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pFedCal: Lightweight Personalized Federated Learning with Adaptive Calibration Strategy

IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 2025年

作者： Deng, Dongshang Wu, Xuangou Zhang, Tao Xiang, Chaocan Zhao, Wei Xu, Minrui Kang, Jiawen Han, Zhu Niyato, Dusit Anhui University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Twin Technology in Metallurgical Industry Anhui Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Applications and Security of Industrial Internet Ma'anshan243002 China Beijing Jiaotong University School of Cyberspace Science and Technology Beijing100044 China Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Twin Technology in Metallurgical Industry Anhui243002 China Chongqing University College of Computer Science Chongqing400044 China Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering 639798 Singapore Guangdong University of Technology School of Automation Guangzhou510062 China University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

Federated learning (FL) is a promising artificial intelligence framework that enables clients to collectively train models with data privacy. However, in real-world scenarios, to construct practical FL frameworks, several challenges have to be addressed, including statistical heterogeneity, constrained resources, and fairness. Therefore, we first investigate an aggregation gap caused by statistical heterogeneity during local model initialization, which not only causes additional computational overhead for clients but also leads to the degradation of fairness. To bridge this gap, we propose pFedCal, a novel personalized federated learning with lightweight adaptive calibration strategy that performs calibration compensation through the prior knowledge of clients. Specifically, we introduce compensation for each client at the model initialization, with the compensation derived from the global gradient and the latest gradient bias. To enhance the calibration effect, we introduce a smoothing-based calibration strategy, and we design an adaptive calibration strategy. A representative example demonstrates that the proposed calibration and smoothing strategies improve fairness for clients. The theoretical analysis indicates that with an appropriate learning rate, pFedCal converges to a first-order stationary point for non-convex loss functions. Comprehensive experimental results show that pFedCal achieves faster convergence, higher accuracy, and improved fairness than the state-of-the-art methods. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Discrete control algorithms for systems with big dead time for control101 MATLAB toolbox

Discrete control algorithms for systems with big dead time f...

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Cybernetics & Informatics (K&I)

作者： Ruth Bars Gyula Max J. Anthony Rossiter László Keviczky Department of Automation and Applied Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield UK Systems and Control Laboratory Institute for Computer Science and Control Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (数字)9798331541811

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541828

The first course of control is under a critical review. Both the teaching material covered and the teaching methods require new considerations. Introducing interactivity in the education process makes the learning more successful and enjoyable. MATLAB provides an effective environment for learning and applying different disciplines. Control101 is a new MATLAB toolbox under development which provides tools for interactive learning of control disciplines. This paper presents the framework for teaching discrete control algorithms applied for processes containing large dead times.

关键词： Visualization Systematics PI control Reviews Education Laboratories Process control Prediction algorithms PD control MATLAB

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Advancing cancer diagnosis and prognostication through deep learning mastery in breast, colon, and lung histopathology with ResoMergeNet

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 185卷 109494-109494页

作者： Ejiyi, Chukwuebuka Joseph Qin, Zhen Agbesi, Victor K. Yi, Ding Atwereboannah, Abena A. Chikwendu, Ijeoma A. Bamisile, Oluwatoyosi F. Bakanina Kissanga, Grace-Mercure Bamisile, Olusola O. College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering & Sichuan Industrial Internet Intelligent Monitoring and Application Engineering Research Center Chengdu University of Technology Sichuan Chengdu China Network and Data Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Chengdu China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China School of Life Science University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

Cancer, a global health threat, demands effective diagnostic solutions to combat its impact on public health, particularly for breast, colon, and lung cancers. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for successful treatment, prompting the rise of computer-Aided Diagnosis Systems as reliable and cost-effective tools. Histopathology, renowned for its precision in cancer imaging, has become pivotal in the diagnostic landscape of breast, colon, and lung cancers. However, while deep learning models have been widely explored in this domain, they often face challenges in generalizing to diverse clinical settings and in efficiently capturing both local and global feature representations, particularly for multi-class tasks. This underscores the need for models that can reduce biases, improve diagnostic accuracy, and minimize error susceptibility in cancer classification tasks. To this end, we introduce ResoMergeNet (RMN), an advanced deep-learning model designed for both multi-class and binary cancer classification using histopathological images of breast, colon, and lung. ResoMergeNet integrates the Resboost mechanism which enhances feature representation, and the ConvmergeNet mechanism which optimizes feature extraction, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy. Comparative evaluations against state-of-the-art models show ResoMergeNet's superior performance. Validated on the LC-25000 and BreakHis (400× and 40× magnifications) datasets, ResoMergeNet demonstrates outstanding performance, achieving perfect scores of 100 % in accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and F1 score for binary classification. For multi-class classification with five classes from the LC25000 dataset, it maintains an impressive 99.96 % across all performance metrics. When applied to the BreakHis dataset, ResoMergeNet achieved 99.87 % accuracy, 99.75 % sensitivity, 99.78 % precision, and 99.77 % F1 score at 400× magnification. At 40× magnification, it still delivered robust results with 98.85 % accuracy,

