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image segmentation using human visual system properties with applications in image compression

Image segmentation using human visual system properties with...

引用

Human vision, Visual processing, and Digital Display 1989

作者： Peterson, Heidi A. Rajala, Sarah A. Delp, Edward J. Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States

Many image compression techniques involve segmentation of a gray level image. With such techniques, information is extracted that describes the regions in the segmented image, and this information is then used to form a coded version of the image. In this paper we present a region-growing-based segmentation technique that incorporates human visual system properties, and describe the use of this technique in image compression. We also discuss the effect of requantizing a segmented image. Requantization of a segmented image is useful because it can lead to a reduction in the number of bits required to code the description of the regions in the segmented image. This results in a lower data rate. We show that the number of gray levels in a segmented image can be reduced by a factor of at least twelve, without noticeable degradation in the quality of the segmented image. This result is attributable to human visual system properties having to do with contrast sensitivity, and to the fact that requantization of a segmented image does not usually reduce significantly the number of distinct segments in the image. In addition, in this paper we explore the relationship between the number of segments in an image, and the extent of requantization possible before noticeable degradation occurs in the image. Finally, we discuss the impact of the above results on image compression algorithms, and present some experimental results. © 1989 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： image compression

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A generalization of morphological filters using multiple structuring elements

A generalization of morphological filters using multiple str...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： J. Song E.J. Delp Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

A new class of morphological filters is proposed for smoothing an image contaminated with noise. A multiple model that includes the combination of linear and nonlinear operations is used in the design of the new filter. The performance of the averaging version of this new filter is similar to that of the alpha-trimmed mean filter. The structure-preserving properties of this new filter depend on the values assigned to the coefficients in the filter. The idempotent property is obtained when a closing-min and opening-max version of the filter is used. The root structure of the output signal is also investigated.< >

关键词： Nonlinear filters Finite impulse response filter Filtering algorithms Gaussian noise Information filtering Information filters computer vision image processing Laboratories image edge detection

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Invariant reconstruction of visual surfaces

Invariant reconstruction of visual surfaces

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Workshop on Interpretation of 3D Scenes

作者： R.L. Stevenson E.J. Delp Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

This study addresses a problem that arises in the early stages of visual processing. Low-level vision processing tasks generate information describing distances and orientations at sparse locations of visible surfaces in a scene. The information from these various low-level tasks need to be combined to form an estimate of the visual surface for all points in the scene. This step is commonly referred to as the surface reconstruction problem. The problem is cast as an ill-posed inverse problem, which must be stabilized using a priori information relative to image and constraint formation. A desirable property of any reconstruction algorithm is invariance with respect to rigid transformations of the surface in three-dimensional space. Two surface reconstruction algorithms that are based on invariant surface characteristics are proposed. These algorithms are studied in detail, and an example is presented to demonstrate their effectiveness. The discrete realization of the algorithms is also briefly discussed.< >

关键词： Surface reconstruction image reconstruction Layout Reconstruction algorithms Face detection computer vision image processing Laboratories Inverse problems Object recognition

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The generalized morphological filter

The generalized morphological filter

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Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & computers

作者： Jisheng Song E.J. Delp Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

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A cost minimization approach to edge detection using simulated annealing

A cost minimization approach to edge detection using simulat...

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Conference on computer vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： H.L. Tan S.B. Gelfand E.J. Delp Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

Edge detection is analyzed as a problem in cost minimization. A cost function is formulated that evaluates the quality of edge configurations. A mathematical description of edges is given, and the cost function is analyzed in terms of the characteristics of the edges in minimum-cost configurations. The cost function is minimized by the simulated annealing method. A novel set of strategies for generating candidate states and a suitable temperature schedule are presented. Sequential and parallel versions of the annealing algorithm are implemented and compared. Experimental results are presented.< >

关键词： image edge detection Simulated annealing Cost function Pixel IEL Tin image segmentation

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An iterative growing and pruning algorithm for classification tree design

An iterative growing and pruning algorithm for classificatio...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： S.B. Gelfand C.S. Ravishankar E.J. Delp Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

