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23rd IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, TrustCom 2024

作者： Zhang, Xinrui Zhao, Pincan Jaskolka, Jason Carleton University Department of Systems and Computer Engineering OttawaK1S 5B6 Canada Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xi'an710071 China Carleton University School of Information Technology OttawaK1S 5B6 Canada

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) can improve their perception by integrating data from roadside sensors. However, ensuring secure authentication between CAVs and sensors is challenging due to the limited capabilities of sensors and the growing number of vehicles. This paper introduces a secure authentication protocol that enables direct communication between CAVs and roadside sensors, addressing a critical gap in existing research focused on vehicle-to-cloud authentication. The proposed multi-factor authentication scheme combines password, biometric, and device-specific factors with Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and efficient key agreement protocols. A comprehensive adversary model tailored for vehicular networks is presented, along with an in-depth security analysis demonstrating the scheme's resilience against various threats. The cloud-assisted authentication framework offloads computationally intensive tasks to the cloud server, reducing the burden on resource-constrained Roadside Units (RSUs) and ensuring scalability. Extensive performance evaluations showcase the scheme's computational efficiency, low communication overhead, and storage costs compared to state-of-the-art solutions, highlighting its practical feasibility and potential for real-world deployment in intelligent transportation systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Unlocking Mode Programming with Multi-Plane Light Conversion Using computer-Generated Hologram Optimisation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Rothe, Stefan Barbosa, Fabio Czarske, Jürgen W. Ferreira, Filipe M. Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Optical Networks Dept Electronic & Electrical Eng University College London United Kingdom TU Dresden Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique Dresden01062 Germany TU Dresden Faculty of Physics Dresden01062 Germany

Programmable optical devices provide performance enhancement and flexibility to spatial multiplexing systems enabling transmission of tributaries in high-order eigenmodes of spatially-diverse transmission media, like multimode fibre (MMF). Wavefront shaping with spatial light modulators (SLMs) facilitates scalability of the transmission media by allowing for channel diagonalization and quasi-single-input single-output operation. Programmable mode multiplexing configurations like multi-plane light conversion (MPLC) utilise the SLM and offer the potential to simultaneously launch an arbitrary subset of spatial tributaries in any N-mode MMF. Such programmable optical processor would enable the throughput of space-division multiplexing (SDM) systems to be progressively increased by addressing a growing number of tributaries over one MMF and in this way meet a growing traffic demand – similarly to the wavelength-division multiplexing evolution path. Conventionally, MPLC phasemasks are calculated using the wavefront matching algorithm (WMA). However, this method does not exploit the full potential of programmable mode multiplexers. We show, that computer-generated hologram algorithms like direct search enable significant improvement compared to the traditional WMA-approach. Such gains are enabled by tailored cost functions with dynamic constraints concerning insertion loss as well as mode extinction ratio. We show that average mode extinction ratio can be greatly improved by as much as ≈ 15 dB at the expense of insertion loss deterioration of © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Light modulators

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Research on Security of Key Algorithms in Intelligent Driving System

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2019年第1期28卷 29-38页

作者： LIU Shangdong WU Ye JI Yimu CHEN Chen BI Qiang JIAO Zhipeng GONG Jian WANG Ruchuan School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Network Technology Jiangsu High Technology Research Key Laboratory for Wireless Sensor Networks

With the rapid development of the smart driving technology, the security of smart driving algorithms is becoming more and more important. Four core smart driving algorithms are determined by studying the architecture of smart driving algorithm. These algorithms comprise local path planning, pedestrian detection, lane detection and obstacle detection. The security issues of these algorithms are investigated by closely examining the work carried out by the algorithms. We found that there are vulnerabilities in all four algorithms. These vulnerabilities can cause abnormality and even road accidents for the smart cars. The final experiment shows that the vulnerabilities of these algorithms do exist under certain circumstances and therefore have high security risks. This study will lay a foundation to improve the security of the smart driving system.

关键词： Smart driving algorithm Local path planning Pedestrian detection Lane line detection Obstacle detection

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Semantic Communication-Aware End-to-End Routing in Large-Scale LEO Satellite networks

Semantic Communication-Aware End-to-End Routing in Large-Sca...

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Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications (MetaCom), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Binquan Guo Zehui Xiong Bo Wang Tony Q. S. Quek Zhu Han State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xidian University Xi’an P. R. China Tianjin Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center (TAIIC) Tianjin P. R. China Pillar of ISTD Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331515997

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516000

Enhanced by inter-satellite links, large-scale satellite networks (SNs) hold promise to deliver low-latency services globally. However, given the scarcity of available spectrum and the capacity limitations of Shannon’s classic information theory, supporting the ever-growing multimedia communication services poses a challenge for SNs. A promising direction is to employ semantic communication (SC), which utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) to extract and transmit the "meaning" of raw data, thereby reducing bandwidth consumption. We identify that SC requires the raw data to be transmitted to a satellite equipped with the AI encoder supporting the same knowledge base for successful decoding at the destination. This advanced functionality renders traditional routing schemes such as contact graph routing (CGR) not seamlessly suitable. Hence, we develop the SC-aware routing (SCR) strategy aimed at optimizing SC’s delay and bandwidth consumption. Firstly, we define the problem using integer linear programming (ILP) and observe its intractability in practice. Then, we use the temporal graph to represent diverse knowledge bases, semantic encoders and transmission resources of SNs, and design SCR based on it. Simulations conducted on the Starlink constellation show that SCR runs much faster than the ILP solver. Additionally, we verify that SC can bring significant performance gains in terms of higher data throughput and lower average end-to-end delay when compared to CGR.

