classifiers and Bayesian networks. We introduce and implement data-driven learning routines for our models and investigate their accuracy in an extensive computational study. The study demonstrates that models embedding asymmetric information can enhance classification accuracy. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Accessibility and Vulnerability Analysis of the Integrated Road, High-speed Rail and Airline System in China 13

Accessibility and Vulnerability Analysis of the Integrated R...

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13th International Conference on Reliability, Maintainability, and Safety, ICRMS 2022

作者： Sun, Wenjing Zhang, Hui Ouyang, Min School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Key Lab. for Image Processing and Intelligent Control Huazhong University of Science and Technology Ministry of Education Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (数字)9781665486903

ISBN: (纸本)9781665486903

National-scale transportation systems are critical infrastructures to ensure the normal operation of the nation and offer essential services to modern societies. And they face a constant barrage of external stresses or threats that challenge their operation. This article analyzes the accessibility and vulnerability of the Chinese road, high-speed rail and airline systems. Firstly, it models the complementary relationship among road, high-speed rail and airline systems and takes them as an integrated transportation system (IRHAS). Then, the accessibility map from (to) the center of Beijing via IRHAS is displayed. Finally, modeling the extreme storm recently occurred in Zhengzhou as a reginal disruption, the vulnerability of the IRHAS is calculated. The findings in this paper provide guidance for city administrators to plan the road, high-speed rail, and airline systems as a whole. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Storms

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Learning from Noisy labels with Coarse-to-Fine Sample Credibility Modeling 17th

Learning from Noisy Labels with Coarse-to-Fine Sample Cred...

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17th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2022

作者： Zhang, Boshen Li, Yuxi Tu, Yuanpeng Peng, Jinlong Wang, Yabiao Wu, Cunlin Xiao, Yang Zhao, Cairong YouTu Lab Shenzhen China Tongji University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031250620

Training deep neural network (DNN) with noisy labels is practically challenging since inaccurate labels severely degrade the generalization ability of DNN. Previous efforts tend to handle part or full data in a unified denoising flow via identifying noisy data with a coarse small-loss criterion to mitigate the interference from noisy labels, ignoring the fact that the difficulties of noisy samples are different, thus a rigid and unified data selection pipeline cannot tackle this problem well. In this paper, we first propose a coarse-to-fine robust learning method called CREMA, to handle noisy data in a divide-and-conquer manner. In coarse-level, clean and noisy sets are firstly separated in terms of credibility in a statistical sense. Since it is practically impossible to categorize all noisy samples correctly, we further process them in a fine-grained manner via modeling the credibility of each sample. Specifically, for the clean set, we deliberately design a memory-based modulation scheme to dynamically adjust the contribution of each sample in terms of its historical credibility sequence during training, thus alleviating the effect from noisy samples incorrectly grouped into the clean set. Meanwhile, for samples categorized into the noisy set, a selective label update strategy is proposed to correct noisy labels while mitigating the problem of correction error. Extensive experiments are conducted on benchmarks of different modality, including image classification (CIFAR, Clothing1M etc.) and text recognition (IMDB), with either synthetic or natural semantic noises, demonstrating the superiority and generality of CREMA. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Adversarial attacks and defenses in physiological computing:a systematic review

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National science Open 2023年第1期2卷 62-90页

作者： Dongrui Wu Jiaxin Xu Weili Fang Yi Zhang Liuqing Yang Xiaodong Xu Hanbin Luo Xiang Yu Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou 311121China School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China College of Public Administration Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of MichiganAnn Arbor MI 48109USA School of Management and Sino-European Institute for Intellectual Property Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Physiological computing uses human physiological data as system inputs in real *** includes,or significantly overlaps with,brain-computer interfaces,affective computing,adaptive automation,health informatics,and physiological signal based *** computing increases the communication bandwidth from the user to the computer,but is also subject to various types of adversarial attacks,in which the attacker deliberately manipulates the training and/or test examples to hijack the machine learning algorithm output,leading to possible user confusion,frustration,injury,or even ***,the vulnerability of physiological computing systems has not been paid enough attention to,and there does not exist a comprehensive review on adversarial attacks to *** study fills this gap,by providing a systematic review on the main research areas of physiological computing,different types of adversarial attacks and their applications to physiological computing,and the corresponding defense *** hope this review will attract more research interests on the vulnerability of physiological computing systems,and more importantly,defense strategies to make them more secure.

