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Communications biology 2024年第1期7卷 1632页

作者： Takumi Tomoi Yuka Yoshida Suguru Ohe Yukiko Kabeya Mitsuyasu Hasebe Tomohiro Morohoshi Takashi Murata Joe Sakamoto Yosuke Tamada Yasuhiro Kamei Innovation Department Center for Innovation Support Institute for Social Innovation and Cooperation Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya Japan. t-tomoi@rs.tus.ac.jp. School of Engineering Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya Japan. t-tomoi@rs.tus.ac.jp. Department of Applied Biological Science Tokyo University of Science Noda Japan. t-tomoi@rs.tus.ac.jp. Laboratory for Biothermology National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki Japan. t-tomoi@rs.tus.ac.jp. Graduate School of Regional Development and Creativity Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya Japan. School of Engineering Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya Japan. Division of Evolutionary Biology National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki Japan. Department of Basic Biology The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Okazaki Japan. Department of Applied Bioscience Kanagawa Institute of Technology Atsugi Japan. Laboratory for Biothermology National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki Japan. Biophotonics Research Group Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) Okazaki Japan. School of Engineering Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya Japan. tamada@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp. Graduate School of Regional Development and Creativity Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya Japan. tamada@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp. Division of Evolutionary Biology National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki Japan. tamada@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp. Department of Basic Biology The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Okazaki Japan. tamada@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp. Center for Optical Research and Education (CORE) Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya Japan. tamada@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp. Robotics Engineering and Agriculture-technology Laboratory (REAL) Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya Japan. tamada@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp. Laboratory for Biothermology National Institute for Basic Biology Okazaki Japan. ykamei@nibb.ac.jp. Department of Basic Biology The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Okazaki Japan. ykamei@nibb

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Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific burden of diarrhoeal diseases, their risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990–2021, for 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2025年第5期25卷 519-536页

作者： Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe Vongpradith, Avina Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Ma, Jianing Albertson, Samuel B. Novotney, Amanda Khalil, Ibrahim A. Troeger, Christopher E. Doxey, Matthew C. Ledesma, Jorge R. Sirota, Sarah Brooke Bender, Rose Grace Swetschinski, Lucien R. Cunningham, Matthew Spearman, Sandra Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abd Al Magied, Abdallah H.A. El Hafeez, Samar Abd Abdoun, Meriem Abera, Bayeh Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abtew, Yonas Derso Abualruz, Hasan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Aburuz, Salahdein Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Oluwaseun Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Adhikary, Ripon Kumar Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adra, Saryia Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika Agide, Feleke Doyore Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Saeed Akinosoglou, Karolina Akter, Ema Al Awaidy, Salah Alajlani, Muaaz M. Alam, Khurshid Albakri, Almaza Albashtawy, Mohammed Aldhaleei, Wafa A. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Al-Marwani, Sabah Almazan, Joseph Uy Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almustanyir, Sami Alqahatni, Saleh A. Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Altaf, Awais Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amugsi, Dickson A. Andrei, Catalina Liliana Antoni, Sebastien Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola Anwar, Saleha Anwari, Palwasha Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Arndt, Michael Benjamin Asgedom, Akeza Awealom Ashraf, Tahira Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atreya, Alok Ayele, Firayad Azadi, Davood Azhar, Gulrez Shah Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Taghanaki, Pegah Bahrami Bahramian, Saeed Balakrishnan, Senthi Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle 98195 WA United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Center for Biostatistics Ohio State University Columbus OH United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Urban Indian Health Institute Seattle Indian Health Board Seattle WA United States School of Medicine Yale University New Haven CT United States Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo General Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia College of Pharmacy Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Epidemiology Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Department of Medicine University of Sétif Algeria Sétif Algeria Department of Health Sétif Algeria Department of Medical Microbiology Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Biomedical Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Nursing Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan Amman Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Clinical Sciences Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center-Academic Health System Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar College of Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Therapeutics United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates School of Medicine University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Syd

