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All-sky search for short gravitational-wave bursts in the third advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo run

Physical Review D 2021年第12期104卷 122004-122004页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott F. Acernese K. Ackley C. Adams N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu S. Albanesi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koji Arai Koya Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi C. P. L. Berry D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge R. Bhandare U. Bhardwaj D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini L. D. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic C. Buy R. L. Byer L. Cadonati G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane J. Calderón Bustillo J. D. Callagh LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II ” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut Lumière Matière F-69622 Villeurbanne Franc

This paper presents the results of a search for generic short-duration gravitational-wave transients in data from the third observing run of advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo. Transients with durations of milliseconds to a few seconds in the 24–4096 Hz frequency band are targeted by the search, with no assumptions made regarding the incoming signal direction, polarization, or morphology. Gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences that have been identified by other targeted analyses are detected, but no statistically significant evidence for other gravitational wave bursts is found. Sensitivities to a variety of signals are presented. These include updated upper limits on the source rate density as a function of the characteristic frequency of the signal, which are roughly an order of magnitude better than previous upper limits. This search is sensitive to sources radiating as little as ∼10−10 M⊙c2 in gravitational waves at ∼70 Hz from a distance of 10 kpc, with 50% detection efficiency at a false alarm rate of one per century. The sensitivity of this search to two plausible astrophysical sources is estimated: neutron star f modes, which may be excited by pulsar glitches, as well as selected core-collapse supernova models.

关键词： Gravitational wave sources Gravitational waves

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Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

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The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2020年第6期8卷 585-596页

作者： Soriano, Joan B Kendrick, Parkes J Paulson, Katherine R Gupta, Vinay Abrams, Elissa M Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji Adhikari, Tara Ballav Advani, Shailesh M Agrawal, Anurag Ahmadian, Elham Alahdab, Fares Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Altirkawi, Khalid A Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Anber, Nahla Hamed Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjomshoa, Mina Ansari, Fereshteh Antó, Josep M Arabloo, Jalal Athari, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Awoke, Nefsu Badawi, Alaa Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Berfield, Kathleen S Sachiko Bernstein, Robert S Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Brauer, Michael Bukhman, Gene Butt, Zahid A Cámera, Luis Alberto Car, Josip Carrero, Juan J Carvalho, Felix Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Christopher, Devasahayam J Cohen, Aaron J Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dang, Anh Kim Daryani, Ahmad de Courten, Barbora Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam De Neve, Jan-Walter Desai, Rupak Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diaz, Daniel Douiri, Abdel Driscoll, Tim Robert Duken, Eyasu Ejeta Eftekhari, Aziz Elkout, Hajer Endries, Aman Yesuf Fadhil, Ibtihal Faro, Andre Farzadfar, Farshad Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foroutan, Masoud Garcia-Gordillo, M.A. Gebre, Abadi Kahsu Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal Gill, Paramjit Singh Gillum, Richard F Goudarzi, Houman Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajeev Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa Hasanzadeh, Amir Hassen, Hamid Yimam Hay, Simon I Hoang, Chi Linh Hole, Michael K Horita, Nobuyuki Hosgood, H Dean Hostiuc, Mihaela Househ, Mowafa Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Ilic, Milena D Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jamal, Amr A Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B Kabir, Zubair Kasaeian, Amir Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kassa, Getachew Mullu Kefale, Adane Teshome Kengne, Andre Pascal Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khubchandani, Jagdish Kim, Young-Eun Kim, Yun Jin Kisa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (Princess University Hospital) Madrid Spain Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) (Center for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases Network) Madrid Spain Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Seattle WA United States Department of Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States University of Washington Seattle WA United States Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada Ophthalmology Department University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada Department of Paediatrics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Medical Rehabilitation Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Nepal Health Frontiers University of Southern Denmark Kathmandu Nepal Social Behavioral Research Branch National Institute of Health Bethesda MD United States Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC United States Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Delhi India Internal Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX United States Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems Baku Azerbaijan Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundat

