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Target Defense with Multiple Defenders and an Agile Attacker via Residual Policy Learning

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Tao, Jiyue Shen, Tongsheng Zhao, Dexin Zhang, Feitian Robotics and Control Laboratory Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics College of Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex Systems Peking University Beijing100871 China National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology Beijing100071 China

The target defense problem involves intercepting an attacker before it reaches a designated target region using one or more defenders. This letter focuses on a particularly challenging scenario in which the attacker is more agile than the defenders, significantly increasing the difficulty of effective interception. To address this challenge, we propose a novel residual policy framework that integrates deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with the force-based Boids model. In this framework, the Boids model serves as a baseline policy, while DRL learns a residual policy to refine and optimize the defenders’ actions. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms traditional interception policies, whether learned via vanilla DRL or fine-tuned from force-based methods. Moreover, the learned policy exhibits strong scalability and adaptability, effectively handling scenarios with varying numbers of defenders and attackers with different agility levels. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

Three-Dimensional Trajectory Planning for Quadrotor UAV Based on Simplified PSO Algorithm 3rd

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Three-Dimensional Trajectory Planning for Quadrotor UAV Base...

3rd International Conference on Machine Learning, Cloud Computing and Intelligent Mining, MLCCIM 2024

作者： Yin, Ruhui Jiang, Han Shu, Zilin Ren, Ziang Lin, Qinghao Huang, Zixin School of Electrical and Information Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan430205 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Digital Textile Equipment Wuhan Textile University Wuhan430200 China Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems College of Artificial Intelligence Nankai University Tianjin300350 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819624676

Aiming to address the requirements of Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (QUAV) for conducting mission cruises in three-dimensional complex environments, this paper introduces an optimization algorithm for trajectory planning. By analyzing the motion of the QUAV, the dynamics model is established, along with the constraint model for its flight trajectory. Based on the basic Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, simplified Particle Swarm Optimization (sPSO) removes the particle velocity term from the evolution equation. This adjustment helps prevent slower convergence and lower accuracy in the later stages, which can occur due to the dispersion of particles caused by the particle velocity term. The trajectory is smoothed by using the Minimum Snap principle to ensure that it meets the flight constraints of the QUAV. The simulation results demonstrate that the sPSO algorithm is effective and feasible for application in QUAV three-dimensional trajectory planning. In comparison to the PSO algorithm, the trajectory is more optimal, and the convergence accuracy is higher. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

Automatic speaker identification system based on MLP network and deep learning in the presence of severe interference

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-42页

作者： Shafik, Amira Sedik, Ahmed El-Shafai, Walid Khalaf, Ashraf A. M. El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M. El-Samie, Fathi E. Abd Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Minia University Minia61519 Egypt Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafr Elsheikh University Kafr El‑Shaikh Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Automatic Speaker Identification (ASI) is so crucial for security. Current ASI systems perform well in quiet and clean surroundings. However, in noisy situations, the robustness of an ASI system against additive noise and interference is a crucial factor. An investigation of the impact of interference on ASI system performance is presented in this paper, which introduces algorithms for achieving high ASI system performance. The objective is to resist the interference of various forms. This paper presents two models for the ASI task in the presence of interference. The first one depends on Normalized Pitch Frequency (NPF) and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) as extracted features and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) as a classifier. In this model, we investigate the utilization of a Discrete Transform (DT), such as Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Sine Transform (DST), to increase the robustness of extracted features against different types of degradation through exploiting the sub-band decomposition characteristics of DWT and the energy compaction property of DCT and DST. This is achieved by extracting features directly from contaminated speech signals in addition to features extracted from discrete transformed signals to create hybrid feature vectors. The enhancement techniques, such as Spectral Subtraction (SS), Winer Filter, and adaptive Wiener filter, are used in a preprocessing stage to eliminate the effect of the interference on the ASI system. In the second model, we investigate the utilization of Deep Learning (DL) based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with speech signal spectrograms and their Radon transforms to increase the robustness of the ASI system against interference effects. One of this paper goals is to introduce a comparison between the two models and build a more robust ASI system against severe interference. The experimental results indicate that the two proposed models lead to satisfa

