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Document Image Coding for processing and Retrieval

Journal of VLSI signal processing Systems for signal, Image, and Video technology 1998年第1-2期20卷 121-135页

作者： Kia, Omid E. Doermann, David S. Natl. Inst. of Std. and Technology Math. and Compl. Sciences Division Building 820 Gaithersburg MD 20899 United States Lang. and Media Proc. Laboratory Center for Automation Research University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Catholic University of America Washington DC United States University of Illinois Chicago IL United States University of Maryland College Park MD United States Center for Automation Research Lang. and Media Proc. Laboratory University of Maryland United States Natl. Inst. of Std. and Technology United States Bloomsburg University United States University of Maryland United States Computer Vision Laboratory Lab. for Lang. and Media Processing University of Maryland Inst. for Advanced Computer Studies United States

Document images belong to a unique class of images where the information is embedded in the language represented by a series of symbols on the page rather than in the visual objects themselves. Since these symbols tend to appear repeatedly, a domain-specific image coding strategy can be designed to facilitate enhanced compression and retrieval. In this paper we describe a coding methodology that not only exploits component-level redundancy to reduce code length but also supports efficient data access. The approach identifies and organizes symbol patterns which appear repeatedly. Similar components are represented by a single prototype stored in a library and the location of each component instance is coded along with the residual between it and its prototype. A representation is built which provides a natural information index allowing access to individual components. Compression results are competitive and compressed-domain access is superior to competing methods. Applications to network-related problems have been considered, and show promising results.

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A Region-Based Representation of Images in MARS

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Journal of VLSI signal processing Systems for signal, Image, and Video technology 1998年第1-2期20卷 137-150页

作者： Servetto, Sergio D. Rui, Yong Ramchandran, Kannan Huang, Thomas S. Beckman Inst. Adv. Sci. and Technol. Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 United States Universidad Nacional de La Plata Argentina Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States Comp. Res. Adv. Applications Group IBM Argentina Argentina Image Formation and Processing Group Beckman Institute UIUC United States Department of Computer Science UNLP Argentina Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering UIUC United States Multimedia Commun. Res. Department Bell Laboratories Murray Hill NJ United States Info. Sciences Research Department AT and T Labs. Florham Park NJ United States Department of Computer Science UIUC United States Southeast University China Tsinghua University China University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL United States Image Formation and Processing Group Beckman Inst. Advance Sci. Technol. UIUC United States Vis. Technol. Grp. of Microsoft Res. Redmond WA United States City College of New York United States Columbia University United States AT and T Bell Labs. United States Ctr. for Telecommunications Research Columbia University United States Elec. and Comp. Eng. Department United States Beckman Institute Coordinated Science Laboratory IL United States IEEE Signal Processing Society United States IEEE IMDSP Technical Committee United States IEEE Transactions on Image Proc. United States National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Massachusetts Inst. of Technology Cambridge MA United States Department of Electrical Engineering MIT United States School of Electrical Engineering United States Lab. for Info. and Signal Processing Purdue University United States Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering United States Coordinated Science Laboratory United States Image Formation and Processing Group Beckman Inst. Adv. Sci. and Technol. United States MIT Lincoln Laboratory IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Rheinishes Landes Museum Bonn Germany Swiss Institutes of Technology Zurich Switzerland Swiss Institutes of Technology Lausanne S

We study the problem of representing images within a multimedia Database Management System (DBMS), in order to support fast retrieval operations without compromising storage efficiency. To achieve this goal, we propose new image coding techniques which combine a wavelet representation, embedded coding of the wavelet coefficients, and segmentation of image-domain regions in the wavelet domain. A bitstream is generated in which each image region is encoded independently of other regions, without having to explicitly store information describing the regions. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithms achieve coding performance which compares favorably, both perceptually and objectively, to that achieved using state-of-the-art image/video coding techniques while additionally providing region-based support.

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Animated Talking Head with Personalized 3D Head Model

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Journal of VLSI signal processing Systems for signal, Image, and Video technology 1998年第1-2期20卷 97-105页

作者： Ostermann, Jörn Chen, Lawrence S. Huang, Thomas S. AT and T Labs.-Research Red Bank NJ 07701 100 Schultz Dr. United States Beckman Institute CSL University of Urbana IL 61801 United States University of Hannover Imperical College London United States University of Hannover Germany Inst. F. Theor. Nachrichtentechnik United States Vis. Commun. Research Department Bell Labs. United States Image Proc. and Technology Research AT and T Labs.-Research United States University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL United States University of Illinois United States Beckman Inst. Adv. Sci. and Technol. University of Illinois United States AT and T Labs. United States ATR Media Intgn. and Commun. Labs. Kyoto Japan National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Massachusetts Inst. of Technology Cambridge MA United States Department of Electrical Engineering MIT United States School of Electrical Engineering United States Lab. for Info. and Signal Processing Purdue University United States Coordinated Science Laboratory United States Dept. the Image Form. and Proc. Grp. Beckman Inst. Adv. Sci. and Technol. United States MIT Lincoln Laboratory IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Rheinishes Landes Museum Bonn Germany Swiss Institutes of Technology Zurich Switzerland Swiss Institutes of Technology Lausanne Switzerland University of Hannover Germany INRS-Telecommunications University of Quebec Montreal Que. Canada University of Tokyo Japan

