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The Immense Impact of Reverse Edges on Large Hierarchical Networks

engineering 2024年第5期36卷 240-249页

作者： Haosen Cao Bin-Bin Hu Xiaoyu Mo Duxin Chen Jianxi Gao Ye Yuan Guanrong Chen Tamás Vicsek Xiaohong Guan Hai-Tao Zhang MOE Engineering Research Center of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologySchool of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Networked Collective Intelligence School of MathematicsSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Department of Computer Science Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Biological Physics Eötvös UniversityBudapest 1117Hungary MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security School of Automation Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Hierarchical networks are frequently encountered in animal groups,gene networks,and artificial engineering systems such as multiple robots,unmanned vehicle systems,smart grids,wind farm networks,and so *** structure of a large directed hierarchical network is often strongly influenced by reverse edges from lower-to higher-level nodes,such as lagging birds’howl in a flock or the opinions of lowerlevel individuals feeding back to higher-level ones in a social *** study reveals that,for most large-scale real hierarchical networks,the majority of the reverse edges do not affect the synchronization process of the entire network;the synchronization process is influenced only by a small part of these reverse edges along specific *** surprisingly,a single effective reverse edge can slow down the synchronization of a huge hierarchical network by over 60%.The effect of such edges depends not on the network size but only on the average in-degree of the involved *** overwhelming majority of active reverse edges turn out to have some kind of“bunching”effect on the information flows of hierarchical networks,which slows down synchronization *** finding refines the current understanding of the role of reverse edges in many natural,social,and engineering hierarchical networks,which might be beneficial for precisely tuning the synchronization rhythms of these *** study also proposes an effective way to attack a hierarchical network by adding a malicious reverse edge to it and provides some guidance for protecting a network by screening out the specific small proportion of vulnerable nodes.

关键词： Synchronizability Large hierarchical networks Reverse edges Information flows Complex networks

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Improving Small License Plate Detection with Bidirectional Vehicle-Plate Relation 1

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30th International Conference on MultiMedia Modeling, MMM 2024

作者： Dai, Songkang Chen, Song-Lu Liu, Qi Zhu, Chao Liu, Yan Chen, Feng Yin, Xu-Cheng School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China Key Laboratory of Knowledge Automation for Industrial Processes of Ministry of Education School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China EEasy Technology Company Ltd. Zhuhai China

ISBN: (数字)9783031533082

ISBN: (纸本)9783031533075

License plate detection is a critical component of license plate recognition systems. A challenge in this domain is detecting small license plates captured at a considerable distance. Previous researchers have proved that pre-detecting the vehicle can enhance small license plate detection. However, this approach only utilizes the one-way relation that the presence of a vehicle can enhance license plate detection, potentially resulting in error accumulation if the vehicle fails to be detected. To address this issue, we propose a unified network that can simultaneously detect the vehicle and the license plate while establishing bidirectional relationships between them. The proposed network can utilize the vehicle to enhance small license plate detection and reduce error accumulation when the vehicle fails to be detected. Extensive experiments on the SSIG-SegPlate, AOLP, and CRPD datasets prove our method achieves state-of-the-art detection performance, achieving an average detection AP0.5 of 99.5% on these three datasets, especially for small license plates. When incorporating a license plate recognizer that relies on character detection, we can achieve an average recognition accuracy of 95.9%, surpassing all comparative methods. Moreover, we have manually annotated the vehicles within the CRPD dataset and have made these annotations publicly available at https://***/kiki00007/CRPDV. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： License plates (automobile)

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pFedCal: Lightweight Personalized Federated Learning With Adaptive Calibration Strategy

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IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 2025年第3期18卷 1627-1640页

作者： Deng, Dongshang Wu, Xuangou Zhang, Tao Xiang, Chaocan Zhao, Wei Xu, Minrui Kang, Jiawen Han, Zhu Niyato, Dusit Chongqing University College of Computer Science Chongqing400044 China Anhui University of Technology Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Twin Technology in Metallurgical Industry School of Computer Science and Technology Ma’anshan243002 China Beijing Jiaotong University School of Cyberspace Science and Technology Beijing100044 China Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering 639798 Singapore Guangdong University of Technology School of Automation Guangzhou510062 China University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