Background: Previous attempts to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases have focused only on specific disease conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. In this study, we aimed to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases globally, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis on geographical and time trends from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we estimated the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality attributable to chronic respiratory diseases through an analysis of deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and years of life lost (YLL) by GBD super-region, from 1990 to 2017, stratified by age and sex. Specific diseases analysed included asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, and other chronic respiratory diseases. We also assessed the contribution of risk factors (smoking, second-hand smoke, ambient particulate matter and ozone pollution, household air pollution from solid fuels, and occupational risks) to chronic respiratory disease-attributable DALYs. Findings: In 2017, 544·9 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 506·9–584·8) worldwide had a chronic respiratory disease, representing an increase of 39·8% compared with 1990. Chronic respiratory disease prevalence showed wide variability across GBD super-regions, with the highest prevalence among both males and females in high-income regions, and the lowest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. The age-sex-specific prevalence of each chronic respiratory disease in 2017 was also highly variable geographically. Chronic respiratory diseases were the third leading cause of death in 2017 (7·0% [95% UI 6·8–7·2] of all deaths), behind cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. Deaths due to chronic respiratory diseases numbered 3 914 196 (95% UI 3 790 578–4 044 819) in 2017, an increase of 18·0% since 1990, while

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Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

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eClinicalMedicine 2023年 64卷 102193-102193页

作者： Wu, Dongze Jin, Yingzhao Xing, Yuhan Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abd-Allah, Foad Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abuabara, Katrina Abyadeh, Morteza Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adeniji, Kayode Nelson Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afarideh, Mohsen Aghamiri, Shahin Agodi, Antonella Agrawal, Anurag Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Aithala, Janardhana P. Ajadi, Abdullateef Abiodun Ajami, Marjan Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa Alahdab, Fares AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alemi, Sharifullah Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Liaqat Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Almazan, Joseph Uy Almustanyir, Sami Alqahtani, Jaber S. Alqasmi, Ibrahim Altaf, Ihsan Ullah Khan Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed Aly, Hany Amani, Reza Amu, Hubert Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansar, Adnan Ansariniya, Hossein Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Arefnezhad, Reza Arulappan, Judie Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Ashraf, Tahira Atata, Jamila Abdulhamid Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atlaw, Daniel Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Aujayeb, Avinash Awan, Asma Tahir Ayatollahi, Haleh Azadnajafabad, Sina Azzam, Ahmed Y. Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Bagherieh, Sara Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Berihun Bantie Barchitta, Martina Bardhan, Mainak Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn Barone-Adesi, Francesco Batra, Kavita Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew Behnoush, Amir Hossein Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal Bemanalizadeh, Maryam Bensenor, Isabela M. Beyene, Kebede A. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Bhat, Ajay Nagesh Bitaraf, Saeid Bitra, Veera R. Boloor, Archith Bora, Kaustubh Botelho, João Silva Buchbinder, Rachelle Calina, Daniela Cámera, Luis Alberto Carvalho, Andre F. Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chattu, Vijay Kumar Abebe, Endeshaw Chekol Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China Department of Medicine & Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Paediatrics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Pharmacy The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Nursing Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Orthopedic Surgery Harvard University Boston MA United States Postgraduate Medical Education Harvard University Boston MA United States Maternal Fetal Care Center Harvard University Boston MA United States Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology Harvard University Boston MA United States Division of General Internal Medicine Harvard University Boston MA United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Biotechnology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Immunology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Genetics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Functional Neuro

Background: The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Findings: In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. Interpretation: The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rh

关键词： Global burden of disease study Immune-mediated inflammatory disease Incidence Trend

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Proton emission in ultraperipheral Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV

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Physical Review C 2025年第5期111卷 054906-054906页

作者： S. Acharya A. Agarwal G. Aglieri Rinella L. Aglietta M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja A. Akindinov V. Akishina M. Al-Turany D. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda R. Alfaro Molina B. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme G. Alocco T. Alt A. R. Altamura I. Altsybeev J. R. Alvarado C. O. R. Alvarez M. N. Anaam C. Andrei N. Andreou A. Andronic E. Andronov V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser C. Arata S. Arcelli R. Arnaldi J. G. M. C. A. Arneiro I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus R. Averbeck D. Averyanov M. D. Azmi H. Baba A. Badalà J. Bae Y. Bae Y. W. Baek X. Bai R. Bailhache Y. Bailung R. Bala A. Baldisseri B. Balis Z. Banoo V. Barbasova F. Barile L. Barioglio M. Barlou B. Barman G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby E. Barreau V. Barret L. Barreto C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne D. Battistini B. Batyunya D. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie P. Becht D. Behera I. Belikov A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini R. Bellwied S. Belokurova L. G. E. Beltran Y. A. V. Beltran G. Bencedi A. Bensaoula S. Beole Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin B. Bhattacharjee L. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková A. P. Bigot A. Bilandzic A. Binoy G. Biro S. Biswas N. Bize J. T. Blair D. Blau M. B. Blidaru N. Bluhme C. Blume F. Bock T. Bodova J. Bok L. Boldizsár M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov A. G. Borquez Carcamo E. Botta Y. E. M. Bouziani D. C. Brandibur L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno V. D. Buchakchiev M. D. Buckland D. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino P. Buhler N. Burmasov Z. Buthelezi A. Bylinkin S. A. Bysiak J. C. Cabanillas Noris M. F. T. Cabrera H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho P. Camerini F. D. M. Canedo S. L. Cantway M. Carabas A. A. Carballo F. Carnesecchi R. Caron L. A. D. Carvalho J. Castillo Castellanos M. Castoldi F. Catalano S. Cattaruzzi R. Cerri I. Chakaberia P. Chakraborty S. Chandra Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN Turin Italy Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN Bologna Italy Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico University of Houston Houston Texas USA Sungkyunkwan University Suwon City Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany INFN Sezione di Bari Bari Italy Physik Department Technische Universität München Munich Germany High Energy Physics Group Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania University of Derby Derby United Kingdom Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA SUBATECH I