关键词： Additive noise

Diffusion-Based mmWave Radar Point Cloud Enhancement Driven by Range Images

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wu, Ruixin Li, Zihan Wang, Jin Xu, Xiangyu Yu, Huan Zheng, Zhi Huang, Kaixiang Lu, Guodong The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Industrial Big Data and Robot Intelligent Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China Robotics Research Center of Yuyao City Ningbo315400 China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Department of Mechatronics Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar has attracted significant attention in robotics and autonomous driving. However, despite the perception stability in harsh environments, the point cloud generated by mmWave radar is relatively sparse while containing significant noise, which limits its further development. Traditional mmWave radar enhancement approaches often struggle to leverage the effectiveness of diffusion models in super-resolution, largely due to the unnatural range-azimuth heatmap (RAH) or bird’s eye view (BEV) representation. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel method that pioneers the application of fusing range images with image diffusion models, achieving accurate and dense mmWave radar point clouds that are similar to LiDAR. Benefitting from the projection that aligns with human observation, the range image representation of mmWave radar is close to natural images, allowing the knowledge from pre-trained image diffusion models to be effectively transferred, significantly improving the overall performance. Extensive evaluations on both public datasets and self-constructed datasets demonstrate that our approach provides substantial improvements, establishing a new state-of-the-art performance in generating truly three-dimensional LiDAR-like point clouds via mmWave radar. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radar imaging

Feasibility Evaluation of Quadratic Programs for Constrained Control

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Rousseas, Panagiotis Panagou, Dimitra Control Systems Laboratory School of Mechanical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece Department of Robotics Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Michigan MI United States

This paper presents a computationally-efficient method for evaluating the feasibility of Quadratic Programs (QPs) for online constrained control. Based on the duality principle, we first show that the feasibility of a QP can be determined by the solution of a properly-defined Linear Program (LP). Our analysis yields a LP that can be solved more efficiently compared to the original QP problem, and more importantly, is simpler in form and can be solved more efficiently compared to existing methods that assess feasibility via LPs. The computational efficiency of the proposed method compared to existing methods for feasibility evaluation is demonstrated in comparative case studies as well as a feasible-constraint selection problem, indicating its promise for online feasibility evaluation of optimization-based controllers. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Quadratic programming

Domain-Adaptive Power Profiling Analysis Strategy for the Metaverse

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Domain-Adaptive Power Profiling Analysis Strategy for the Me...

作者： Li, Xiang Yang, Ning Liu, Weifeng Chen, Aidong Zhang, Yanlong Wang, Shuo Zhou, Jing Beijing Key Laboratory of Information Service Engineering Beijing Union University Beijing China Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Robotics Beijing Union University Beijing China Research Center for Multi-Intelligent Systems Beijing Union University Beijing China Information System Laboratory Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institution Beijing China

In the surge of the digital era, the metaverse, as a groundbreaking concept, has become a focal point in the technology sector. It is reshaping human work and life patterns, carving out a new realm of virtual and real interaction. However, the rapid development of the metaverse brings along novel challenges in security and privacy. In this multifaceted and complex technological environment, data protection is of paramount importance. The innovative capabilities of high-end devices and functions in the metaverse, owing to advanced integrated circuit technology, face unique threats from side-channel analysis (SCA), potentially leading to breaches in user privacy. Addressing the issue of domain differences caused by different hardware devices, which impact the generalizability of the analysis model and the accuracy of analysis, this paper proposes a strategy of portability power profiling analysis (PPPA). Combining domain adaptation and deep learning techniques, it models and calibrates the domain differences between the profiling and target devices, enhancing the model's adaptability in different device environments. Experiments show that our method can recover the correct key with as few as 389 power traces, effectively recovering keys across different devices. This paper underscores the effectiveness of cross-device SCA, focusing on the adaptability and robustness of analysis models in different hardware environments, thereby enhancing the security of user data privacy in the metaverse environment. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Data privacy

Cross-Subject Depression Level Classification Using EEG Signals with a Sample Confidence Method