Natural Human-computer Interface requires integration of realistic audio and visual information for perception and display. An example of such an interface is an animated talking head displayed on the computer screen in the form of a human-like computer agent. This system converts text to acoustic speech with synchronized animation of mouth movements. The talking head is based on a generic 3D human head model, but to improve realism, natural looking personalized models are necessary. In this paper, we report a semi-automatic method for adapting a generic head model to 3D range data of a human head obtained from a 3D-laser range scanner. This personalized model is incorporated into the talking head system. With texture mapping, the personalized model offers a more natural and realistic look than the generic model. The model created with the proposed method compares favorable to generic models.

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DVC decompression with denoising for picture quality improvement

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 1997年第3期43卷 911-917页

作者： BenDhaou, I Defee, T Signal Process. Lab. Tampere Univ. of Technol. Finland Signal Processing Laboratory Tampere University of Technology Tampere Finland

Digital Video Cassette (DVC) is a quickly proliferating new standard for real-time digital video recording. DVC is presently used both in consumer and professional applications. In this paper we describe the DVC principles, data organization and video decoding algorithm. Although typically DVC video has very good quality, at low-light levels noise becomes pronounced. We show that noise in the DVC can be reduced by digital postfiltering. For this purpose, wavelet denoising algorithm is suggested due to its unique properties. Wavelet denoising is described in detail and results of noise reduction are illustrated on examples.

关键词： Noise reduction Discrete cosine transforms Image coding Decoding Video recording Transform coding Video compression TV Filtering Noise level

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Modeling arbitrarily long sentence-spanning F0 contours by parametric concatenation of word-spanning patterns 5

Modeling arbitrarily long sentence-spanning F0 contours by p...

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5th European Conference on Speech Communication and technology, EUROSPEECH 1997

作者： Fotinea, Evita F. Vlahakis, Michael A. Carayannis, George V. National Technical University of Athens Electrical and Computer Engineering Dpt Division of Computer Science Digital Signal Processing Lab. 9 Heroon Polytechniou St. Zographou 157 73 Athens Greece Institute for Language and Speech Processing 22 Margari St Athens11525 Greece

Modeling FO contours of arbitrarily long and complex sentences of the Greek language may prove to be a difficult task if one considers the various parameters involved, namely focus, position of the prominent vowel within words, syntactic structure and type of expression. None the less, this complexity may be significantly reduced if the expressive requirements of the application area in mind are taken into account. Study of the expressive requirements of the information broadcasting applications revealed that the affirmative type of expression is heavily used and regardless of size and complexity, each sentence-spanning contour may be composed of only four word-spanning patterns. This result not only leads to significant savings in the resources required for a natural sounding speech output but also indicates a highly structured intonative component. © 1997 5th European Conference on Speech Communication and technology, EUROSPEECH 1997. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech communication

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Perceptual speech coding using time and frequency masking constraints

Perceptual speech coding using time and frequency masking co...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： B. Garnero A. Drygajlo Signal Process. Lab. Swiss Fed. Inst. of Technol. Lausanne Switzerland Signal Processing Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland

This paper presents a new wide-band speech coding system based on a fast wavelet packet transform algorithm as well as a formulation of temporal and spectral psychoacoustic models of masking. The proposed FFT-like overlapped block orthogonal transform allows us to approximate the auditory critical band decomposition in an efficient manner, which is a major advantage over previous approaches that used uniform filter banks. As a result of such a decomposition, the perceptually tuned time-frequency structure of the original speech signal is preserved. This allows us to make use of the temporal and spectral properties of the human auditory system to decrease the average bit rate of the encoder, while perceptually hiding the quantization error.

关键词： Speech coding Wideband Wavelet packets Wavelet transforms Psychoacoustic models Filter bank Time frequency analysis Humans Auditory system Bit rate

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Contour coding technique employing motion information

Contour coding technique employing motion information

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Visual Communications and Image processing '97

作者： Cho, Sung Ho Kim, Rin C. Lee, Sang Uk Signal Processing Lab. School of Electrical Eng. Seoul Nat'l Univ. Shinrim-dong Kwanak-ku Seoul 151-742 Korea Republic of School of Information and Computer Eng. Hansung Univ. Samsun-dong 2-ka Seongbuk-ku Seoul 136-792 Korea Republic of

In this paper, a new contour coding technique using motion information is proposed, for the object-oriented video coding. In the conventional technique using motion information by Gu, the region-based motion compensation is performed, and only the contours neighboring the motion- failure (MF) regions are encoded by the proper intra-frame contour coding technique. However, since even small local motions within a region may incur the MF regions, the temporal correlation of the contours cannot be effectively exploited by the conventional techniques. In our approach, those MF regions are significantly reduced by employing the two-stage motion compensation. While the region-based motion compensation is performed in the first stage, the MF regions proceed to the second stage motion compensation to find the contours in the previous frame which coincide with the contours of the MF regions. In addition, by introducing the notion of the error band, the current contours can be properly fitted to the motion compensated contours using inter-frame relationship of the contours. From the simulation results, it is shown that the proposed technique provides better performance than the conventional technique by Gu. Moreover, by varying the width N of the error band, it is shown that the bit amount for the shape information can be adjusted according to the channel condition.

