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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： D. Hristu J. Babb H. Singh S. Gottschlich NYS Center for Advanced Technology in Automation and Robotics and Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

In this paper we will discuss the control of a five-fingered, 18 degree of freedom, tendon driven robot hand known as the Atlas Anthrobot. Developing a traditional PID controller for this hand has proved difficult because the behavior of the tendon drive system produces is highly nonlinear. This nonlinear nature of the system however does suggest it as a candidate for fuzzy control. Along these lines we have developed a PID control system and a fuzzy control system for the hand which are both capable of simultaneously controlling the position of the fingertips and the amount of force exerted through a contact point on the fingertip. In this paper we will present a comparison between the two systems in order to generally make statements about the appropriateness of each controller for controlling complicated tendon driven devices such as our robot hand.< >

关键词： Force control Fuzzy logic Three-term control Control systems Robots Fingers Tendons Fuzzy control robotics and automation Automatic control

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Motion and depth perception using spatiotemporal frequency analysis

Motion and depth perception using spatiotemporal frequency a...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： G. Ravichandran M.M. Trivedi Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Computer Vision and Robrics Research Laboratory Computer Vision and Robotics Laboratary University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA

Motion information is extracted by identifying the temporal signature associated with the textured objects in the scene. In this paper, we present a new computational framework for motion perception. Our methodology considers spatiotemporal frequency (STF) domain analysis to extract the optical flow information. First, we show that a sequence of image frames can be used to extract the motion parameters for the different regions in a dynamic scene using the basic Fourier transform properties in the STF analysis approach. When the observer (or the camera) moves, motion is induced in the scene, and the extracted motion information can then be used to estimate the depth parameters. A detailed analytical description of this model to interchangably extract motion and depth parameters and results to highlight their salient properties are presented.< >

关键词： Motion analysis Spatiotemporal phenomena Data mining Layout Image motion analysis Frequency domain analysis Information analysis Fourier transforms Image analysis Image sequence analysis

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Embedded fuzzy logic-based wall-following behavior for mobile robot navigation

Embedded fuzzy logic-based wall-following behavior for mobil...

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Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society - NAFIPS

作者： E. Tunstel M. Jamshidi CAD Laboratory for Robotics and Intelligent Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA

The synthesis of a fuzzy logic controller that provides a small mobile robot with the capability to exhibit a wall-following behavior is described. A general account of the procedure is given with emphasis placed on t... 详细信息

关键词： Fuzzy logic Mobile robots Navigation Fuzzy control Intelligent robots Embedded system Robot sensing systems Control systems Assembly Fuzzy systems

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Control of robotic manipulator using fuzzy logic

Control of robotic manipulator using fuzzy logic

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IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)

作者： K.K. Kumbla M. Jamshidi CAD Laboratory for Intelligent and Robotics Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA

This paper describes the implementation of hierarchical control on a robotic manipulator using fuzzy logic. A decentralized control approach is implemented, i.e., individual controllers control the two links of the robot. The kinematic aspect of the control is treated as the supervisory mode at a higher level and the joint control is treated as the lower level. Fuzzy logic based rules determine the inverse kinematic mapping which maps the Cartesian coordinates to the individual joint angles. This scheme is implemented using Togai Infra Logic software and the entire simulation software is implemented using C language. The results of the simulation are discussed. This experiment is a proof of principle to show that the fuzzy controller can be used to map the nonlinear mapping which can be implemented to the more complex problem of inverse kinematics of higher degree of freedom robots. A fuzzy PD controller is implemented on a Rhino robot and the performance is compared with a traditional PD controller.< >

关键词： Robot control Fuzzy logic Fuzzy control Manipulator dynamics Robot kinematics PD control Intelligent robots Nonlinear equations Control systems Distributed control

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A tactile sensing system for dexterous manipulation

A tactile sensing system for dexterous manipulation

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： B.L. Gery S.N. Gottschlich New York State Center for Advanced Technology in Automation and Robotics and Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

One factor that limits the range of tasks that robots can perform robustly is the scarcity of useful sensors available to provide feedback to the robot control system. While much progress has been made with vision sensors and force/torque sensors, tactile sensing systems have fallen behind, and so general-purpose tactile sensing systems are not commercially available. The aim of this work is therefore to produce a tactile sensing system that could be manufactured inexpensively, could be used on a wide variety of robotic systems, and would provide the kind of output typically required in dexterous manipulation applications. Such a tactile sensing system will be presented in this paper. The tactile transducers used in this system are based on semiconductive ink technology that allows transducers of any size, shape, and resistance range to be produced merely by altering the ink printing process and substrate geometry. Each sensor outputs three pieces of information that are useful in robotic manipulation-two parameters indicating the location of a contact point on the transducer and one parameter specifying the amount of force being exerted at the contact point. So that the sensing system could support transducers of different shapes and sizes, the analog interface circuitry of this system has been designed to be fully programmable, and also includes circuitry to enable self-calibration with appropriate software.< >

关键词： Transducers Robot sensing systems Sensor systems Tactile sensors Force sensors Ink Shape Circuits Robust control Feedback

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Nonholonomic path planning with inequality constraints

Nonholonomic path planning with inequality constraints

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and automation (ICRA)

作者： A.W. Divelbiss J. Wen New York State Center for Advanced Technology in Robotics and Automation and Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

