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International Conference on Properties and Applications of Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials

作者： Qiong Nie Yuanxiang Zhou Zhengzheng Chen Haihang Chen State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Dept of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Dept of Electrical Engineering Zhengzhou University 450001 China

As an advanced internal insulating material, silicone rubber has been widely used in extra high voltage prefabricated cable accessories. However, few studies were focused on the influence of frequency on the electrical tree characteristics and the damage mechanism of such insulation is still unknown. In this paper, the characteristics of electrical tree in silicone rubber under AC voltage of different frequency ranging from 50 Hz to 130 kHz were studied. The tree initiation voltage was measured at room-temperature and the processes of electrical tree were observed via a digital micro-observing system. From the experiments, it was found that the electrical tree in silicone rubber is greatly affected by the frequency of applied voltage. With the increase of frequency, tree initiation voltage of silicone rubber decreases. And the frequency can be separated into four stages, while tree initiation voltage appears different magnitude of decrease. There are 3 kinds of electrical tree during the experiments: branch tree, trunk tree and pine tree. The branch tree and pine tree are the primary shapes in the range of low frequency, while the bush tree is the primary shape in the range of HF. The dielectric spectroscopy of silicone rubber was also measured. At last, the influence of frequency on electrical tree in silicone rubber was analyzed. The repeated electro-mechanical stresses applied to the needle tip under high frequency may lead to the decrease of tree initiation voltage of silicone rubber. And with the increase of frequency, the serious erosion in silicone rubber by electrical tree may be caused by the great increase of dielectric losses.

关键词： Frequency Rubber Trees - insulation Shape measurement Dielectric losses Cable insulation Dielectrics and electrical insulation Voltage measurement Electric variables measurement Hafnium

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Novel Connection Scheme of Backup power Supply Adaptive to Distribution Line Non-Communication Protection and New Criterion for High Voltage and Large Capacity Induction Motor

Novel Connection Scheme of Backup Power Supply Adaptive to D...

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IEEE PES Asia-Pacific power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC)

作者： Kun Liu Xinzhou Dong Zhiqian Bo State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipments Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China AREVA T&D Automation슠and Information Systems Stafford UK

This paper presents a new practical backup power supply connection scheme for distribution line non-communication protection (DNCP). simulation tests have been conducted using the alternate transient program (ATP) with respect to a typical single circuit breaker multi-section system. The results prove that the new scheme is able to not only recover the power supply of loads on healthy lines automatically, but also create disturbances in favor of accelerated over current (AOC) criterion. Aiming at the failure of directional under voltage (DUV) criterion derived from high voltage and large capacity induction motor load, a novel criterion using the increment of reactive power is proposed.

关键词： Emergency power supplies Voltage Induction motors power system protection Circuit testing Circuit simulation System testing power system transients Circuit breakers power supplies

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Transient stability assessment based on 2D combined attribute decision tree

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Zhongguo Dianji Gongcheng Xuebao/Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering 2009年第SUPPL. 1期29卷 17-24页

作者： Wang, Kang Sun, Hong-Bin Zhang, Bo-Ming Wu, Wen-Chuan Jiang, Wei-Yong State Key Lab. of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Dept. of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Haidian District Beijing 100084 China

A method for the power system transient stability assessment based on 2D combined attribute decision tree was proposed. Different from single attribute decision trees, the 2D trees combine two attributes as one automatically to improve its classifying ability in case of multi-dimension and nonlinear border among classes. In the proposed 2D tree, Gini coefficient based 2D combined splitting criterions was adopted and search method for splitting line in an inverse direction was developed. Case study was carried out in one-machine infinite bus system, IEEE 39-bus system and a real provincial system. Results show that, 2D combined attribute decision trees generated by the proposed method are smaller in structure, have the higher accuracy and generalization ability than that generated by the single attribute decision trees. Meanwhile, some important relationship between physical variables in power systems can be mined by the proposed method. Advantages mentioned above make that the proposed method is potential for real-life power system applications. © 2009 Chin. Soc. for Elec. Eng.