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Zhong-Yi Xu, Chen-Yang Zhao, Li-Xuan Hou, Hui-Rang Meng, Qing-Hao Tianjin Key Laboratory of Process Measurement and Control Institute of Robotics and Autonomous Systems School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive tool for real-time neural monitoring, widely used in depression detection via deep learning. However, existing models primarily focus on binary classification (depression/normal), lacking granularity for severity assessment. To address this, we proposed the DepL-GCN, i.e., Depression Level classification based on GCN model. This model tackles two key challenges: (1) subjectivity in depression-level labeling due to patient self-report biases, and (2) class imbalance across severity categories. Inspired by the model learning patterns, we introduced two novel modules: the sample confidence module and the minority sample penalty module. The former leverages the L2-norm of prediction errors to progressively filter EEG samples with weak label alignment during training, thereby reducing the impact of subjectivity;the latter automatically upweights misclassified minority-class samples to address imbalance issues. After testing on two public EEG datasets, DepL-GCN achieved accuracies of 81.13% and 81.36% for multi-class severity recognition, outperforming baseline models. Ablation studies confirmed both modules’ contributions. We further discussed the strengths and limitations of regression-based models for depression-level recognition. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electroencephalography

Scale-Invariant Specifications for Human-Swarm systems

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Field Robotics

Field robotics 2025年 3卷 368-391页

作者： Joel Meyer Ahalya Prabhakar Allison Pinosky Ian Abraham Annalisa Taylor Millicent Schlafly Katarina Popovich Giovani Diniz Brendan Teich Borislava Simidchieva Shane Clark Todd Murphey The Center for Robotics and Biosystems at Northwestern University École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) The Department of Mechanical Engineering at Yale University Unmanned Laboratory Raytheon BBN Technologies Systems and Technology Research

We present a method for controlling a swarm using its spectral decomposition—that is, by describing the set of trajectories of a swarm in terms of a spatial distribution throughout the operational domain—guaranteeing scale invariance with respect to the number of agents both for computation and for the operator tasked with controlling the swarm. We use ergodic control, decentralized across the network, for implementation. In the DARPA OFFSET program field setting, we test this interface design for the operator using the STOMP interface—the same interface used by Raytheon BBN throughout the duration of the OFFSET program. In these tests, we demonstrate that our approach is scale-invariant—the user specification does not depend on the number of agents; it is persistent—the specification remains active until the user specifies a new command; and it is real-time—the user can interact with and interrupt the swarm at any time. Moreover, we show that the spectral/ergodic specification of swarm behavior degrades gracefully as the number of agents goes down, enabling the operator to maintain the same approach as agents become disabled or are added to the network. We demonstrate the scale invariance and dynamic response of our system in a field-relevant simulator on a variety of tactical scenarios with up to 50 agents. We also demonstrate the dynamic response of our system in the field with a smaller team of agents. Lastly, we make the code for our system available.

关键词： User interfaces Space exploration Hardware Visualization Trajectory Touch sensitive screens Robot sensing systems Real-time systems Graphical models Distribution functions

Dual-modal Motion of Magnetically Controlled Soft Microrobots with Environmentally Responsive Reversible Deformation 24

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Dual-modal Motion of Magnetically Controlled Soft Microrobot...

2nd International Conference on Frontiers of Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation, CFIMA 2024

作者： Xin, Zhengyuan Wu, Anping Bai, Kailun Yang, Haotian Lin, Kaijun Shi, Qing Wang, Huaping Hou, Yaozhen Intelligent Robotics Institute School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China School of Medical Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Science and Technology on Space Physics Laboratory Beijing China School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710681

Soft microrobots have garnered attention in the biomedical field due to their ability to access hard-to-reach regions within living organisms for precise manipulation. However, the inability to alter the stable morphology after design and fabrication remains a pressing issue for existing soft microrobots. This limitation results in a fixed range of locomotion modes, thereby restricting the diversity of operational environments. Addressing this challenge, this study proposes and designs a biocompatible X-shaped soft microrobot that achieves alterable stable morphologies through an innovative mechanism. We developed a deformable soft hydrogel robot based on alginate gel’s ability to reversibly swell in response to ion concentration changes. Based on the deformation characteristics of this microrobot, we have designed undulating and rolling locomotion modes that are suitable for different morphologies, along with their corresponding magnetic field manipulation systems, enabling multi-morphology locomotion of the robot. Experimental validations demonstrate that the designed flexible microrobot can achieve a deformation deflection angle of up to 150° under manipulation. This robot not only performs forward undulating locomotion in its expanded state but also executes rolling motion in its spherical configuration, exhibiting high locomotion flexibility and adaptability. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Microrobots