Background: Diarrhoeal diseases claim more than 1 million lives annually and are a leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years. Comprehensive global estimates of the diarrhoeal disease burden for specific age groups of children younger than 5 years are scarce, and the burden in children older than 5 years and in adults is also understudied. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to assess the burden of, and trends in, diarrhoeal diseases overall and attributable to 13 pathogens, as well as the contributions of associated risk factors, in children and adults in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods: We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse vital registration data, verbal autopsy data, mortality surveillance data, and minimally invasive tissue sampling data. We used DisMod-MR (version 2.1), a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews, population-based surveys, and claims and inpatient data. We calculated diarrhoeal disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) for each location, year, and age–sex group. For aetiology estimation, we used a counterfactual approach to quantify population-attributable fractions (PAFs). Additionally, we estimated the diarrhoeal disease burden attributable to the independent effects of risk factors using the comparative risk assessment framework. Findings: In 2021, diarrhoeal diseases caused an estimated 1·17 million (95% uncertainty interval 0·793–1·62) deaths globally, representing a 60·3% (50·6–69·0) decrease since 1990 (2·93 million [2·31–3·73] deaths). The most pronounced decline was in children younger than 5 years, with a 79·2% (72·4–84·6) decrease in diarrhoeal deaths. Global YLLs also decreased substantially, from 186 million (147–221) in 1990 to 51·4 million (39·9–65·9) in 2021. In 2021, an e

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National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (vol 13, 517, 2022)

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 2022年第1期13卷 517-517页

作者： Van Bavel, Jay J. Cichocka, Aleksandra Capraro, Valerio Sjastad, Hallgeir Nezlek, John B. Pavlovic, Tomislav Alfano, Mark Gelfand, Michele J. Azevedo, Flavio Birtel, Michele D. Cislak, Aleksandra Lockwood, Patricia L. Ross, Robert Malcolm Abts, Koen Agadullina, Elena Aruta, John Jamir Benzon Besharati, Sahba Nomvula Bor, Alexander Choma, Becky L. Crabtree, Charles David Cunningham, William A. De, Koustav Ejaz, Waqas Elbaek, Christian T. Findor, Andrej Flichtentrei, Daniel Franc, Renata Gjoneska, Biljana Gruber, June Gualda, Estrella Horiuchi, Yusaku Huynh, Toan Luu Duc Ibanez, Agustin Imran, Mostak Ahamed Israelashvili, Jacob Jasko, Katarzyna Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena Krouwel, Andre Laakasuo, Michael Lamm, Claus Leygue, Caroline Lin, Ming-Jen Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir Marie, Antoine Mayiwar, Lewend Mazepus, Honorata McHugh, Cillian Minda, John Paul Mitkidis, Panagiotis Olsson, Andreas Otterbring, Tobias Packer, Dominic J. Perry, Anat Petersen, Michael Bang Puthillam, Arathy Riano-Moreno, Julian C. Rothmund, Tobias Santamaria-Garcia, Hernando Schmid, Petra C. Stoyanov, Drozdstoy Tewari, Shruti Todosijevic, Bojan Tsakiris, Manos Tung, Hans H. Umbres, Radu G. Vanags, Edmunds Vlasceanu, Madalina Vonasch, Andrew Yucel, Meltem Zhang, Yucheng Abad, Mohcine Adler, Eli Akrawi, Narin Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui Amara, Hanane Amodio, David M. Antazo, Benedict G. Apps, Matthew Ay, F. Ceren Ba, Mouhamadou Hady Barbosa, Sergio Bastian, Brock Berg, Anton Bernal-Zarate, Maria P. Bernstein, Michael Bialek, Michal Bilancini, Ennio Bogatyreva, Natalia Boncinelli, Leonardo Booth, Jonathan E. Borau, Sylvie Buchel, Ondrej Cameron, C. Daryl Carvalho, Chrissie F. Celadin, Tatiana Cerami, Chiara Chalise, Hom Nath Cheng, Xiaojun Cian, Luca Cockcroft, Kate Conway, Jane Cordoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres Crespi, Chiara Crouzevialle, Marie Cutler, Jo Cypryanska, Marzena Dabrowska, Justyna Daniels, Michael A. Davis, Victoria H. Dayley, Pamala N. Delouvee, Sylvain Denkovski, Ognjan Dezecache, Guillaume Dhaliwal, Nathan A. Diato, Department of Psychology and Neural Science New York University New York NY USA School of Psychology University of Kent Canterbury England Department of Economics Middlesex University London London England Department of Strategy and Management Norwegian School of Economics Bergen Norway SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities Poznań Poland Department of Psychological Sciences College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA USA Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar Zagreb Croatia Department of Philosophy Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia Stanford Graduate School of Business Stanford University Stanford CA USA Institute of Communication Science Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Jena Germany School of Human Sciences Institute for Lifecourse Development University of Greenwich London England Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford Oxford England Center for Human Brain Health School of Psychology University of Birmingham Birmingham England Department of Psychology Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia KU Leuven Leuven Belgium National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) Moscow Russia De La Salle University Manila Philippines Department of Psychology University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Department of Political Science Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark X University Toronto Canada Department of Government Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Gatton College of Business and Economics University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA Department of Mass Communication National University of Science and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan Department of Management Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia IntraMed Buenos Aires Argentina Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts North Macedonia Republic of North Macedonia University of Colorado Boulder Bould

Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = −0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics. Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

关键词： Viral infection Human behaviour

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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels (vol 400, pg 1619, 2022)

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LANCET 2022年第10365期400卷 1766-1766页

作者： Romanello, M. Di Napoli, C. Drummond, P. Institute for Global Health University College London London UK School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK Department of Global Health Centre for Health and the Global Environment University of Washington Seattle WA USA UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London London UK School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health & Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Venice Italy Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich London UK Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Geography University College London London UK NU

With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the local cooling and overall health benefits of urban greenspaces, only 277 (27%) of 1038 global urban centres were at least moderately green in 2021 (indicator 2.2.3), and the number of households with air conditioning increased by 66% from 2000 to 2020, a maladaptive response that worsens the energy crisis and further increases urban heat, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. [...]millions of people do not have access to the energy needed to keep their homes at healthy temperatures, preserve food and medication, and meet the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all). Aggravating this situation even further, governments continue to incentivise fossil fuel production and consumption: 69 (80%) of 86 countries reviewed had net-negative carbon prices (ie, provided a net subsidy to fossil fuels) for a net total of US$400 billion

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The short version of the Sexual Distress Scale (SDS-3): Measurement invariance across countries, gender identities, and sexual orientations

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International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology 2024年第2期24卷 100461-100461页

作者： Lin, Chung-Ying Tsai, Meng-Che Koós, Mónika Nagy, Léna Kraus, Shane W. Demetrovics, Zsolt Potenza, Marc N. Ballester-Arnal, Rafael Batthyány, Dominik Bergeron, Sophie Billieux, Joël Briken, Peer Cárdenas-López, Georgina Carvalho, Joana Castro-Calvo, Jesús Chen, Lijun Ciocca, Giacomo Corazza, Ornella Csako, Rita I. Fernandez, David P. Fernandez, Elaine F. Fujiwara, Hironobu Fuss, Johannes Gabrhelík, Roman Gewirtz-Meydan, Ateret Gjoneska, Biljana Gola, Mateusz Grubbs, Joshua B. Hashim, Hashim T. Islam, Md. Saiful Ismail, Mustafa Jiménez-Martínez, Martha Jurin, Tanja Kalina, Ondrej Klein, Verena Költő, András Lee, Sang-Kyu Lewczuk, Karol Lochner, Christine López-Alvarado, Silvia Lukavská, Kateřina Mayta-Tristán, Percy Milea, Ion Miller, Dan J. Orosová, Oľga Orosz, Gábor Ponce, Fernando P. Quintana, Gonzalo R. Garzola, Gabriel C. Quintero Ramos-Diaz, Jano Rigaud, Kévin Rousseau, Ann Scanavino, Marco De Tubino Schulmeyer, Marion K. Sharan, Pratap Shibata, Mami Shoib, Sheikh Sigre-Leirós, Vera Sniewski, Luke Spasovski, Ognen Steibliene, Vesta Stein, Dan J. Strizek, Julian Štulhofer, Aleksandar Ünsal, Berk C. Vaillancourt-Morel, Marie-Pier Van Hout, Marie Claire Bőthe, Beáta Institute of Allied Health Sciences College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Biostatistics Consulting Center National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Pediatrics National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Doctoral School of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary Institute of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary Department of Psychology University of Nevada Las Vegas NV United States Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming University of Gibraltar Gibraltar United Kingdom College of Education Psychology and Social Work Flinders University Adelaide Australia Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT United States Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling Wethersfield CT United States Departamento de Psicología Básica Clínica y Psicobiología University Jaume I Castelló Spain Institute for Behavioural Addictions Sigmund Freud University Vienna Austria Département de Psychologie Université de Montréal Montréal Canada Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les problèmes conjugaux et les agressions sexuelles Montréal Canada Institute of Psychology University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Center for Excessive Gambling Addiction Medicine Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland Institute for Sex Research Sexual Medicine & Forensic Psychiatry University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany Virtual Teaching and Cyberpsychology Laboratory School of Psychology National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico Mexico William James Center for Research Department of Education and Psychology University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Department of Personality Assessment and Psychological Treatments University of Valencia Valencia Spain Department of Psychology College of Humanity and Social Science Fuzhou University