关键词： Motion compensation

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Binary shape coding using 1-D distance values from baseline

Binary shape coding using 1-D distance values from baseline

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IEEE International Conference on Image processing

作者： Shi Hwa Lee Dae-Sung Cho Yu-Shin Cho Sehoon Son E.S. Jang Jae-Seob Shin Yang Seok Seo Signal Process. Lab. Samsung Adv. Inst. of Technol. Suwon South Korea Signal Processing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Suwon South Korea

Here we describe a baseline-based binary shape coding method in which an arbitrarily shaped object is represented by the traced 1-D data from the baseline and turning point (TP). The shape coding is performed based on contour-based method in each separated shape. There are two coding modes in shape coding, i.e. the intra and inter mode as in texture coding. In inter coding mode, object identification, global shape matching, and local contour matching are used. In intra mode and residue coding, the DPCM values of TP and the 1-D distance values of the shape are encoded by a fixed arithmetic encoder. Simulation results show that the proposed method has a better coding efficiency and subjective quality compared with the block-based method, i.e. context arithmetic encoding (CAE).

关键词： Shape Data mining Arithmetic MPEG 4 Standard computer aided engineering Turning Clocks signal processing Context modeling Encoding

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An interactive DSP tutorial on the Web

An interactive DSP tutorial on the Web

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： M. Rahkila M. Karjalainen Lab. of Acoust. & Audio Signal Process. Helsinki Univ. of Technol. Espoo Finland Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing Helsinki University of Technology Espoo Finland

This paper describes an interactive, self-study DSP tutorial package built for the World Wide Web (WWW, Web). The package includes concept explanation, graphical presentations, listening-ready audio examples and interactive exercises and demonstrations of basic concepts of signal processing. The WWW is a convenient and easy-to-use hypermedia tool. From the point of view of DSP education, the main problem is how to implement interactivity and signal processing. Our solution is to apply CGI (common gateway interface) and Java in tasks that they are best suited for. A common lisp based WWW server CL-HTTP together with the QuickSig environment is used for providing signal processing routines in a CGI-like manner. Java applets are used for taking care of the user interface at the client end.

关键词： Tutorial Digital signal processing signal processing World Wide Web Application software Packaging Digital filters Nonlinear filters lab.ratories Java

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The RASSP Program: Origin, Concepts, and Status: An Introduction to the Issue

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Journal of VLSI signal processing Systems for signal, Image, and Video technology 1997年第1-2期15卷 7-27页

作者： Richards, Mark A. Gadient, Anthony Frank, Geoffrey A. Harr, Randolph Georgia Tech. Research Institute Atlanta GA 30332-0856 United States South Carolina Research Authority Charleston SC 29464 5300 International Blvd. United States Research Triangle Institute Research Triangle Park NC P.O. Box 12194 United States Def. Adv. Research Projects Agency Electronics Technology Office Arlington VA 22203-1714 3701 N. Fairfax Drive United States Georgia Tech. United States Stanford University United States Sensors Electromagnetic Applic. Lab. Georgia Tech. Research Institute United States Signal Processing Branch SEAL's Radar Systems Division United States Georgia Tech's Sch. Elec. Comp. Eng. Georgia State of Georgia United States Atlanta Section IEEE United States University of Virginia United States Wright State University United States Carnegie Mellon University United States United States Air Force (USAF) United States AF Wright Aero. Avionics Laboratory South Carolina Research Authority Advanced Technology Group United States Intl. Electro-Tech. Commn. W. Natl. Electronics Mfg. Inititative Sch. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology United States Inst. of Elec. and Electronics Eng. Association for Computing Machinery Amer. Assoc. for Artif. Intelligence United States University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC United States Research Triangle Institute United States Electronics Technology Office United States Synopsys Corp.'s Logic Modeling Grp. United States Case Western Reserve University United States

The Rapid Prototyping of Application Specific signal Processors (RASSP) program is a multi-year DARPA/Tri-Service initiative intended to dramatically improve the process by which complex digital systems, particularly embedded digital signal processors, are designed, manufactured, upgraded, and supported. This paper reviews the genesis of the RASSP program, considering both the problems that defined the need for the program, and the historical conditions under which it began. The RASSP program is then presented from two viewpoints. The first is programmatic, covering the goals and constraints of the program, and describing the roles of the various program participants. The second is technical, covering the major concepts upon which the developing RASSP approach to design is based and showing how the detailed technical discussions contained in the other papers in this issue of the Journal of VLSI signal processing relate to one another and fit into an overall development concept. The paper closes with a review of the status of the program as of this writing (Summer 1996).

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