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International Conference on 3D Imaging, Modeling, Processing, Visualization and Transmission (3DIMPVT)

作者： F. Loranger D. Laurendeau R. Houde Computer Vision and Systems Laboratory (CVSL) Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Laval University QUE Canada Robotics Division Hydro-Quebec Research Institute (IREQ) Varennes Canada

In many industrial applications such as autonomous vehicle guidance and robotic manipulations, reliable 3-D informations must be extracted from the scene in order to provide a robust description of the environment in which the system evolves. This paper presents the TRID sensor, a simple, fast, robust and accurate 3-D sensing device based on the Biris technology. TRID is limited to a lateral resolution of one point. Experimental results show that an accuracy better than 0.15% can be obtained for the depth component (Z) of 3-D points at a distance of 1.3 meter from a wooden black painted beam surface with an acquisition rate of 8.5 points/s.

关键词： Robot vision systems Robustness computer vision Application software Robot kinematics Layout Cameras computer industry Costs Geometrical optics

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Determining the skeletal description of sparse shapes

Determining the skeletal description of sparse shapes

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IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in robotics and automation (CIRA)

作者： R. Singh V. Cherkassky N.P. Papanikolopoulos Artificial Intelligence Robotics and Vision Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA

A variety of techniques in machine vision involve representation of objects by using their shape skeleton. In this paper we present a method to obtain the skeletal shape of binary images in the presence of both boundary noise and noise occurring inside object regions. We propose to obtain the skeletal shape of such images by a modified version of the Kohonen self-organizing map, implemented in a batch processing mode. The modifications allow the map to adapt to the input shape distribution. At each iteration, a competitive Hebbian rule is used to progressively compute the Delaunay triangulation of the shape. Information from the triangulation augments the map topology to yield the final skeletal shape. The batch mode implementation of the self-organizing process, allows our approach to compare very favourably, in terms of computational time, with the traditional flowthrough implementations. Encouraging experimental performance has been obtained on a variety of shapes under varying signal to noise ratios.

关键词： Shape Noise shaping Skeleton Intelligent robots Machine vision computer vision Noise level Noise figure Machine intelligence Robot vision systems

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Neural networks based sensorial signal fusion: an application to material identification

Neural networks based sensorial signal fusion: an applicatio...

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International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

作者： S.G. Tzaiestas Y. Anthopoulos Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens Greece Intelligent Robotics and Automation Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National and Technical University of Athens Athens Greece

Data acquisition and learning capabilities are necessary for an intelligent system operating in unstructured, dynamically changing environments. For this purpose, a method for the effective use of multiple sensors must be developed. This paper shows how multisensor fusion can be accomplished by neural networks. It first summarizes the conventional fusion techniques and consequently describes the use of neural networks for sensor fusion as well as their advantages. Finally, an application is presented where a neural network is used to fuse the signals of several sensors, of different type, for material identification purposes.

关键词： Neural networks Signal processing Sensor fusion Intelligent sensors Sensor phenomena and characterization Sensor systems Intelligent systems Intelligent robots Costs Recursive estimation

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Robust telemanipulator control using a partitioned neural network architecture

Robust telemanipulator control using a partitioned neural ne...

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International Conference on Neural Networks

作者： S.G. Tzafestas P.A. Prokopiou C.S. Tzafestas Intelligent Robotics and Automation Laboratory Department of Computer Engineering National and Technical University of Athens Athens Greece Laboratoire de Robotique de Paris CNRS UPMC UVSQ Velizy France

In this paper the control problem of telemanipulators is considered under the condition that they are subject to modeling and other uncertainties of considerable levels. The design is based on the S. Lee and H.S. Lee teleoperator control scheme (1993, 1994), which is modified so as to be able to compensate the uncertainties, and is implemented using a partitioned multilayer perceptron neural network. Several subnetworks are used each one identifying a term of the manipulator's dynamic model. A new learning algorithm is proposed which distributes the learning error to each subnetwork and enables online training. Several simulation results are provided, which show the robustness ability by the partitioned neurocontroller, and compare it with the results obtained through sliding mode control.

关键词： Robust control Neural networks Uncertainty Teleoperators Multilayer perceptrons Multi-layer neural network Manipulator dynamics Partitioning algorithms Neurocontrollers Sliding mode control

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Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman optimal design of functional link neural network controller for robot manipulators

Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman optimal design of functional link ne...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Y.H. Kim F.L. Lewis D.M. Dawson Automation and Robotics-Research Institute University of Texas Arlington South Fort Worth TX USA Center for Advanced Manufacturing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA

The paper is concerned with the application of quadratic optimization for motion control to feedback control of robotic systems using neural networks. Explicit solutions to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation for optimal control of robotic systems are found by solving an algebraic Riccati equation. It is shown how neural networks can cope with nonlinearities through optimization with no preliminary off-line learning phase required. The adaptive learning algorithm is derived from Lyapunov stability analysis, so that both system tracking stability and error convergence can be guaranteed in the closed-loop system. The filtered tracking error or critic gain and the Lyapunov function for the nonlinear analysis are derived from the user input in terms of a specified quadratic performance index. Simulation results on a two-link robot manipulator show the satisfactory performance of the proposed control schemes even in the presence of large modeling uncertainties and external disturbances.