Background: The three-item Sexual Distress Scale (SDS-3) has been frequently used to assess distress related to sexuality in public health surveys and research on sexual wellbeing. However, its psychometric properties and measurement invariance across cultural, gender and sexual subgroups have not yet been examined. This multinational study aimed to validate the SDS-3 and test its psychometric properties, including measurement invariance across language, country, gender identity, and sexual orientation groups. Methods: We used global survey data from 82,243 individuals (Mean _age=32.39 years;40.3 % men, 57.0 % women, 2.8 % non-binary, and 0.6 % other genders) participating in the International Sexual Survey (ISS;https://***/) across 42 countries and 26 languages. Participants completed the SDS-3, as well as questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, including gender identity and sexual orientation. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a unidimensional factor structure for the SDS-3, and multi-group CFA (MGCFA) suggested that this factor structure was invariant across countries, languages, gender identities, and sexual orientations. Cronbach's α for the unidimensional score was 0.83 (range between 0.76 and 0.89), and McDonald's ω was 0.84 (range between 0.76 and 0.90). Participants who did not experience sexual problems had significantly lower SDS-3 total scores (M = 2.99;SD=2.54) compared to those who reported sexual problems (M = 5.60;SD=3.00), with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.01 [95 % CI=-1.03, -0.98];p < 0.001). Conclusion: The SDS-3 has a unidimensional factor structure and appears to be valid and reliable for measuring sexual distress among individuals from different countries, gender identities, and sexual orientations. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) International sex survey Psychometric analysis Sexual distress

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Global, regional, and national prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet 2025年第10481期405卷 785-812页

作者： Kerr, Jessica A. Patton, George C. Cini, Karly I. Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abbas, Nasir Abd Al Magied, Abdallah H. A. Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abd-Elsalam, Sherief Abdollahi, Arash Abdoun, Meriem Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdullahi, Auwal Abeywickrama, Hansani Madushika Abie, Alemwork Abiodun, Olumide Abohashem, Shady Abtahi, Dariush Abualruz, Hasan Abubakar, Bilyaminu Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E. Aburuz, Salahdein Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adams, Lisa C. Adane, Mesafint Molla Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adedokun, Kamoru Ademola Adegoke, Nurudeen A. Adesola, Ridwan Olamilekan Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Adiga, Usha Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afify, Abdelrahman Yousry Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika Aghamiri, Shahin Agostinis Sobrinho, César Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahlstrom, Austin J. Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Fuzail Ahmad, Muayyad M. Ahmad, Noah Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Akrami, Ashley E. Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Thaher, Yazan Al Alalwan, Tariq A. Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Al-Amer, Rasmieh Mustafa Alansari, Amani Al-Ashwal, Fahmi Y. Albashtawy, Mohammed Alemayehu, Bezawit Abeje Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Alhabib, Khalid F. Alhuwail, Dari Ali, Abid Ali, Endale Alemayehu Ali, Mohammad Daud Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Waad Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Alimohamadi, Yousef Al-Jabi, Samah W. Aljofan, Mohamad Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alkhatib, Ahmad Almahmeed, Wael Al-Marwani, Sabah Alomari, Mahmoud A. Alqahtani, Saleh A. Alqarni, Abdullah A. Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Alrimawi, Intima Alrousan, Sahel Majed Alshahrani, Najim Z. Altaany, Zaid Altaf, Awais Alvi, Farrukh Jawad Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Hany Aly, Safwat Alzoubi, Karem H. Mohammadi, Masoud Aman Amera, Tewodros Getnet Amiri, Sohrab Amu, H Centre for Adolescent Health Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia Department of Psychological Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand Population Health Theme Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Parkville VIC Australia Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo General Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Hong Kong Department of Neuroscience City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran College of Pharmacy Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Epidemiology Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Tanta University Tanta Egypt Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medicine University of Setif Algeria Sétif Algeria Department of Health Sétif Algeria Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq National Institute of Epidemiology Indian Council of Medical Research Chennai India Department of Physiotherapy Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria Department of Physiotherapy Federal University Wukari Wukari Nigeria School of Health Sciences Niigata University Niigata Japan Midwifery Department Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Community Medicine Babcock University Ilishan-Remo Nigeria Cardiovascular Research Center Boston MA United States Department of Radiology Harvard University Boston MA United States Department of Anesthesiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Nursing Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Usmanu Danfodiy