关键词： Lung cancer

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CONFORMAL UNCERTAINTY INDICATOR FOR CONTINUAL TEST-TIME ADAPTATION

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lyu, Fan Zhao, Hanyu Shi, Ziqi Liu, Ye Hu, Fuyuan Zhang, Zhang Wang, Liang New Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. LTD China College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University China School of Computer Science & Engineering LinYi University China School of Electric & Information Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology China

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt models to sequentially changing domains during testing, relying on pseudo-labels for self-adaptation. However, incorrect pseudo-labels can accumulate, leading to performance degradation. To address this, we propose a Conformal Uncertainty Indicator (CUI) for CTTA, leveraging Conformal Prediction (CP) to generate prediction sets that include the true label with a specified coverage probability. Since domain shifts can lower the coverage than expected, making CP unreliable, we dynamically compensate for the coverage by measuring both domain and data differences. Reliable pseudo-labels from CP are then selectively utilized to enhance adaptation. Experiments confirm that CUI effectively estimates uncertainty and improves adaptation performance across various existing CTTA methods. © 2025, CC BY.

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TPCap: Unlocking Zero-Shot Image Captioning with Trigger-Augmented and Multi-Modal Purification Modules

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Ruoyu Wang, Lulu He, Yi Pan, Tongling Yu, Zhengtao Li, Yingna Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650504 China Key Laboratory of Computer Technologies Application Kunming650504 China Hongyun Honghe Group Honghe Cigarette Factory Kunming650202 China

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced the fluency and logical coherence of image captioning. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely adopted to incorporate external knowledge into LLMs;however, existing RAG-based methods rely on separate retrieval banks, introducing computational overhead and limiting the utilization of LLMs’ inherent zero-shot capabilities. To address these limitations, we propose TPCap, a novel trigger-augmented and multi-modal purification framework for zero-shot image captioning without external retrieval libraries. TPCap consists of two key components: trigger-augmented (TA) generation and multi-modal purification (MP). The TA module employs a trigger projector with frozen and learnable projections to activate LLMs’ contextual reasoning, enhance visual-textual alignment, and mitigate data bias. The MP module further refines the generated entity-related information by filtering noise and enhancing feature quality, ensuring more precise and factually consistent captions. We evaluate TPCap on COCO, NoCaps, Flickr30k, and WHOOPS datasets. With only 0.82M trainable parameters and training on a single NVIDIA RTX 4090 GPU, TPCap achieves competitive performance comparable to state-of-the-art models. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information filtering

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Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on Graph Convolution and Dendritic Deep Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Network science and engineering 2025年

作者： Zhang, Chunyang Yu, Yang Zhang, Tengfei Song, Keyu Wang, Yirui Gao, Shangce Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications College of Automation & College of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing210023 China Ningbo University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Mobile Network Application Technology Zhejiang315211 China University of Toyama Faculty of Engineering Toyama-shi930-8555 Japan

Short-term load forecasting (STLF) is a significant task to the planning, operation and control of future power systems. The increasing number of devices connected to the system has led to more complex characteristics and forms of load, which has brought considerable difficulties to the relevant methods in achieving higher load prediction accuracy and reliability. In this regard, this study proposes a deep learning model that combines graph convolutional network (GCN), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and dendritic neural model (DNM) to forecast electric load more accurately. Firstly, the sample load data is constructed into graph data with individual time steps as nodes. A GCN is used to extract the hidden features while allowing a full communication between the time steps feature data. A GRU is then used to capture the time-dependent relationship of the data. Finally, a dendritic layer instead of a fully connected layer is used as the output to integrate data features in depth. Experiments are conducted to verify the validity of the proposed model and compared it with several effective deep learning models, including CNN_LSTM, Transformer and Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN). The results show a significant improvement in prediction compared to the baseline models, with mean absolute percentage error(MAPE) of 1.62% and 3.98%, coefficient of determination(R2) of 0.983 and 0.928 respectively on two load datasets at different levels of aggregation, nationally and regionally. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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ATEDU-NET: An Attention-Embedded Deep Unet for multi-disease diagnosis in chest X-ray images, breast ultrasound, and retina fundus

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 186卷 109708-109708页

作者： Ejiyi, Chukwuebuka Joseph Qin, Zhen Agbesi, Victor K. Ejiyi, Makuachukwu Bennedith Chikwendu, Ijeoma A. Bamisile, Oluwatoyosi F. Onyekwere, Favour Ezinne Bamisile, Olusola O. College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Sichuan 610059 China Network and Data Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Chengdu China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Pharmacy Department University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nsukka Nigeria School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