关键词： Satellites Spectral efficiency Knowledge based systems Bandwidth Performance gain Routing Throughput Polynomials Delays Multimedia communication

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Extended $T$T: Learning With Mixed Closed-Set and Open-Set Noisy Labels

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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2022年第3期45卷 3047-3058页

作者： Xiaobo Xia Bo Han Nannan Wang Jiankang Deng Jiatong Li Yinian Mao Tongliang Liu Trustworthy Machine Learning Lab School of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University Xi'an Shaanxi China Department of Computing Imperial College London London U.K. Meituan Beijing China

The noise transition matrix $T$ , reflecting the probabilities that true labels flip into noisy ones, is of vital importance to model label noise and build statistically consistent classifiers. The traditional transition matrix is limited to model closed-set label noise, where noisy training data have true class labels within the noisy label set. It is unfitted to employ such a transition matrix to model open-set label noise, where some true class labels are outside the noisy label set. Therefore, when considering a more realistic situation, i.e., both closed-set and open-set label noises occur, prior works will give unbelievable solutions. Besides, the traditional transition matrix is mostly limited to model instance-independent label noise, which may not perform well in practice. In this paper, we focus on learning with the mixed closed-set and open-set noisy labels. We address the aforementioned issues by extending the traditional transition matrix to be able to model mixed label noise, and further to the cluster-dependent transition matrix to better combat the instance-dependent label noise in real-world applications. We term the proposed transition matrix as the cluster-dependent extended transition matrix. An unbiased estimator (i.e., extended $T$ -estimator) has been designed to estimate the cluster-dependent extended transition matrix by only exploiting the noisy data. Comprehensive experiments validate that our method can better cope with realistic label noise, following its more robust performance than the prior state-of-the-art label-noise learning methods.

关键词： Noise measurement Training Training data Data models Search engines Face recognition computer science

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Identification of Weather Phenomena Based on Lightweight Convolutional Neural networks

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computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第9期64卷 2043-2055页

作者： Congcong Wang Pengyu Liu Kebin Jia Xiaowei Jia Yaoyao Li Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks Beijing100124China Beijing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Intelligent System Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of MinnesotaTwin CitiesUSA

Weather phenomenon recognition plays an important role in the field of ***,weather radars and weathers sensor have been widely used for weather ***,given the high cost in deploying and maintaining the devices,it is difficult to apply them to intensive weather phenomenon ***,advanced machine learning models such as Convolutional Neural networks(CNNs)have shown a lot of promise in meteorology,but these models also require intensive computation and large memory,which make it difficult to use them in *** practice,lightweight models are often used to solve such ***,lightweight models often result in significant performance *** this end,after taking a deep dive into a large number of lightweight models and summarizing their shortcomings,we propose a novel lightweight CNNs model which is constructed based on new building *** experimental results show that the model proposed in this paper has comparable performance with the mainstream non-lightweight model while also saving 25 times of memory *** memory reduction is even better than that of existing lightweight models.

关键词： Deep learning convolution neural networks lightweight models weather identification

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Hierarchical Alignment-enhanced Adaptive Grounding Network for Generalized Referring Expression Comprehension 39

Hierarchical Alignment-enhanced Adaptive Grounding Network f...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Wang, Yaxian Ding, Henghui He, Shuting Jiang, Xudong Wei, Bifan Liu, Jun School of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security Xi'an Jiaotong University China Institute of Big Data Fudan University China Shanghai University of Finance and Economics China Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Continuing Education Xi'an Jiaotong University China Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Knowledge Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University China

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

In this work, we address the challenging task of Generalized Referring Expression Comprehension (GREC). Compared to the classic Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) that focuses on single-target expressions, GREC extends the scope to a more practical setting by further encompassing no-target and multi-target expressions. Existing REC methods face challenges in handling the complex cases encountered in GREC, primarily due to their fixed output and limitations in multi-modal representations. To address these issues, we propose a Hierarchical Alignment-enhanced Adaptive Grounding Network (HieA2G) for GREC, which can flexibly deal with various types of referring expressions. First, a Hierarchical Multi-modal Semantic Alignment (HMSA) module is proposed to incorporate three levels of alignments, including word-object, phrase-object, and text-image alignment. It enables hierarchical cross-modal interactions across multiple levels to achieve comprehensive and robust multi-modal understanding, greatly enhancing grounding ability for complex cases. Then, to address the varying number of target objects in GREC, we introduce an Adaptive Grounding Counter (AGC) to dynamically determine the number of output targets. Additionally, an auxiliary contrastive loss is employed in AGC to enhance object-counting ability by pulling in multi-modal features with the same counting and pushing away those with different counting. Extensive experimental results show that HieA2G achieves new state-of-the-art performance on the challenging GREC task and also the other 4 tasks, including REC, Phrase Grounding, Referring Expression Segmentation (RES), and Generalized Referring Expression Segmentation (GRES), demonstrating the remarkable superiority and generalizability of the proposed HieA2G. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Modal analysis