The first measurements of proton emission accompanied by neutron emission in the electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) of Pb208 nuclei in the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider are presented. The EMD protons and neutrons emitted at very forward rapidities are detected by the proton and neutron zero degree calorimeters of the ALICE experiment. The emission cross sections of zero, one, two, and three protons accompanied by at least one neutron were measured in ultraperipheral Pb208−Pb208 collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN=5.02TeV. The 0p and 3p cross sections are described by the RELDIS model within their measurement uncertainties, while the 1p and 2p cross sections are underestimated by the model by 17–25%. According to this model, these 0p, 1p, 2p, and 3p cross sections are associated, respectively, with the production of various isotopes of Pb, Tl, Hg, and Au in the EMD of Pb208. The cross sections of the emission of a single proton accompanied by the emission of one, two, or three neutrons in EMD were also measured. The data are significantly overestimated by the RELDIS model, which predicts that the (1p,1n), (1p,2n), and (1p,3n) cross sections are very similar to the cross sections for the production of the thallium isotopes Tl206,205,204.

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Galactic transient sources with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory

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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2025年第1期540卷 205–238页

作者： Abe, K Abe, S Abhir, J Abhishek, A Acero, F Acharyya, A Adam, R Aguasca-Cabot, A Agudo, I Aguirre-Santaella, A Alfaro, J Alfaro, R Alvarez-Crespo, N Alves Batista, R Amans, J-P Amato, E Ambrosi, G Ambrosino, F Angüner, E O Antonelli, L A Aramo, C Arcaro, C Arnesen, T T H Asano, K Ascasibar, Y Aschersleben, J Ashkar, H Augusto Stuani, L Baack, D Backes, M Balazs, C Balbo, M Baquero Larriva, A Barbosa Martins, V Barres de Almeida, U Barrio, J A Barrios-Jiménez, L Batković, I Batzofin, R Baxter, J Becerra González, J Becker Tjus, J Belmont, R Benbow, W Bernete, J Bernlöhr, K Berti, A Bertucci, B Beshley, V Bhattacharjee, P Bhattacharyya, S Bigongiari, C Bissaldi, E Blanch, O Blazek, J Bocchino, F Boisson, C Bolmont, J Bonnoli, G Bonollo, A Bordas, P Bosnjak, Z Bottacini, E Böttcher, M Bradascio, F Bronzini, E Brown, A M Brunelli, G Bulgarelli, A Burelli, I Burger-Scheidlin, C Burmistrov, L Burton, M Buscemi, M Cailleux, J Campoy-Ordaz, A Cantlay, B K Capasso, G Caproni, A Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R Caraveo, P Caroff, S Carosi, A Carosi, R Carquin, E Carrasco, M-S Cascone, E Cassol, F Castaldini, L Castrejon, N Castro-Tirado, A J Cerasole, D Ceribella, G Cerruti, M Chadwick, P M Chaty, S Chen, A W Chernyakova, M Chiavassa, A Chudoba, J Chytka, L Cicciari, G M Cifuentes, A Coimbra Araujo, C H Colapietro, M Conforti, V Contreras, J L Cortina, J Costa, A Costantini, H Cotter, G Cristofari, P Cuevas, O Curtis-Ginsberg, Z D’Aì, A D’Amico, G D’Ammando, F Dai, S Dazzi, F de Bony de Lavergne, M De Caprio, V De Cesare, G De Frondat Laadim, F de Gouveia Dal Pino, E M De Lotto, B De Lucia, M de Martino, D de Menezes, R de Naurois, M de Ona Wilhelmi, E de Souza, V del Peral, L del Valle, M V Delgado, C Dell’aiera, M Della Valle, M della Volpe, D Depaoli, D Devin, J Di Girolamo, T Di Piano, A Di Pierro, F Di Tria, R Di Venere, L Diebold, S Dignam, C Dima, R Dinesh, A Djuvsland, J Dominik, R M Dominis Prester, D Donini, A Dorner, D Dörner, J Doro, M Dubos, C Ducci, L Dwarkadas, V V Ebr, J Eckner, C Egberts, K Einecke, S Elsässer, D Emery Department of Physics Tokai University 4-1-1 Kita-Kaname Hiratsuka Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics Otto-Stern-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA) Sezione di Fisica Via Roma 56 I-53100 Siena Italy Université Paris-Saclay Université Paris Cité CEA CNRS AIM F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France FSLAC IRL 2009 CNRS/IAC E-38205 La Laguna Tenerife Spain University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Department of Physics and Astronomy Gallalee Hall Box 870324 Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0324 USA Université Côte d’Azur Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur CNRS Laboratoire Lagrange UF 06304 Nice France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet CNRS/IN2P3 École Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris F-91120 Palaiseau France Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Martí i Franquès 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n E-18008 Granada Spain Institute for Computational Cosmology and Department of Physics Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340 8331150 Santiago Chile Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Delegación Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico IPARCOS-UCM Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos and EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid E-28040 Madrid Spain Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC and Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/ Nicolás Cabrera 13-15 Campus de Cantoblanco UAM E-28049 Madrid Spain LUTH GEPI and LERMA Observatoire de Paris Université PSL Université Paris Cité CNRS 5 place Jules Janssen F-92190 Meudon France INAF – Osservatorio