关键词： Robots Riccati equations Neural networks Nonlinear equations Lyapunov method Performance analysis Motion control Feedback control Optimal control Algorithm design and analysis

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Analysis of deadlocks and circular waits using a matrix model for discrete event systems

Analysis of deadlocks and circular waits using a matrix mode...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： F.L. Lewis S. Bogdan A. Gurel O. Pastravanu Automation and Robotics Research Institute University of Texas Arlington Worth TX USA Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia Department Automatic Control and Ind. Inf Polytechnic Institute Iasi Romania

A new matrix rule-based model of discrete-part discrete event systems is given that, together with the well-known Petri net marking transition equation, yields a complete matrix-based dynamical description of these systems. In this application to deadlock analysis, the exact relations between circular blockings and deadlocks are given for a large class of reentrant flow lines. Explicit matrix equations are given for online dynamic deadlock analysis in terms of circular blockings, and certain 'critical siphons' and 'critical subsystems'. This allows efficient dispatching with deadlock avoidance using a generalized kanban scheme. For the class of flow lines considered, the existence of matrix formulae shows that deadlock analysis is not NP-complete, but of polynomial complexity.

关键词： System recovery Discrete event systems Equations Dispatching robotics and automation Petri nets Manufacturing Bills of materials Assembly Lifting equipment

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Feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems: a path space iteration approach

Feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems: a path space it...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： F. Lizarralde J.T. Wen L. Hsu Department of ElectronicEngineering Engineering School Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Center of Advanced Technology in Automation Robotics and Manufacturing Department of Electrical Computer and SystemsEngineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (COPPE-EE) Rio de Janeiro Brazil

We consider the feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems. The design methodology is based on a class of iterative methods, which has previously been proposed for the path planning and feedback stabilization of nonholonomic systems. We show that this scheme guarantees the closed loop asymptotic stability for a class of nonlinear systems.

关键词： Feedback Nonlinear systems Optimal control Iterative methods Nonlinear control systems Control systems Current control Linear systems Design methodology Path planning

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A register pressure sensitive instruction scheduler for dynamic issue processors

A register pressure sensitive instruction scheduler for dyna...

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International Conference on Parallel Architecture and Compilation Techniques (PACT)

作者： R. Silvera Jian Wang G.R. Gao R. Govindarajan IBM Toronto Laboratory North York ONT Canada Nortel Montreal Laboratory Nuns Island QUE Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE USA Supercomputer Edn. & Research Center Department of Computer Science & Automation Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

Several modern superscalar processors contain an out-of-order (OOO) instruction issue mechanism, which resolves dependencies between instructions to expose greater instruction-level parallelism (ILP). How to extend a traditional instruction scheduler to take advantage of these hardware resources has presented both a challenge and an opportunity for compiler design. In this paper, we present a new approach for instruction scheduling, which reorders the instructions in a traditional instruction schedule to reduce its register pressure while maintaining the amount of ILP exploitable by the target OOO processor. This may prevent the introduction of spill code, thus producing a performance improvement. We have implemented our instruction scheduler under the MOST scheduling testbed. Our experiments show that the proposed approach reduces the register pressure by 12.81% in SPEC92 benchmark loops which do not require any spill code. For loops with a high register pressure, our approach reduced the amount of spill code required by an average of 32.08% and produced an average performance improvement of 8.79%.

关键词： Processor scheduling Registers Marine vehicles Testing Scheduling algorithm Degradation Assembly Dynamic scheduling Hazards

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The HIMAC Project: Hierarchical Management and Control in Manufacturing Systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1997年第1期30卷 309-314页

作者： E. Canuto M. Christodoulou c. Chu F. Donati V. Gaganis B. janusz J.M. Proth W. Reithofer M. Vallauri Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica. Politecnico di Torino. Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 1-10129 Torino. Italy Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering. Laboratory of Automation Technical University of Crete. GR-73100 Chania (Crete). Greece INRIA Lorraine Technopôle Metz 2000. Rue Marconi 4. F-57070 Metz. France Institute for Real-time Computer Systems and Robotics. University of Karlsruhe Kaiserstrasse 12 D-76128 Karlsruhe. Germany

The paper presents the major features of the ESPRIT Basic Research HIMAC, proposed to the EC after a thorough investigation of the state of the art of manufacturing systems control. HIMAC has followed a new approach, by developing a specific mathematIcs, the Manufactunng Algebra (MA), for modelling and controlling the production processes of discrete manufacturing systems. As a key feature, the MA models can be bottom-up aggregated starting from the very detailed levels used in simulation, thus making poSSIble a coherent model hierarchy at the base of the design and realization of Hierarchical control strategies and architectures. The formulation of the original mathematical approach and its validation criteria are outlined in the paper. For a deeper understanding, the mterested reader can take advantage of the list of references given at the end.

关键词： Manufacturing systems Production control Hierarchical control

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High-speed extraction of 3D structure of selectable quality using a translating camera

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computer VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING 1996年第1期64卷 97-110页

作者： Dalmia, AK Trivedi, M Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996-2100

In this paper we present a computational approach for extracting three-dimensional structure of controllable resolution, depth of field, and accuracy, all made available at real-time speeds, This approach utilizes the spatial and the temporal gradients of the streams of images acquired using an actively controlled camera, Depending on the requirements of a particular task, appropriate parameters such as disparity value sought, interframe camera displacement, and number of frames in a stream are chosen to control the resolution, depth of field, and accuracy, The acquisition and processing of the image stream are done in real time on a pipeline architecture based processor. Extensive experiments are presented to demonstrate the system's accuracy, controllability of depth of field and resolution, and ability to perform successfully in a variety of scenes. The system operated with no latency between image acquisition and processing. The total acquisition and processing time in these experiments is in the range from 0.27 to 1.56 s. The depth results have an accuracy of 85% to 92%. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： computer vision

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