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Silicon photonics for high-capacity data communications

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Photonics Research 2022年第9期10卷 I0002-I0030页

作者： YAOCHENG SHI YONG ZHANG YATING WAN YU YU YUGUANG ZHANG XIAO HU XI XIAO HONGNAN XU LONG ZHANG BINGCHENG PAN Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical InstrumentationCollege of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhou 310058China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronic EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Energy Efficiency University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics&School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China National Information Optoelectronics Innovation Center China Information and Communication Technologies Group Corporation(CICT)Wuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks China Information and Communication Technologies Group Corporation(CICT)Wuhan 430074China Department of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong KongChina

In recent years,optical modulators,photodetectors,(de)multiplexers,and heterogeneously integrated lasers based on silicon optical platforms have been *** performance of some devices even surpasses the traditional III-V and photonic integrated circuit(PIC)platforms,laying the foundation for large-scale photonic *** photonic technology can overcome the limitations of traditional transceiver technology in high-speed transmission networks to support faster interconnection between data *** this article,we will review recent progress for silicon *** first part gives an overview of recent achievements in silicon *** second part introduces the silicon photonic building blocks,including low-loss waveguides,passive devices,modulators,photodetectors,heterogeneously integrated lasers,and so *** the third part,the recent progress on high-capacity silicon photonic transceivers is *** the fourth part,we give a review of high-capacity silicon photonic networks on chip.

关键词： interconnection passive networks

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Hierarchical Alignment-enhanced Adaptive Grounding Network for Generalized Referring Expression Comprehension

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

In this work, we address the challenging task of Generalized Referring Expression Comprehension (GREC). Compared to the classic Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) that focuses on single-target expressions, GREC extends the scope to a more practical setting by further encompassing notarget and multi-target expressions. Existing REC methods face challenges in handling the complex cases encountered in GREC, primarily due to their fixed output and limitations in multi-modal representations. To address these issues, we propose a Hierarchical Alignment-enhanced Adaptive Grounding Network (HieA2G) for GREC, which can flexibly deal with various types of referring expressions. First, a Hierarchical Multi-modal Semantic Alignment (HMSA) module is proposed to incorporate three levels of alignments, including word-object, phrase-object, and text-image alignment. It enables hierarchical cross-modal interactions across multiple levels to achieve comprehensive and robust multi-modal understanding, greatly enhancing grounding ability for complex cases. Then, to address the varying number of target objects in GREC, we introduce an Adaptive Grounding Counter (AGC) to dynamically determine the number of output targets. Additionally, an auxiliary contrastive loss is employed in AGC to enhance object-counting ability by pulling in multi-modal features with the same counting and pushing away those with different counting. Extensive experimental results show that HieA2G achieves new state-of-the-art performance on the challenging GREC task and also the other 4 tasks, including REC, Phrase Grounding, Referring Expression Segmentation (RES), and Generalized Referring Expression Segmentation (GRES), demonstrating the remarkable superiority and generalizability of the proposed HieA2G. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric grounding

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Sentiment Analysis to manage Health Crisis in Smart Cities

Sentiment Analysis to manage Health Crisis in Smart Cities

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International computer Sciences and Information Technologies (CSIT)

作者： Houda El Bouhissi Ouardia Itmacene Milissa Oubekkou Olga Pavlova Tetiana Hovorushchenko Tetiana Shestakevych LMED Laboratory Faculty of Exact Sciences University of Bejaia Bejaia Algeria Faculty of Exact Sciences University of Bejaia Bejaia Algeria Department of Computer Engineering & Information Systems Khmelnytskyi National University Khmelnytskyi Ukraine Information Systems and Networks Department Lviv Polytechnic National University Lviv Ukraine

Sentiment analysis is a branch of natural language processing that analyzes textual data and provides insights into users’ opinions. In the context of smart cities, sentiment analysis seeks to seamlessly integrate technological innovations into people’s daily lives, fostering sustainability and enhancing overall quality of life while monitoring citizen satisfaction levels. This approach allows for more precise analysis and facilitates the implementation of strategies geared towards improving services and the general quality of life. The aim of this paper is to propose an approach for managing healthcare crises in smart cities. The proposal relies on a hybrid approach that combines LSTM for tweet classification with EHO for optimizing classification parameters. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of this proposed technique.

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