A wide variety of Galactic sources show transient emission at soft and hard X-ray energies: low- and high-mass X-ray binaries containing compact objects, isolated neutron stars exhibiting extreme variability as magnetars as well as pulsar-wind nebulae. Although most of them can show emission up to MeV and/or GeV energies, many have not yet been detected in the TeV domain by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of detecting new Galactic transients with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) and the prospects for studying them with Target of Opportunity observations. We show that CTAO will likely detect new sources in the TeV regime, such as the massive microquasars in the Cygnus region, low-mass X-ray binaries with low-viewing angle, flaring emission from the Crab pulsar-wind nebula or other novae explosions, among others. Since some of these sources could also exhibit emission at larger time-scales, we additionally test their detectability at longer exposures. We finally discuss the multiwavelength synergies with other instruments and large astronomical facilities.

关键词： binaries: general stars: magnetars novae cataclysmic variables pulsars: general gamma-rays: general

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Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (vol 2, pg 144, 2021)

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021年第4期9卷 E408-E408页

作者： Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Biomedical Informatics Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute of Health Services Research Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia Brien Holden Vision Institute Sydney Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Ophthalmology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Health Services Management Department Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Department of Systems Populations and Leadership University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Medicine Sofia Ismail Memorial Medical Centre Bogura Bangladesh The Fred Hollows Foundation Sydney NSW Australia Berhan Public Health & Eye Care Consultancy Addis A

Hospital El Salvador: a novel paradigm of intensive care in response to COVID-19 in central America. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9: e241?42?In this Comment, the conflict of interest statement should have included the following: ?By virtue of their roles within a public hospital or the Ministry of Health, MB, LC, WH, and XS are government employees. The findings and conclusions in the Comment are only those of the authors.? This correction has been made as of Feb 26, 2021.

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Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars in the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run

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Astrophysical Journal 2025年第2期983卷 99-99页