Background: Despite the well documented consequences of obesity during childhood and adolescence and future risks of excess body mass on non-communicable diseases in adulthood, coordinated global action on excess body mass in early life is still insufficient. Inconsistent measurement and reporting are a barrier to specific targets, resource allocation, and interventions. In this Article we report current estimates of overweight and obesity across childhood and adolescence, progress over time, and forecasts to inform specific actions. Methods: Using established methodology from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021, we modelled overweight and obesity across childhood and adolescence from 1990 to 2021, and then forecasted to 2050. Primary data for our models included 1321 unique measured and self-reported anthropometric data sources from 180 countries and territories from survey microdata, reports, and published literature. These data were used to estimate age-standardised global, regional, and national overweight prevalence and obesity prevalence (separately) for children and young adolescents (aged 5–14 years, typically in school and cared for by child health services) and older adolescents (aged 15–24 years, increasingly out of school and cared for by adult services) by sex for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Prevalence estimates from 1990 to 2021 were generated using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models, which leveraged temporal and spatial correlation in epidemiological trends to ensure comparability of results across time and geography. Prevalence forecasts from 2022 to 2050 were generated using a generalised ensemble modelling approach assuming continuation of current trends. For every age-sex-location population across time (1990–2050), we estimated obesity (vs overweight) predominance using the log ratio of obesity percentage to overweight percentage. Findings: Between 1990 and 2021, the combined pr

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Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet 2023年第10397期402卷 203-234页

作者： Ong, Kanyin Liane Stafford, Lauryn K. McLaughlin, Susan A. Boyko, Edward J. Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E. Dalton, Bronte E. Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A. Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A. Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen ElHafeez, Samar Abd Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A. Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arnlov, Johan Artamonov, Anton A. Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina Darshan, B.B. Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Baghe Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation School of Medicine General Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine France Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Department of Nursing Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Nursing Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopaedic Surgery Social Determinants of Health Research Center Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Epidemiology Department Evidence-Based Practice Center Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq School of Planning Faculty of Environment Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA United States Biocomplexity Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA United States College of Medicine Department of Public Health Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Clinical Sciences Department Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Centre for Social Research in Health Quality and Systems Performance Unit Cancer Institute NSW Sydney NSW Australia Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine HIV and Infectious Diseases Department Jhpiego Abuja Nigeria Adolescent Research and Care Department Adolescent Friendly Research Initiative and Care Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Epidemiology Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Department of Family Medicine McMaster University

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined;these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs;defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims;type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative r

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A multi-view ensemble classification model for clinically actionable genetic mutations

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Zhang, Xi Sheryl Chen, Dandi Zhu, Yongjun Che, Chao Su, Chang Zhao, Sendong Min, Xu Wang, Fei Department of Healthcare Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medicine Cornell University Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing Ministry of Education Dalian University School of Electronic and Information Engineering Xian Jiaotong University China Research Center for Social Computing and Information Retrieval Harbin Institute of Technology China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tsinghua University China