关键词： physiological computing brain-computer interfaces health informatics biometrics machine learning adversarial attack

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Data-consistent Unsupervised Diffusion Model for Metal Artifact Reduction

Data-consistent Unsupervised Diffusion Model for Metal Artif...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2023

作者： Tong, Zhan Wu, Zhan Yang, Yang Mao, Weilong Wang, Shijie Li, Yinsheng Chen, Yang Southeast University Laboratory of Image Science and Technology Nanjing210096 China Southeast University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration Nanjing210096 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Key Lab. of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications Jiangsu Provincial Joint International Research Laboratory of Medical Information Processing The Laboratory of Image Science and Technology Nanjing210096 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337488

Computed Tomography (CT) is an imaging technique widely used in clinical diagnosis. However, high-attenuation metallic implants result in the obstruction of low-energy Xrays and further lead to metal artifacts in the reconstructed CT images. Deep supervised model-based metal artifact reduction(MAR) approaches are limited in clinical applications due to the difficulty in obtaining paired artifact-affected and artifactfree data. Furthermore, these model-based methods lack the consideration of data consistency in the sinogram-domain to perform exact metal trace inpainting. To address these challenges, we propose a Data-consistent unsupErVised diffusiOn model for meTal artifact rEDuction, called DEVOTED-Net. First, DEVOTED-Net leverages prior knowledge to guide the conditional diffusion model for fine-grained metal trace inpainting. Second, an unsupervised MAR framework is designed in the reverse process for the unknown metal traces restoration in the sinogram domain. Third, to further enhance the sinogram-domain data consistency, physics-based consistency constraint loss including conjugateray consistency loss and accumulation-ray consistency loss is designed. Extensive experiments are carried out to verify the performance of our algorithm on the publicly available dataset and clinical experimental dataset. This efficient, accurate, and reliable MAR approach holds great potential in clinics. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： computed tomography deep unsupervised learning denoising diffusion probabilistic model Metal artifact reduction physics-based consistency constraint

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Global Convergence Guarantees of (A)GIST for a Family of Nonconvex Sparse Learning Problems

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IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 2022年第5期52卷 3276-3288页

作者： Zhang, Hengmin Qian, Feng Shang, Fanhua Du, Wenli Qian, Jianjun Yang, Jian East China University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes of Ministry of Education School of Information Science and Engineering Shanghai200237 China Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Xidian University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence Xi'an710071 China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518066 China Nanjing University of Science and Technology Pca Laboratory Key Lab. of Intelligent Percept. and Syst. for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education Nanjing210094 China Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China

In recent years, most of the studies have shown that the generalized iterated shrinkage thresholdings (GISTs) have become the commonly used first-order optimization algorithms in sparse learning problems. The nonconvex relaxations of the \ell _{0} -norm usually achieve better performance than the convex case (e.g., \ell _{1} -norm) since the former can achieve a nearly unbiased solver. To increase the calculation efficiency, this work further provides an accelerated GIST version, that is, AGIST, through the extrapolation-based acceleration technique, which can contribute to reduce the number of iterations when solving a family of nonconvex sparse learning problems. Besides, we present the algorithmic analysis, including both local and global convergence guarantees, as well as other intermediate results for the GIST and AGIST, denoted as (A)GIST, by virtue of the Kurdyka-Lojasiewica (KL) property and some milder assumptions. Numerical experiments on both synthetic data and real-world databases can demonstrate that the convergence results of objective function accord to the theoretical properties and nonconvex sparse learning methods can achieve superior performance over some convex ones. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Optimization

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Autoencoder-Based Latent Block-Diagonal Representation for Subspace Clustering

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IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 2022年第6期52卷 5408-5418页

作者： Xu, Yesong Chen, Shuo Li, Jun Han, Zongyan Yang, Jian Nanjing University of Science and Technology PCA Laboratory Key Lab. of Intelligent Percept. and Syst. for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education Nanjing210094 China Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project Tokyo103-0027 Japan Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China

Block-diagonal representation (BDR) is an effective subspace clustering method. The existing BDR methods usually obtain a self-expression coefficient matrix from the original features by a shallow linear model. However, the underlying structure of real-world data is often nonlinear, thus those methods cannot faithfully reflect the intrinsic relationship among samples. To address this problem, we propose a novel latent BDR (LBDR) model to perform the subspace clustering on a nonlinear structure, which jointly learns an autoencoder and a BDR matrix. The autoencoder, which consists of a nonlinear encoder and a linear decoder, plays an important role to learn features from the nonlinear samples. Meanwhile, the learned features are used as a new dictionary for a linear model with block-diagonal regularization, which can ensure good performances for spectral clustering. Moreover, we theoretically prove that the learned features are located in the linear space, thus ensuring the effectiveness of the linear model using self-expression. Extensive experiments on various real-world datasets verify the superiority of our LBDR over the state-of-the-art subspace clustering approaches. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Decoding

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