This paper presents an algorithm for finding a kinematically feasible path which satisfies a given set of nonholonomic constraints while enforcing both equality and inequality constraints on the configuration vector. The path planning problem is transformed from a finite time nonlinear control problem into a static root finding problem which is iteratively solved. By using an exterior penalty function method, the constrained root finding problem is converted to an unconstrained problem. Convergence of the algorithm depends upon a certain gradient operator being full rank. It has recently been shown that, in the absence of any configuration inequality constraints, the full rank condition is generic. In this paper, we show the full rank condition for a special inequality constraint case. An experiment in which the algorithm is applied to an actual double tractor-trailer vehicle is presented.< >

关键词： Path planning Control systems Controllability Motion control Velocity control Nonlinear control systems robotics and automation Systems engineering and theory Iterative algorithms Convergence

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Model-based multisensor data fusion: a minimal representation approach

Model-based multisensor data fusion: a minimal representatio...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and automation (ICRA)

作者： R. Joshi A.C. Sanderson New York State Center for Advanced Technology in Automation and Robotics Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

A general approach to model-based multisensor data fusion using a minimal representation size criterion is described. Each sensor is modeled by a general constraint equation which defines a data constraint manifold (DCM), and observed sensor data populate the measurement space according to these constraints. The choice of multisensor interpretations is based on a minimal representation size criterion which evaluates the complexity through correspondence and encoded errors weighted by relative sensor accuracy and precision. This general framework automatically selects subsets of data features called constraining data feature sets (CDFS) and chooses the CDFS corresponding to a minimal representation interpretation of the observed data. The resulting procedure fuses heterogeneous sensor readings into a single estimation method. The method is illustrated for a visual and tactile data fusion example. The approach generalizes to problems with non-geometric models, and can be used for multisensor system identification in other domains such as process control.< >

关键词： robotics and automation Sensor fusion Robot sensing systems Sensor systems Probability distribution Data engineering Systems engineering and theory Equations Manifolds Fuses

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Variably-autonomous manipulation

Variably-autonomous manipulation

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and automation (ICRA)

作者： L. Singh A. Silverthorne S. Gottschlich H. Stephanou New York State Center for Advanced Technology in Robotics and Automation Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

There are numerous applications in which robots are needed to assist rather than replace human operators. These applications typically involve either work in a dangerous environment or performing tasks that are physically impossible for humans to accomplish by themselves. Robots used in this mode do not need to be autonomous because they can essentially be controlled by the operator. Nonetheless, it is difficult for an operator to flawlessly control a robot with a large number of degrees of freedom. Therefore, an intelligent control system is needed to correct and improve the operator's input to the robot. In this paper the authors discuss a central component in this control system known as the variably-autonomous trajectory generator (VATG). The VATG combines input from the operator with input from one or more autonomous control modules (CM) to generate the robot trajectory. The amount of impact the autonomous CMs will have on the overall trajectory will depend on a number of factors such as the task being performed and the sensing modalities available, hence the authors refer to this type of control as being variably-autonomous.< >

关键词： Robot sensing systems robotics and automation Humans Control systems Application software Wrist Tactile sensors Force sensors Grasping Systems engineering and theory

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An optimal sonar array for target localization and classification

An optimal sonar array for target localization and classific...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and automation (ICRA)

作者： L. Kleeman R. Kuc Intelligent Robotics Research Centre Department of Electrical & Computer Systems Eng Monash University Australia Intelligent Sensors Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Yale University USA

A novel sonar array for mobile robots is presented with applications to localization and mapping of indoor environments. The ultrasonic sensor localizes and classifies multiple targets in two dimensions to ranges of up to 8 meters. By accounting for effects of temperature and humidity, the system is accurate to within 1 mm and 6.1 degrees in still air. Targets separated by 10 mm can be discriminated. Targets are classified into planes, corners, edges and unknown, with the minimum of two transmitters and two receivers. A novel approach is that receivers are closely spaced to minimize the correspondence problem of associating echoes from multiple targets. A set of templates is generated for echoes to allow the optimal arrival time to be estimated, and overlapping echoes and disturbances to be rejected.< >

关键词： Intelligent sensors Pulse measurements Transmitters Leg Sonar measurements Sensor arrays Intelligent robots Robot localization Rough surfaces Surface roughness

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Magnetic Bearing Control Systems and Adaptive Forced Balancing

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IEEE Control Systems 1994年第2期14卷 4-13页

作者： Shafai, B. Beale, S. LaRocca, P. Cusson, E. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA 02115 United States Brooks Automation Lowell MA 01851 United States Circuit Design and Applied Control Division MS 29 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 555 Technology Square United States

Active magnetic bearing (AMB) actuators support rotors without friction but require feedback control for stabilization and performance. We address the application of modern control techniques such as LQG/LTR, H/spl infin/, and QFT to AMB systems. We also introduce a novel method called adaptive forced balancing (AFB) which solves the problem of synchronous vibration caused by mass unbalance. Simulation and experimental results are included to show the performance of AFB as applied to single-end AMB suspensions (SISO systems). Finally, AFB with frequency tracking and its generalization for double-end AMB suspensions (MIMO systems) are briefly explored. © 1994 IEEE

关键词： Magnetic levitation Force control Control systems Adaptive systems Programmable control Adaptive control Suspensions Actuators Friction Feedback control

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