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Crystalline phase discriminating neutron tomography using advanced reconstruction methods

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ametova, Evelina Burca, Genoveva Chilingaryan, Suren Fardell, Gemma Jørgensen, Jakob S. Papoutsellis, Evangelos Pasca, Edoardo Warr, Ryan Turner, Martin Lionheart, William R.B. Withers, Philip J. Henry Royce Institute Department of Materials The University of Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom Laboratory for Application of Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source STFC UKRI Rutherford Appleton Laboratory United Kingdom Department of Mathematics The University of Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom Institute for Data Processing and Electronics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Scientific Computing Department STFC UKRI Rutherford Appleton Laboratory United Kingdom Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Denmark Research IT Services The University of Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom

Time-of-flight neutron imaging offers complementary attenuation contrast to X-ray computed tomography (CT), coupled with the ability to extract additional information from the variation in attenuation as a function of neutron energy (time of flight) at every point (voxel) in the image. In particular Bragg edge positions provide crystallographic information and therefore enable the identification of crystalline phases directly. Here we demonstrate Bragg edge tomography with high spatial and spectral resolution. We propose a new iterative tomographic reconstruction method with a tailored regularisation term to achieve high quality reconstruction from low-count data, where conventional filtered back-projection (FBP) fails. The regularisation acts in a separated mode for spatial and spectral dimensions and favours characteristic piece-wise constant and piecewise smooth behaviour in the respective dimensions. The proposed method is compared against FBP and a state-of-the-art regulariser for multi-channel tomography on a multi-material phantom. The proposed new regulariser which accommodates specific image properties outperforms both conventional and state-of-the-art methods and therefore facilitates Bragg edge fitting at the voxel level. The proposed method requires significantly shorter exposure to retrieve features of interest. This in turn facilitates more efficient usage of expensive neutron beamline time and enables the full utilisation of state-of-the-art high resolution detectors. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Iterative methods

Infrared small-dim target detection with transformer under complex backgrounds

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Liu, Fangcen Gao, Chenqiang Chen, Fang Meng, Deyu Zuo, Wangmeng Gao, Xinbo The School of Communication and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing400065 China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing400065 China The Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California California90089 United States School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi’an Jiaotong University Shanxi Xi’an710049 China Macau Institute of Systems Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa999078 China School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Techonlogy Heilongjiang Harbin47822 China

The infrared small-dim target detection is one of the key techniques in the infrared search and tracking system. Since the local regions similar to infrared small-dim targets spread over the whole background, exploring the interaction information amongst image features in large-range dependencies to mine the difference between the target and background is crucial for robust detection. However, existing deep learning-based methods are limited by the locality of convolutional neural networks, which impairs the ability to capture large-range dependencies. Additionally, the small-dim appearance of the infrared target makes the detection model highly possible to miss detection. To this end, we propose a robust and general infrared small-dim target detection method with the transformer. We adopt the self-attention mechanism of the transformer to learn the interaction information of image features in a larger range. Moreover, we design a feature enhancement module to learn discriminative features of small-dim targets to avoid miss detection. After that, to avoid the loss of the target information, we adopt a decoder with the U-Net-like skip connection operation to contain more information of small-dim targets. Finally, we get the detection result by a segmentation head. Extensive experiments on two public datasets show the obvious superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art methods and the proposed method has stronger cross-scene generalization and anti-noise performance. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

Fractal-scaling non-parametric processing of spatial-temporal flow of real polarimetric information in the radio systems

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Fractal-scaling non-parametric processing of spatial-tempora...

2019 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Automation and Systems, ICICAS 2019

作者： Potapov, Alexander A. Liu, Weiping German, Vitaliy A. Feng, Tianhua Rekhviashvili, Sergo Sh. V.A. kotel'Nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia JNU-IREE RAS Joint Laboratory of Information Techniques and Fractal Signal Processing Jinan University Guangzhou China Department of Electronic Engineering College of Information Science and Technology Jinan University Guangzhou China Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics Institute of Applied Mathematics and Automation KBSC RAS Nalchik Russia