This paper presents details of our winning solutions to the task IV of NIPS 2017 Competition Track entitled Classifying Clinically Actionable Genetic Mutations. The machine learning task aims to classify genetic mutations based on text evidence from clinical literature with promising performance. We develop a novel multi-view machine learning framework with ensemble classification models to solve the problem. During the Challenge, feature combinations derived from three views including document view, entity text view, and entity name view, which complements each other, are comprehensively explored. As the final solution, we submitted an ensemble of nine basic gradient boosting models which shows the best performance in the evaluation. The approach scores 0.5506 and 0.6694 in terms of logarithmic loss on a fixed split in stage-1 testing phase and 5-fold cross validation respectively, which also makes us ranked as a top-1 team1 out of more than 1300 solutions in NIPS 2017 Competition Track IV. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children

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Nature Communications 2022年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Reiner, Robert C. Welgan, Catherine A. Troeger, Christopher E. Baumann, Mathew M. Weiss, Daniel J. Deshpande, Aniruddha Blacker, Brigette F. Miller-Petrie, Molly K. Earl, Lucas Bhatt, Samir Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Aghaali, Mohammad Aji, Budi Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Saqib Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amini, Saeed Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Fereshteh Anvari, Davood Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Floriane Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Badawi, Alaa Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Bedi, Neeraj Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhandari, Dinesh Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bijani, Ali Birhanu, Tesega Tesega Mengistu Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Butt, Zahid A. Car, Josip Carvalho, Felix Casey, Daniel C. Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Coelho, Camila H. Cook, Aubrey J. Damiani, Giovanni Daoud, Farah Gela, Jiregna Darega Darwish, Amira Hamed Daryani, Ahmad Das, Jai K. Davis Weaver, Nicole Deribe, Kebede Desalew, Assefa Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Dorostkar, Fariba Dubljanin, Eleonora Duko, Bereket Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Effiong, Andem El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enany, Shymaa Fattahi, Nazir Feigin, Valery L. Fernandes, Eduarda Ferrara, Pietro Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Masoud Frostad, Joseph Jon Fukumoto, Takeshi Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gebrekrstos, Hailemikael Gebrekidan G. K. Gebremeskel, Leake Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Gething, Peter W. Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Golechha, Mahaveer Gubar Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Population Health Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Qom University of Medical Sciences Qom Iran Faculty of Medicine and Public Health Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto Indonesia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center Department of Veterans Affairs St Louis MO United States Institute of Health Research University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Information Systems College of Economics and Political Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Health Policy and Management Kuwait University Safat Kuwait International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding National University of Malaysia Bandar Tun Razak Malaysia Department of Epidemiology Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran Medical Research Center

Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Biogeography Epidemiology Infectious diseases Malaria

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Second gadolinium loading to Super-Kamiokande