In image segmentation for medical image analysis, effective upsampling is crucial for recovering spatial information lost during downsampling. This challenge becomes more pronounced when dealing with diverse medical image modalities, which can significantly impact model performance. Plain and standard skip connections, widely used in most models, often fall short of maintaining high segmentation accuracy across different modalities, because essential spatial information transferred from the encoder to the decoder is lost. Inspired by these limitations, the Attention-Embedded Deep UNet (ATEDU-Net) is presented here, an innovative framework designed and tested on diverse medical image modalities, including X-ray, breast ultrasound, and retinal fundus images. ATEDU-Net features a unique architecture that combines progressive context refinement modules (PCRM) and global context modules (GCM) within a U-shaped network structure with Convgroup blocks which facilitate the integration of convolutional operations. This allows ATEDU-Net to autonomously capture rich spatial details and crucial contextual information from input images. The GCM captures essential contextual information for informed decision-making, while the PCRM enhances feature attention, resulting in precise and robust segmentation. The experimentation and analysis demonstrate that ATEDU-Net promises to be a powerful tool for medical professionals, aiding in the early detection of chest-related diseases, accurate localization of breast tumors, and early identification of eye diseases. This, in turn, contributes significantly to the formulation of optimal therapeutic strategies, enhancing patient care and outcomes. The versatility of ATEDU-Net is further highlighted by its ability to analyze medical images across various modalities, making it well-suited for the complex task of medical image analysis in diverse clinical scenarios. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Image segmentation

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Stealthy Attacks on Sampled-Data Control and Encryption-Based Countermeasures

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2025年

作者： Shang, Jun Li, Yuzhe Chen, Tongwen Tongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Shanghai200092 China Northeastern University State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Shenyang110004 China University of Alberta Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering EdmontonABT6G 1H9 Canada

This paper investigates stealthy attacks on sampled-data control systems, where a continuous process is sampled periodically, and the resultant discrete output and control signals are transmitted through dual channels in wireless communication networks. Acknowledging the vulnerability of these transmitted data to cyber threats, we analyze two types of stealthy attacks that compromise either one or both channels. We explicitly present the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of stealthy single-channel attacks. To mitigate these security risks, we implement encryption-based countermeasures, including linear time-invariant and periodic encryption methods. We detail sufficient conditions under which these encryption strategies effectively thwart single- and dual-channel stealthy attacks. The effectiveness of these approaches and the theoretical findings are demonstrated through numerical simulations. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cyber attacks

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3D Self-triggered-organized Communication Topology Based UAV Swarm Consensus System with Distributed Extended State Observer

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IEEE Transactions on Network science and engineering 2025年

作者： Xiao, Hanzhen Yang, Yang Yu, Dengxiu Lai, Guanyu Chen, C. L. Philip Guangdong University of Technology School of Automation Guangzhou China Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Artificial Intelligence Optics and Electronics Xi'an710072 China South China University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangzhou510641 China Pazhou Laboratory Guangzhou510335 China

In this work, to address the communication topology alteration caused by unit failure or loss in the multi-UAV cooperation control system, a 3D self-triggered-organized topology (3D-STOT) based UAV swarm consensus system with distributed extended state observer (DESO) is developed. First, we propose a novel 3D self-organized topology (3D-SOT) generation method that automatically constructs adequate topology networks from swarm position information without manual intervention, with a computational complexity of O(n4). This network maintains connectivity even when a certain number of UAV failures or losses occur. Next, a 3D-STOT updating strategy is introduced to automatically update the topology based on real-time location under predefined trigger conditions. This updating strategy enables the 3D-SOT generating method to flexibly adapt to swarms of varying scales and significantly enhances the swarm system's ability to handle unexpected situations. Additionally, DESO not only supports real-time 3D-STOT updates but also assists the double-loop Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) in achieving consensus formation. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation experiments. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Sliding mode control

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Privacy Preservation for Cloud-Edge-Collaborative Energy Management System Using Post-Quantum Homomorphic Encryption

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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2025年

作者： Jiang, Cheng Li, Xue Du, Dajun Qian, Hong Wen, Mi Wu, Lei Findeisen, Rolf Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology College of Automation Engineering Shanghai200090 China Shanghai University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology School of Mechatronical Engineering and Automation Shanghai200072 China Shanghai University of Electric Power College of Computer Science and Technology Shanghai201306 China Advanced Cryptography and System Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu610225 China Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HobokenNJ07030 United States TU Darmstadt Control and Cyber-Physical Systems Laboratory Darmstadt64227 Germany

Cloud-based energy management systems (EMS) in smart grids face privacy challenges, as existing methods based on traditional homomorphic encryption support limited operations and are vulnerable to quantum attacks. We propose a privacy preservation method for smart grid energy management system, leveraging edge-assisted computing and ring learning with errors (RLWE) homomorphic encryption. Our approach enables both addition and multiplication operations on encrypted smart grid data while defending against quantum threats. We demonstrate the methods security under the RLWE hardness assumption and validate its effectiveness through an experimental platform simulating smart grid environments. This work addresses computational limitations in current privacy-preserving techniques, enhancing data security for evolving smart grid technologies © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Power management (telecommunication)

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