ISBN: (数字)9781728161068

ISBN: (纸本)9781728161068

关键词： Fractals

DeePMD-kit v3: A Multiple-Backend Framework for Machine Learning Potentials

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zeng, Jinzhe Zhang, Duo Peng, Anyang Zhang, Xiangyu He, Sensen Wang, Yan Liu, Xinzijian Bi, Hangrui Li, Yifan Cai, Chun Zhang, Chengqian Du, Yiming Zhu, Jia-Xin Mo, Pinghui Huang, Zhengtao Zeng, Qiyu Shi, Shaochen Qin, Xuejian Yu, Zhaoxi Luo, Chenxing Ding, Ye Liu, Yun-Pei Shi, Ruosong Wang, Zhenyu Bore, Sigbjørn Løland Chang, Junhan Deng, Zhe Ding, Zhaohan Han, Siyuan Jiang, Wanrun Ke, Guolin Liu, Zhaoqing Lu, Denghui Muraoka, Koki Oliaei, Hananeh Singh, Anurag Kumar Que, Haohui Xu, Weihong Xu, Zhangmancang Zhuang, Yong-Bin Dai, Jiayu Giese, Timothy J. Jia, Weile Xu, Ben York, Darrin M. Zhang, Linfeng Wang, Han School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Unversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei China AI for Science Institute Beijing100080 China DP Technology Beijing100080 China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing100871 China State Key Lab of Processors Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100871 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Baidu Inc. Beijing China Department of Computer Science University of Toronto TorontoON Canada Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100871 China State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces iChEM College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China College of Integrated Circuits Hunan University Changsha410082 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Center for Smart Materials and Device Integration School of Material Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China College of Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Hunan Key Laboratory of Extreme Matter and Applications National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China ByteDance Research Beijing100098 China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo315201 China College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Department of Geosciences Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States IKKEM Fujian Xiamen361005 China Graduate

In recent years, machine learning potentials (MLPs) have become indispensable tools in physics, chemistry, and materials science, driving the development of software packages for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and related applications. These packages, typically built on specific machine learning frameworks such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, or JAX, face integration challenges when advanced applications demand communication across different frameworks. The previous TensorFlow-based implementation of DeePMD-kit exemplified these limitations. In this work, we introduce DeePMD-kit version 3, a significant update featuring a multi-backend framework that supports TensorFlow, PyTorch, JAX, and PaddlePaddle backends, and demonstrate the versatility of this architecture through the integration of other MLPs packages and of Differentiable Molecular Force Field. This architecture allows seamless backend switching with minimal modifications, enabling users and developers to integrate DeePMD-kit with other packages using different machine learning frameworks. This innovation facilitates the development of more complex and interoperable workflows, paving the way for broader applications of MLPs in scientific research. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecular dynamics

Benchmarking quality-dependent and cost-sensitive score-level multimodal biometric fusion algorithms

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Poh, Norman Bourlai, Thirimachos Kittler, Josef Allano, Lorene Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando Ambekar, Onkar Baker, John Dorizzi, Bernadette Fatukasi, Omolara Fierrez, Julian Ganster, Harald Ortega-Garcia, Javier Maurer, Donald Salah, Albert Ali Scheidat, Tobias Vielhauer, Claus Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing School of Electronics and Physical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford SurreyGU2 7XH United Kingdom Biometrics Center Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering College of Engineering and Mineral Resources West Virginia University MorgantownWV26506-6109 United States Institut Telecom Telecom and Management SudParis Evry91011 France Biometric Recognition Group – ATVS Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid28049 Spain Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University LaurelMD20723 United States Electronics and Physics Department Institut Telecom Telecom and Management SudParis Evry91011 France Institute of Digital Image Processing Joanneum Research Graz8010 Austria ISLA-ISIS University of Amsterdam Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Department of Informatics and Media Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg an der HavelD-14770 Germany Research Group Multimedia and Security Department of Technical and Business Information Systems Faculty of Computer Science Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg MagdeburgD-39106 Germany

Automatically verifying the identity of a person by means of biometrics (e.g., face and fingerprint) is an important application in our day-to-day activities such as accessing banking services and security control in airports. To increase the system reliability, several biometric devices are often used. Such a combined system is known as a multimodal biometric system. This paper reports a benchmarking study carried out within the framework of the BioSecure DS2 (Access Control) evaluation campaign organized by the University of Surrey, involving face, fingerprint, and iris biometrics for person authentication, targeting the application of physical access control in a medium-size establishment with some 500 persons. While multimodal biometrics is a well-investigated subject in the literature, there exists no benchmark for a fusion algorithm comparison. Working towards this goal, we designed two sets of experiments: quality-dependent and cost-sensitive evaluation. The quality-dependent evaluation aims at assessing how well fusion algorithms can perform under changing quality of raw biometric images principally due to change of devices. The cost-sensitive evaluation, on the other hand, investigates how well a fusion algorithm can perform given restricted computation and in the presence of software and hardware failures, resulting in errors such as failure-to-acquire and failure-to-match. Since multiple capturing devices are available, a fusion algorithm should be able to handle this nonideal but nevertheless realistic scenario. In both evaluations, each fusion algorithm is provided with scores from each biometric comparison subsystem as well as the quality measures of both the template and the query data. The response to the call of the evaluation campaign proved very encouraging, with the submission of 22 fusion systems. To the best of our knowledge, this campaign is the first attempt to benchmark quality-based multimodal fusion algorithms. In the presence of changing