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Abe, K. Bronner, C. Hayato, Y. Hiraide, K. Hosokawa, K. Ieki, K. Ikeda, M. Kameda, J. Kanemura, Y. Kaneshima, R. Kashiwagi, Y. Kataoka, Y. Miki, S. Mine, S. Miura, M. Moriyama, S. Nakano, Y. Nakahata, M. Nakayama, S. Noguchi, Y. Sato, K. Sekiya, H. Shiba, H. Shimizu, K. Shiozawa, M. Sonoda, Y. Suzuki, Y. Takeda, A. Takemoto, Y. Tanaka, H. Yano, T. Han, S. Kajita, T. Okumura, K. Tashiro, T. Tomiya, T. Wang, X. Yoshida, S. Fernandez, P. Labarga, L. Ospina, N. Zaldivar, B. Pointon, B.W. Kearns, E. Raaf, J.L. Wan, L. Wester, T. Bian, J. Griskevich, N.J. Smy, M.B. Sobel, H.W. Takhistov, V. Yankelevich, A. Hill, J. Jang, M.C. Lee, S.H. Moon, D.H. Park, R.G. Bodur, B. Scholberg, K. Walter, C.W. Beauchêne, A. Drapier, O. Giampaolo, A. Mueller, Th.A. Santos, A.D. Paganini, P. Quilain, B. Rogly, R. Nakamura, T. Jang, J.S. Machado, L.N. Learned, J.G. Choi, K. Iovine, N. Cao, S. Anthony, L.H.V. Martin, D. Prouse, N.W. Scott, M. Uchida, Y. Berardi, V. Calabria, N.F. Catanesi, M.G. Radicioni, E. Langella, A. De Rosa, G. Collazuol, G. Iacob, F. Mattiazzi, M. Ludovici, L. Gonin, M. Périssé, L. Pronost, G. Fujisawa, C. Maekawa, Y. Nishimura, Y. Okazaki, R. Akutsu, R. Friend, M. Hasegawa, T. Ishida, T. Kobayashi, T. Jakkapu, M. Matsubara, T. Nakadaira, T. Nakamura, K. Oyama, Y. Sakashita, K. Sekiguchi, T. Tsukamoto, T. Bhuiyan, N. Burton, G.T. Di Lodovico, F. Gao, J. Goldsack, A. Katori, T. Migenda, J. Ramsden, R.M. Xie, Z. Zsoldos, S. Suzuki, A.T. Takagi, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Zhong, H. Feng, J. Feng, L. Hu, J.R. Hu, Z. Kawaue, M. Kikawa, T. Mori, M. Nakaya, T. Wendell, R.A. Yasutome, K. Jenkins, S.J. McCauley, N. Mehta, P. Tarant, A. Wilking, M.J. Fukuda, Y. Itow, Y. Menjo, H. Ninomiya, K. Yoshioka, Y. Lagoda, J. Mandal, M. Mijakowski, P. Prabhu, Y.S. Zalipska, J. Jia, M. Jiang, J. Shi, W. Yanagisawa, C. Harada, M. Hino, Y. Ishino, H. Koshio, Y. Nakanishi, F. Sakai, S. Tada, T. BMCC CUNY Science Department New YorkNY1007 United States University of Victoria Department of Physics and Astronomy PO Box 1700 STN CSC VictoriaBCV8W 2Y2 Canada Kamioka Observatory Institute for Cosmic Ray Research Univerity of Tokyo Gifu Kamioka506-1205 Japan Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Department of Theoretical Physics University Autonoma Madrid Madrid28049 Spain Department of Physics Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Department of Physics British Columbia Institute of Technology BurnabyBCV5G 3H2 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Irvine IrvineCA92697-4575 United States Department of Physics California State University Dominguez Hills CarsonCA90747 United States Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles Chonnam National University Gwangju61186 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Ecole Polytechnique IN2P3-CNRS Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet PalaiseauF-91120 France Department of Physics Gifu University Gifu Gifu501-1193 Japan GIST College Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju500-712 Korea Republic of School of Physics and Astronomy University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii HonoluluHI96822 United States Daejeon34126 Korea Republic of Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education ICISE Quy Nhon55121 Viet Nam Department of Physics Imperial College London LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica INFN Sezione di Bari Università e Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica INFN Sezione di Napoli Università di Napoli NapoliI-80126 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica INFN Sezione di Padova Università di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Università di Roma "La Sapienza" R

The first loading of gadolinium (Gd) into Super-Kamiokande in 2020 was successful, and the neutron capture efficiency on Gd reached 50%. To further increase the Gd neutron capture efficiency to 75%, 26.1 tons of Gd2(SO4)3·8H2O was additionally loaded into Super-Kamiokande (SK) from May 31 to July 4, 2022. As the amount of loaded Gd2(SO4)3·8H2O was doubled compared to the first loading, the capacity of the powder dissolving system was doubled. We also developed new batches of gadolinium sulfate with even further reduced radioactive impurities. In addition, a more efficient screening method was devised and implemented to evaluate these new batches of Gd2(SO4)3 · 8H2O . Following the second loading, the Gd concentration in SK was measured to be 333.5 ±2.5 ppm via an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). From the mean neutron capture time constant of neutrons from an Am/Be calibration source, the Gd concentration was independently measured to be 332.7 ± 6.8(sys.) ± 1.1(stat.) ppm, consistent with the AAS result. Furthermore, during the loading the Gd concentration was monitored continually using the capture time constant of each spallation neutron produced by cosmic-ray muons, and the final neutron capture efficiency was shown to become 1.5 times higher than that of the first loaded phase, as expected. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neutrons

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