Federated learning (FL) is a promising artificial intelligence framework that enables clients to collectively train models with data privacy. However, in real-world scenarios, to construct practical FL frameworks, several challenges have to be addressed, including statistical heterogeneity, constrained resources, and fairness. Therefore, we first investigate an aggregation gap caused by statistical heterogeneity during local model initialization, which not only causes additional computational overhead for clients but also leads to the degradation of fairness. To bridge this gap, we propose pFedCal, a novel personalized federated learning with lightweight adaptive calibration strategy that performs calibration compensation through the prior knowledge of clients. Specifically, we introduce compensation for each client at the model initialization, with the compensation derived from the global gradient and the latest gradient bias. To enhance the calibration effect, we introduce a smoothing-based calibration strategy, and we design an adaptive calibration strategy. A representative example demonstrates that the proposed calibration and smoothing strategies improve fairness for clients. The theoretical analysis indicates that with an appropriate learning rate, pFedCal converges to a first-order stationary point for non-convex loss functions. Comprehensive experimental results show that pFedCal achieves faster convergence, higher accuracy, and improved fairness than the state-of-the-art methods. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Global practical stabilization of the double integrator system with an imperfect sensor and subject to a bounded disturbance

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第3期22卷 468-478页

作者： Zhiyuan Zhu Yuanlong Li Zongli Lin Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong Universityand Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing of Ministry of EducationShanghai 200240China Charles L.Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of VirginiaP.0.Box 400743CharlottesvilleVA 22904-4743USA

This paper is concerned with global practical stabilization of the double integrator system with an imperfect sensor and subject to an additive bounded output *** imperfect sensor nonlinearity possesses the nonlinear characteristics of saturation and dead *** of the presence of output dead zone and the additive disturbance,the states cannot be expected to driven into an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the *** solve the global practical stabilization problem,we proposes a low gain-based linear dynamic output feedback law,under which the first state enters and remains in a bounded set whose size is depended on the bound of disturbance and the range of dead zone and the second state enters and remains in a pre-specified arbitrarily small set,both in finite *** results illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed control method.

关键词： Output saturation Disturbance rejection Output dead zone Low gain feedback-Linear output feedback Practical stabilization

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Thermal Dynamic Embedded Contingency Analysis for Heat-electrical Integrated Energy System

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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2024年第3期16卷 1518-1530页

作者： Guan, Aobo Zhou, Suyang Gu, Wei Lu, Shuai Zhao, Alexis Pengfei Zhang, Xiao-Ping Southeast University School of Electrical Engineering Nanjing210096 China Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Beijing100190 China University of Birmingham School of Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom

To address security challenges in Heat-Electrical Integrated Energy Systems (HE-IES), this paper introduces a simulation-based contingency analysis method aimed at identifying potentially threatening faults. We begin by modeling common faults in HE-IES and outlining a comprehensive procedure for simulation-based contingency analysis. Next, we analyze the factors determining temperature drop in the heat medium transfer process and propose a novel analytical-numerical method for thermal dynamic simulation. Real-world experimental results demonstrate that, compared to existing methods, the proposed approach stands out in eliminating numerical dispersion and reducing simulation time by 81.7% while maintaining accuracy, making it particularly effective for HE-IES contingency analysis where solution efficiency is crucial. Subsequently, the proposed contingency analysis method is applied to a 49-node testbed to explore fault propagation mechanism across subsystems. The result reveals that faults originating from the power system and combined heat and power units can cause cascading effects, leading to severe impacts on power supply and heating temperatures. In contrast, faults from the heating system tend to propagate in a less complicated manner but pose a greater risk to the hydraulic system. To mitigate fault propagation, we recommend enhanced monitoring of the operational status of coupling equipment, which plays a critical role in ensuring HE-IES security. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Thermal modeling

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Effect of loads on temperature distribution characteristics of oil-immersed transformer winding

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Distributed Generation and Alternative Energy Journal 2022年第2期37卷 237-254页

作者： Zhao, Zhengang Jiang, Zhangnan Li, Yang Li, Chuan Zhang, Dacheng Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650000 China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Computer Technology Applications Kunming650000 China

The temperature of the hot-spots on windings is a crucial factor that can limit the overload capacity of the transformer. Few studies consider the impact of the load on the hot-spot when studying the hot-spot temperature and its location. In this paper, a thermal circuit model based on the thermoelectric analogy method is built to simulate the transformer winding and transformer oil temperature distribution. The hot-spot temperature and its location under different loads are qualitatively analyzed, and the hot-spot location is analyzed and compared to the experimental results. The results show that the hot-spot position on the winding under the rated power appears at 85.88% of the winding height, and the hot-spot position of the winding moves down by 5% in turn at 1.3, 1.48, and 1.73 times the rated power respectively. © 2021 River Publishers

关键词： Temperature distribution

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Non-Line-of-Sight Multipath Classification Method for BDS Using Convolutional Sparse Autoencoder with LSTM

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2025年第1期30卷 68-86页

作者： Yahang Qin Zhenni Li Shengli Xie Bo Li Ming Liu Victor Kuzin School of Automation Guangdong University of Technologyand also with Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete ManufacturingGuangzhou 510006China School of Automation Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of IoT Information TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China 111 Center for Intelligent Batch Manufacturing Based on IoT Technology Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and System Integration of IoTMinistry of EducationGuangzhou 510006China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologHong Kong 999077China Academician of Russian Engineering Academy Moscow Moscow 125009Russia