关键词： Benchmarking

Efficient MedSAMs: Segment Anything in Medical Images on Laptop

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ma, Jun Li, Feifei Kim, Sumin Asakereh, Reza Le, Bao-Hiep Nguyen-Vu, Dang-Khoa Pfefferle, Alexander Wei, Muxin Gao, Ruochen Lyu, Donghang Yang, Songxiao Purucker, Lennart Marinov, Zdravko Staring, Marius Lu, Haisheng Dao, Thuy Thanh Ye, Xincheng Li, Zhi Brugnara, Gianluca Vollmuth, Philipp Foltyn-Dumitru, Martha Cho, Jaeyoung Mahmutoglu, Mustafa Ahmed Bendszus, Martin Pflüger, Irada Rastogi, Aditya Ni, Dong Yang, Xin Zhou, Guang-Quan Wang, Kaini Heller, Nicholas Papanikolopoulos, Nikolaos Weight, Christopher Tong, Yubing Udupa, Jayaram K. Patrick, Cahill J. Wang, Yaqi Zhang, Yifan Contijoch, Francisco McVeigh, Elliot Ye, Xin He, Shucheng Haase, Robert Pinetz, Thomas Radbruch, Alexander Krause, Inga Kobler, Erich He, Jian Tang, Yucheng Yang, Haichun Huo, Yuankai Luo, Gongning Kushibar, Kaisar Amankulov, Jandos Toleshbayev, Dias Mukhamejan, Amangeldi Egger, Jan Pepe, Antonio Gsaxner, Christina Luijten, Gijs Fujita, Shohei Kikuchi, Tomohiro Wiestler, Benedikt Kirschke, Jan S. de la Rosa, Ezequiel Bolelli, Federico Lumetti, Luca Grana, Costantino Xie, Kunpeng Wu, Guomin Puladi, Behrus Martín-Isla, Carlos Lekadir, Karim Campello, Victor M. Shao, Wei Brisbane, Wayne Jiang, Hongxu Wei, Hao Yuan, Wu Li, Shuangle Zhou, Yuyin Wang, Bo AI Collaborative Centre University Health Network Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Vector Institute Toronto Canada Peter Munk Cardiac Centre University Health Network Toronto Canada Toronto General Hospital Research Institute University Health Network Department of Computer Science University of Toronto University Health Network Vector Institute Toronto Canada University of Science Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Institute of Computer Science University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany School of Medicine and Health Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Division of Image Processing Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands Department of System and Control Engineering School of Engineering Institute of Science Tokyo Formerly Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Queensland Brisbane Australia School of Cyberspace Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI The Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Bonn Germany Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI The Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Bonn Germany Department of Neuroradiology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Bonn Germany School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China Department of Urology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland United States Department of Computer Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis United St

Promptable segmentation foundation models have emerged as a transformative approach to addressing the diverse needs in medical images, but most existing models require expensive computing, posing a big barrier to their adoption in clinical practice. In this work, we organized the first international competition dedicated to promptable medical image segmentation, featuring a large-scale dataset spanning nine common imaging modalities from over 20 different institutions. The top teams developed lightweight segmentation foundation models and implemented an efficient inference pipeline that substantially reduced computational requirements while maintaining state-of-the-art segmentation accuracy. Moreover, the post-challenge phase advanced the algorithms through the design of performance booster and reproducibility tasks, resulting in improved algorithms and validated reproducibility of the winning solution. Furthermore, the best-performing algorithms have been incorporated into the open-source software with a user-friendly interface to facilitate clinical adoption. The data and code are publicly available to foster the further development of medical image segmentation foundation models and pave the way for impactful real-world applications. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Open source software

Application of Fractional Calculus for Impact Oscillator Modeling

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Application of Fractional Calculus for Impact Oscillator Mod...