关键词： Decision trees

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Lightning protection study of transmission line, Part II: Analysis methods

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Gaodianya Jishu/High Voltage Engineering 2009年第12期35卷 2910-2916页

作者： Zeng, Rong He, Jin-Liang Chen, Shui-Ming State Key Lab. of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Design is the key of lightning protection of transmission lines, and lightning protection analysis is the base to estimate the lightning protection behaviors of transmission line and the effect of lightning protection measures for transmission line. We mainly discussed the development states and the existed problems in lightning protection analysis of transmission line in the world, presented the analysis methods on the lightning backflash and shielding failure of transmission line and their comprehensive applications, and proposed the suitable models and methods for lightning protection analysis of transmission line. The whole-wave- progress analysis model should be applied to calculate the lightning transient characteristics of transmission line when the lightning strikes the tower or the overhead ground wires of transmission line;different analysis methods, such as electrogeometric method, the leader propagating model and the fractal model, should be used to calculate the shielding failure behaviors of transmission line. The lightning protection analysis of transmission lines should consider the micro-typological characteristics and the area difference of lightning parameters along transmission line, and comprehensively estimate the lightning protection behaviors of transmission line sections.

关键词： Electric lines

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Lightning protection study of transmission line, Part III: Protection measures

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Gaodianya Jishu/High Voltage Engineering 2009年第12期35卷 2917-2923页

作者： He, Jin-Liang Zeng, Rong Chen, Shui-Ming State Key Lab. of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The lightning accidents threaten the safe operation of power system. We comprehensively analyzed the developing states, the existed problems in analysis methods and measures of transmission line lightning protection, and discussed the key issues of transmission line lightning protection in China that should be studied. The lightning protection measures are divided into back-up type and leading-type methods, so-called back-up type method is used in lightning protection of transmission line in China, which complicates lightning protection;but the so-called leading-type method is used in other countries, which simplifies lightning protection. The lightning protection measures for different sections of transmission lines should be comprehensively estimated and proposed by considering the micro-topographical feature and the regional performances of lightning parameters along transmission line. The lightning protection should be fully considered in transmission line design, reducing shielding angle of overhead wire, decreasing grounding resistances of tower footings, and suitably installing line surge arresters are fundamental methods of lightning protection of new transmission line.

关键词： Electric lines

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Lightning protection study of transmission line, Part I: Lightning parameters

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Gaodianya Jishu/High Voltage Engineering 2009年第12期35卷 2903-2909页

作者： Chen, Shui-Ming He, Jin-Liang Zeng, Rong State Key Lab. of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Obtaining actual lightning parameters is the fundament of lightning protection of transmission lines. Based on the comprehensive analysis on the methods to acquire lightning parameters, we analyzed the current research states and existed problems of lightning parameters, including annual lightning day, ground flash density, magnitude and waveform of lightning current. The lightning activities have obvious topographical feature, presently the lightning location system (LLS) should be fully applied to acquire the annual lightning day, ground flash density, magnitude of lightning current in different areas. Moreover, the monitoring devices of lightning current should be installed on typical transmission towers with different voltage grades in different areas to obtain the characteristics of real lightning current waveforms and magnitudes, and calibrate and check the lightning current magnitudes obtained from LLS. All these would make the lightning protection of power system focusing on the actual targets. Four sets of the developed monitoring devices of lightning current were installed, and the first lightning current waveform in China, which was similar to the standard waveform recommended by CIGRE, was recorded.

关键词： Electric lines

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Effect of surface topography and morphology on space charge packets in polyethylene

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2009年第1期183卷

作者： Zhou Yuanxiang Wang Yunshan Wang Ninghua Sun Qinghua State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China China Electric Power Research Institute Haidian District Beijing 100085 China

Polyethylene (PE) is a major kind of internal insulating material. With great progresses of space charge measurement technologies in the last three decades, lots of researches are focused on space charge in PE. The heat pressing and annealing condition of polyethylene affect its morphology obviously. During the heat pressing, the surface of PE forms different surface topographies because of different substrate materials. Surface topography has great relation to the epitaxial crystallization layer and influences the space charge characteristic of PE dramatically. This paper studied the formation process of different surface topographies and their micrographic characters in low density polyethylene (LDPE). pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method was used to measure the space charge distribution of samples with different surface topographies and morphologies in LDPE. The effect of surface topography and morphology to space charge packet were studied. The surface topography has great influence on space charge packet polarity and morphology has influence on both movement speed rate and polarity of space charge packet.