Multipath signal recognition is crucial to the ability to provide high-precision absolute-position services by the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS).However,most existing approaches to this issue involve supervised machine learning(ML)methods,and it is difficult to move to unsupervised multipath signal recognition because of the limitations in signal *** by an autoencoder with powerful unsupervised feature extraction,we propose a new deep learning(DL)model for BDS signal recognition that places a long short-term memory(LSTM)module in series with a convolutional sparse autoencoder to create a new autoencoder ***,we propose to capture the temporal correlations in long-duration BeiDou satellite time-series signals by using the LSTM module to mine the temporal change patterns in the time ***,we develop a convolutional sparse autoencoder method that learns a compressed representation of the input data,which then enables downscaled and unsupervised feature extraction from long-duration BeiDou satellite series ***,we add an l_(1/2) regularizer to the objective function of our DL model to remove redundant neurons from the neural network while ensuring recognition *** tested our proposed approach on a real urban canyon dataset,and the results demonstrated that our algorithm could achieve better classification performance than two ML-based methods(e.g.,11%better than a support vector machine)and two existing DL-based methods(e.g.,7.26%better than convolutional neural networks).

关键词： convolutional sparse autoencoder BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS) long short-term memory(LSTM) multipath classification

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A novel strategy for sparse attack detection and localization in secure state estimation of power systems

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Electric Power Systems Research 2025年 248卷

作者： Samimiat, Marzieh Ahmadi, Ali-Akbar Nateghi, Abolfazl Kelarestaghi, Manoochehr Industrial Automation laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Kharazmi University Tehran Iran Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Kharazmi University Tehran Iran

In this paper, problem of secure state estimation in power systems in the presence of sparse attack is investigated. Using secure measurements technique for the first time, the required secure measurements are determined for each sparse attack. In the proposed scheme, it is not necessary that all measurements be encoded or transmitted in a dedicated communication channels such as fiber optic links. Therefore, implementation of it is cost-effective. Using the secure measurements technique, modified measurement Jacobian matrices are obtained and then modified residual vectors are designed. The residual vectors are designed such that only one detector is reacted to the specific sparse attack, so attacks are localized. The design procedure is based on a simple search which can be done easily and in a fast manner even for the large power systems. Due to the fact that the exact location of the attack in the power system is identified (measurements under the sparse attack), an algorithm is proposed that obtains the correct state estimation. The simulation results on the IEEE-14 bus power system are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. © 2025

关键词： Bad data detection algorithms Consistent set Detection and localization Minimum sparse attack Similar sparse attack set

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Optimal Formation Control for Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems With Obstacle Avoidance

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第2期10卷 563-565页

作者： Jiaxin Zhang Wei Liu Yongming Li the State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110000China the School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110000China IEEE the College of Science Liaoning University of TechnologyJinzhou 121001China

Dear Editor,The optimal formation control design problem is studied for a class of second-order multi-agent systems(MASs) with obstacle *** on the actor-critic framework, an optimized formation controller is proposed by constructing a novel performance index function. Furthermore, the stability of MAS is proved by constructing the Lyapunov function. The simulation results are provided to depict the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.

关键词： function agent constructing

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AggFollower: Aggressiveness Informed Car-Following Modeling

IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 2024年 1-15页

作者： Chen, Xianda Yuan, Xinyi Zhu, Meixin Zheng, Xinhu Shen, Shaojie Wang, Xuesong Wang, Yinhai Wang, Fei-Yue Guangzhou China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China School of Transportation Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Car-following is the most common driving scenario where a following vehicle follows a lead vehicle in the same lane. One crucial factor of car-following behavior is driving style which affects speed and gap selection, acceleration pattern, and fuel consumption. However, existing car-following research used limited categories of driving style through pre-defined patterns and failed to encode driving style into data-driven car-following models. To address these limitations, we propose the Aggressiveness Informed Car-Following (AICF) modeling approach, which embeds driving style as a dynamic input feature in data-driven car-following models. In detail, We design driving aggressiveness tokens using four physical quantities (jerk, acceleration, relative speed, and relative spacing) to capture the heterogeneity of driving aggressiveness. These tokens were then embedded into a physics-informed Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based car-following model for trajectory prediction. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted extensive experiments based on 12,540 car-following events extracted from the HighD dataset and 24,093 events from the Lyft dataset. Compared to models devoid of considerations for driving aggressiveness levels, AICF exhibits superior efficacy in mitigating the Mean Square Error (MSE) of spacing and collision rate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to directly incorporate real-time driving aggressiveness tokens as input features into data-driven car-following models, enabling a more comprehensive understanding of aggressiveness in car-following behavior. IEEE

关键词： Long short-term memory

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