International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Automation and Systems (ICICAS)

作者： Sergo Rekhviashvili Arsen Pskhu A.А. Potapov Tianhua Feng Viktor Narozhnov Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics Institute of Applied Mathematics and Automation KBSC RAS Nalchik Russia JNU-IREE RAS Joint Laboratory of Information Techniques and Fractal Signal Processing Jinan University Guangzhou China Department of Fractional Calculus Institute of Applied Mathematics and Automation KBSC RAS Nalchik Russia Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics Moscow Russia Department of Electronic Engineering College of Information Science and Technology Jinan University Guangzhou China Laboratory of Measurement Automation Institute of Applied Mathematics and Automation KBSC RAS Nalchiky Russia

A new theoretical model for describing an impact oscillator that is based on the use of a fractional derivative is constructed. The acoustic signals that occur when the probe strikes the surface of metals are experime... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781728161068

ISBN: (纸本)9781728161075

关键词： fractional calculus impact oscillator damped vibrations energy dissipation mathematical modeling natural experiment Fractional calculus mathematical modeling Energy dissipation audio signals Oscillators

A review of uncertainty quantification in deep learning: Techniques, applications and challenges

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Abdar, Moloud Pourpanah, Farhad Hussain, Sadiq Rezazadegan, Dana Liu, Li Ghavamzadeh, Mohammad Fieguth, Paul Cao, Xiaochun Khosravi, Abbas Rajendra Acharya, U. Makarenkov, Vladimir Nahavandi, Saeid Deakin University Australia College of Mathematics and Statistics Guangdong Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh India Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Australia Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis University of Oulu Oulu Finland Google research United States Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Ngee Ann Polytechnic Clementi Singapore Department of Computer Science University of Quebec in Montreal MontrealQC Canada

—Uncertainty quantification (UQ) plays a pivotal role in the reduction of uncertainties during both optimization and decision making, applied to solve a variety of real-world applications in science and engineering. Bayesian approximation and ensemble learning techniques are two of the most widely-used UQ methods in the literature. In this regard, researchers have proposed different UQ methods and examined their performance in a variety of applications such as computer vision (e.g., self-driving cars and object detection), image processing (e.g., image restoration), medical image analysis (e.g., medical image classification and segmentation), natural language processing (e.g., text classification, social media texts and recidivism risk-scoring), bioinformatics, etc. This study reviews recent advances in UQ methods used in deep learning, investigates the application of these methods in reinforcement learning, and highlight the fundamental research challenges and directions associated with the UQ field. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image segmentation

OCTAVA: An open-source toolbox for quantitative analysis of optical coherence tomography angiography images

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Untracht, Gavrielle R. Matos, Rolando Dikaios, Nikolaos Bapir, Mariam Durrani, Abdullah K. Butsabong, Teemapron Campagnolo, Paola Sampson, David D. Heiss, Christian Sampson, Danuta M. Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory School of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway PerthWA6009 Australia Surrey Biophotonics Advanced Technology Institute School of Physics School of Biosciences and Medicine University of Surrey Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom Department of Biochemical Sciences Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine School of Biosciences and Medicine University of Surrey Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom Mathematics Research Center Academy of Athens Athens106 79 Greece Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust East Surrey Hospital Surrey RedhillRH1 5RH United Kingdom Surrey Biophotonics Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing School of Biosciences and Medicine The University of Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) performs non-invasive visualization and characterization of microvasculature in research and clinical applications mainly in ophthalmology and dermatology. A wide variety of instruments, imaging protocols, processing methods and metrics have been used to describe the microvasculature, such that comparing different study outcomes is currently not feasible. With the goal of contributing to standardization of OCTA data analysis, we report a user-friendly, open-source toolbox, OCTAVA (OCTA Vascular Analyzer), to automate the pre-processing, segmentation, and quantitative analysis of en face OCTA maximum intensity projection images in a standardized workflow. We present each analysis step, including optimization of filtering and choice of segmentation algorithm, and definition of metrics. We perform quantitative analysis of OCTA images from different commercial and non-commercial instruments and samples and show OCTAVA can accurately and reproducibly determine metrics for characterization of microvasculature. Wide adoption could enable studies and aggregation of data on a scale sufficient to develop reliable microvascular biomarkers for early detection, and to guide treatment, of microvascular disease. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Optical tomography