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Analysis of electrical tree ageing in silicone rubber by physicochemical approach

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2009年第1期183卷

作者： Y X Zhou Q Nie Z Z Chen R Liu State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Electrical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China

In this paper, the characteristics of electrical tree ageing in silicone rubber (SIR) under AC voltage were studied. The electrical tree initiation rate is 20% after the application of 6 kV AC voltage for 1000 hours. Samples are separated into three kinds according to processes of electrical tree formation: virgin samples without voltage application, non-treed samples without electrical tree formation after 1000 hours and treed samples with electrical tree formation after 1000 hours. Certain physicochemical diagnostic tests were carried out to understand the degradation of material, ascribed to long-time voltage application, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). Physicochemical analyses, especially the DSC results, show that no additional phases are formed in the processes of electrical tree ageing in SIR. Reduction of the melting point and crystallinity of SIR is observed in the sequence of virgin samples, non-treed samples and treed samples. The activation energy values were calculated from the TG-DTA data. Compared to virgin samples, obvious reduction of activation energy value is observed in non-treed samples. Degradation in SIR has already occurred before electrical tree formation and charge injection and extraction by high field electrode under AC voltage is regarded as the reason.

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Effects of morphology on movement of space charge packet in polyethylene

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Gaodianya Jishu/High Voltage Engineering 2008年第11期34卷 2385-2389页

作者： Zhou, Yuan-Xiang Wang, Yun-Shan Wang, Ning-Hua Sun, Qing-Hua Nie, Qiong Liang, Xi-Dong Guan, Zhi-Cheng State Key Lab. of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Dept of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100085 China

Polyethylene is a major kind of internal insulating material. This paper measured the space charge phenomenon in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method and observed the space charge packet. This research got the LDPE films of different morphology by different annealing rate and discussed the effect of morphology and electrical field stress changing on space charge packet's moving velocity. The research shows that morphology of LDPE affects the velocity of space charge packet remarkably;bigger crystallinity results in lower velocity of space charge packet. The intensity of electrical field has little affection to the velocity. The average mobility of different crystallinity under different electric field was calculated. The relationship between crystallinity and mobility was found. The results further demonstrate there are inherent relationships among higher crystallinity, more space charge accumulation, lower mobility and deeper trap depth. Lower mobility and deeper trap depth have a monotone relationship.

关键词：空间电荷空间电荷包聚乙烯微观形态迁移率 PEA

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Breakdown processes of solid composite insulation system with defects under high frequency

Breakdown processes of solid composite insulation system wit...

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Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, (CEIDP)

作者： Q. Nie Y.X. Zhou X.L. Xing Y.S. Wang State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Dept of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

Behaviors of composite insulation system are strongly affected by the performance of interface between dielectrics, which mostly correlates to the direction of applied electrical field and the frequency of applied voltage. In this paper, experiments were carried out to study the breakdown characteristics of solid composite insulation system, consisted of a polyethylene (PE) film (with a copper needle electrode) and a glass slice. A sine wave power supply with a frequency range from 50 Hz to 100 kHz was established to fit our purposes. Voltage was smoothly raised from 0 kV to 5 kV. The processes of breakdown can be divided into four stages: (1) Electrical tree inception and propagation in polyethylene; (2) Sliding discharge along the interface between polyethylene and glass; (3) Streamer across the glass; (4) Return streamer initiation from the ground electrode and breakdown. A model was established to analyze the mechanism of sliding discharge between solid dielectrics. The influence of frequency on thermo effect is considered as the main causes of the experiment results, which can well explain the reason of insulation premature inactivation in high-frequency electrical equipment.

关键词： Electric breakdown Solids Frequency Dielectrics and electrical insulation Polyethylene Glass Voltage Electrodes Plastic films Copper

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