作者： Abac, A.G. Abbott, R. Abouelfettouh, I. Acernese, F. Ackley, K. Adhicary, S. Adhikari, N. Adhikari, R.X. Adkins, V.K. Agarwal, D. Agathos, M. Aghaei Abchouyeh, M. Aguiar, O.D. Aguilar, I. Aiello, L. Ain, A. Ajith, P. Akutsu, T. Albanesi, S. Alfaidi, R.A. Al-Jodah, A. Alléné, C. Allocca, A. Al-Shammari, S. Altin, P.A. Alvarez-Lopez, S. Amato, A. Amez-Droz, L. Amorosi, A. Amra, C. Ananyeva, A. Anderson, S.B. Anderson, W.G. Andia, M. Ando, M. Andrade, T. Andres, N. Andrés-Carcasona, M. Andrić, T. Anglin, J. Ansoldi, S. Antelis, J.M. Antier, S. Aoumi, M. Appavuravther, E.Z. Appert, S. Apple, S.K. Arai, K. Araya, A. Araya, M.C. Areeda, J.S. Argianas, L. Aritomi, N. Armato, F. Arnaud, N. Arogeti, M. Aronson, S.M. Ashton, G. Aso, Y. Assiduo, M. Assis de Souza Melo, S. Aston, S.M. Astone, P. Attadio, F. Aubin, F. AultONeal, K. Avallone, G. Babak, S. Badaracco, F. Badger, C. Bae, S. Bagnasco, S. Bagui, E. Baier, J.G. Baiotti, L. Bajpai, R. Baka, T. Ball, M. Ballardin, G. Ballmer, S.W. Banagiri, S. Banerjee, B. Bankar, D. Baral, P. Barayoga, J.C. Barish, B.C. Barker, D. Barneo, P. Barone, F. Barr, B. Barsotti, L. Barsuglia, M. Barta, D. Bartoletti, A.M. Barton, M.A. Bartos, I. Basak, S. Basalaev, A. Bassiri, R. Basti, A. Bates, D.E. Bawaj, M. Baxi, P. Bayley, J.C. Baylor, A.C. Baynard, P.A. Bazzan, M. Bedakihale, V.M. Beirnaert, F. Bejger, M. Belardinelli, D. Bell, A.S. Benedetto, V. Benoit, W. Bentley, J.D. Ben Yaala, M. Bera, S. Berbel, M. Bergamin, F. Berger, B.K. Bernuzzi, S. Beroiz, M. Bersanetti, D. Bertolini, A. Betzwieser, J. Beveridge, D. Bevins, N. Bhandare, R. Bhardwaj, U. Bhatt, R. Bhattacharjee, D. Bhaumik, S. Bhowmick, S. Bianchi, A. Bilenko, I.A. Billingsley, G. Binetti, A. Bini, S. Birnholtz, O. Biscoveanu, S. Bisht, A. Bitossi, M. Bizouard, M.-A. Blackburn, J.K. Blagg, L.A. Blair, C.D. Blair, D.G. Bobba, F. Bode, N. Boileau, G. Boldrini, M. Bolingbroke, G.N. Bolliand, A. Bonavena, L.D. Bondarescu, R. Bondu, F. Bonilla, E. Bonilla, M.S. Bonino, A. Bonnand, R. Booker, P. Borchers, A. Boschi, V. Bose, S. Boss Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) Potsdam D-14476 Germany LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena 91125 CA United States LIGO Hanford Observatory Richland 99352 WA United States Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno Fisciano Salerno I-84084 Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Napoli I-80126 Italy University of Warwick Coventry CV 47AL United Kingdom The Pennsylvania State University University Park 16802 PA United States University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee 53201 WI United States Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA United States Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348 Belgium Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy Sejong University 209 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-747 South Korea Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São José dos Campos São Paulo 12227-010 Brazil Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States Università di Roma Tor Vergata Roma I-00133 Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata Roma I-00133 Italy Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Universiteit Antwerpen Antwerpen 2000 Belgium International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino Torino I-10125 Italy Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Jena D-07743 Germany Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino Torino I-10125 Italy SUPA University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ United Kingdom OzGrav University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 WA

Continuous gravitational waves (CWs) emission from neutron stars carries information about their internal structure and equation of state, and it can provide tests of general relativity. We present a search for CWs from a set of 45 known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run, known as O4a. We conducted a targeted search for each pulsar using three independent analysis methods considering single-harmonic and dual-harmonic emission models. We find no evidence of a CW signal in O4a data for both models and set upper limits on the signal amplitude and on the ellipticity, which quantifies the asymmetry in the neutron star mass distribution. For the single-harmonic emission model, 29 targets have the upper limit on the amplitude below the theoretical spin-down limit. The lowest upper limit on the amplitude is 6.4 × 10^-27 for the young energetic pulsar J0537-6910, while the lowest constraint on the ellipticity is 8.8 × 10^-9 for the bright nearby millisecond pulsar J0437-4715. Additionally, for a subset of 16 targets, we performed a narrowband search that is more robust regarding the emission model, with no evidence of a signal. We also found no evidence of nonstandard polarizations as predicted by the Brans-Dicke theory. © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第6期8卷 e363-e375页