An efficient iterative method is proposed to grow and prune classification trees. This method divides the data sample into two subsets and iteratively grows a tree with one subset and prunes it with the other subset, successively interchanging the roles of the two subsets. The convergence and other properties of the algorithm are established. Theoretical and practical considerations suggest that the iterative tree growing and pruning algorithm should perform better and require less computation than other widely used tree growing and pruning algorithms. Numerical results on a waveform recognition problem are presented to support this view.< >

关键词： Classification algorithms Iterative algorithms Classification tree analysis Algorithm design and analysis Testing computer vision image processing Laboratories Back Convergence

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Morphological based target enhancement algorithms

Morphological based target enhancement algorithms

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Multidimensional Signal processing Workshop

作者： C.H.G. Wright E.J. Delp N.C. Gallagher USAF Space Division CA USA Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

Summary form only given, as follows. A necessary requirement of a strategic defense system is the detection of incoming nuclear warheads in an environment that may include nuclear detonations of undetected or missed target warheads. A computer model that simulates incoming warheads as distant endoatmospheric targets is described. A model of the expected electromagnetic noise present in a nuclear war environment is developed using estimates of the probability distributions. Predicted atmospheric effects are also included. Nonlinear morphological image enhancement algorithms are presented, and their ability to suppress the noise and atmospheric effects of the nuclear environment is discussed. Particular attention is given to the design of structure elements to mitigate the noise effects. These algorithms are then tested, using the combined target and noise models, and evaluated in terms of noise removal and the ability to resolve closely spaced targets.

关键词： Working environment noise Atmospheric modeling Nuclear weapons Military computing Computational modeling computer simulation Electromagnetic modeling Electromagnetic interference Probability distribution image enhancement

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Partial shape recognition: a landmark-based approach

Partial shape recognition: a landmark-based approach

引用

IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： N. Ansari E.J. Delp Center for Communications and Signal Processing Electrical and Computer Engineering Department New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University IN USA

A technique to guide landmark matching known as hopping dynamic programming is described. The location of the model in the scene is estimated with a least-squares fit. A heuristic measure is then computed to decide if the model is in the scene. The shape features of an object are the landmarks associated with the object. The landmarks of an object are defined as the points of interest of the object that have important shape attributes. Examples of landmarks are corners, holes, protrusions, and high-curvature points.< >

关键词： Shape measurement Layout computer vision Pattern recognition Signal processing image processing Laboratories Performance evaluation Least squares approximation Feature extraction

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Morphological based target enhancement algorithms to counter the hostile nuclear environment

Morphological based target enhancement algorithms to counter...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： C.H.G. Wright E.J. Delp N.C. Gallagher HQ Space Systems Division Los Angeles Air Force Base Los Angeles CA USA Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

It is noted that a necessary requirement of a strategic defense system is the detection of incoming nuclear warheads in an environment that may include nuclear detonations of undetected or missed target warheads. A computer model is described which simulates incoming warheads as distant endoatmospheric targets. A model of the expected electromagnetic noise present in the nuclear environment is developed; predicted atmospheric effects are included. Various morphological-based image-enhancement algorithms are examined with regard to their ability to suppress the noise and atmospheric effects of the nuclear environment. These algorithms are then tested, using the combined target and noise models, and evaluated in terms of noise removal and the ability to resolve closely spaced targets.< >

关键词： Counting circuits Atmospheric modeling Working environment noise Nuclear weapons Computational modeling computer simulation Predictive models Electromagnetic modeling Electromagnetic interference Testing

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Automatic interpretation of echocardiograms-a computer vision approach

Automatic interpretation of echocardiograms-a computer visio...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： C.H. Chu E.J. Delp Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

Cardiac function is often evaluated quantitatively using two-dimensional echocardiography to analyze shape attributes, such as the heart wall thickness or the shape change of the heart wall boundaries. A review of previous work in detecting the heart wall boundaries is presented, along with how this problem can be viewed from a computer vision perspective. The principles of echo image sequence analysis and high-level analysis are described. It is suggested that one promising approach is to use multiple-resolution processing by using a large window smoothed image for the initial detection of major edge segments, followed by smaller and smaller windows until a complete boundary is found.< >

关键词： computer vision Heart image edge detection image processing Echocardiography image segmentation Event detection image analysis Shape Data mining

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