作者： Sartorius, Benn VanderHeide, John D. Yang, Mingyou Goosmann, Erik A. Hon, Julia Haeuser, Emily Cork, Michael A. Perkins, Samantha Jahagirdar, Deepa Schaeffer, Lauren E. Serfes, Audrey L. LeGrand, Kate E. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abebo, Zeleke Hailemariam Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Akalu, Yonas Akinyemi, Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Aklilu, Addis Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Noore Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw Alanzi, Turki M. Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Tilahun Alipour, Vahid Amini, Saeed Ancuceanu, Robert Ansari, Fereshteh Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew Anvari, Davood Anwer, Razique Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Asemahagn, Mulusew A. Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asmare, Wondwossen Niguse Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din Baig, Atif Amin Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Basu, Sanjay Bayati, Mohsen Bedi, Neeraj Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bibi, Sadia Bikbov, Boris Birhan, Tsegaye Adane Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Bockarie, Moses John Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath Butt, Zahid A. Cárdenas, Rosario Carvalho, Felix Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Cook, Aubrey J. Cormier, Natalie Maria Cowden, Richard G. Culquichicon, Carlos Dagnew, Baye Dahlawi, Saad M.A. D Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom The George Institute for Global Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Insights Program Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle WA United States Global Programs Medical Teams International Seattle WA United States Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA United States Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Nursing Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Biomedical Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Brehan

Background: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique,

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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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Surveillance of avian influenza through bird guano in remote regions of the global south to uncover transmission dynamics

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 4900页

作者： Dhammika Leshan Wannigama Mohan Amarasiri Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen Cameron Hurst Charin Modchang John Jefferson V Besa Kazuhiko Miyanaga Longzhu Cui Stefan Fernandez Angkana T Huang Puey Ounjai W K C P Werawatte Ali Hosseini Rad S M Porames Vatanaprasan Dylan John Jay Thammakorn Saethang Sirirat Luk-In Phitsanuruk Kanthawee Wanwara Thuptimdang Ratana Tacharoenmuang Bernadina Cynthia S P H Spencer Vitharana Natharin Ngamwongsatit Hitoshi Ishikawa Takashi Furukawa Yangzhong Wang Andrew C Singer Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi Tanittha Chatsuwan Kazunari Sei Asuka Nanbo Asada Leelahavanichkul Talerngsak Kanjanabuch Hiroshi Hamamoto Paul G Higgins Daisuke Sano Anthony Kicic José O Valdebenito Jonas Bonnedahl Sam Trowsdale Parichart Hongsing Aisha Khatib Kenji Shibuya Shuichi Abe Department of Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital Yamagata Japan. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital Yamagata Japan. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences Kamiyanagi Yamagata Japan. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. The Lygodium Ceylon Health and Environmental Policy Research Center Colombo Sri Lanka. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA receiving countries The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital Yamagata Japan. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi Japan. Faculty of Health Science Technology Chulabhorn Royal Academy Bangkok Thailand. HRH Princess Chulabhorn Disaster and Emergency Medicine Center Chulabhorn Royal Academy Bangkok Thailand. Department of Clinical Epidemiology Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University Rangsit Thailand. Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology Thammasat University Rangsit Thailand. Mater Research Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia. Biophysics Group Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand. Centre of Excellence in Mathematics MHESI Bangkok Thailand. Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics Ministry of Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Bangkok Thailand. Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital Yamagata Japan. Co

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose a growing global health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where limited surveillance capacity and under-resourced healthcare systems hinder timely detection and response. Migratory birds play a significant role in the transboundary spread of AIVs, yet data from key regions along migratory flyways remain sparse. To address these surveillance gaps, we conducted a study between December 2021 and February 2023 using fresh bird guano collected across 10 countries in the Global South. Here, we show that remote, uninhabited regions in previously unsampled areas harbor a high diversity of AIV strains, with H5N1 emerging as the most prevalent. Some of these H5N1 samples also carry mutations that may make them less responsive to the antiviral drug oseltamivir. Our findings documented the presence of AIVs in several underrepresented regions and highlighted critical transmission hotspots where viral evolution may be accelerating. These results underscore the urgent need for geographically targeted surveillance to detect emerging variants, inform public health interventions, and reduce the risk of zoonotic spillover.

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