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Fault Diagnostic Opportunities for Robot Servo Motors Using the Physics of Failure Analysis 14

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Fault Diagnostic Opportunities for Robot Servo Motors Using ...

14th International Conference on Reliability, Maintainability and Safety, ICRMS 2023

作者： Zhang, Bo Liang, Shan Wang, Kai Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems Shenyang Institute of Automation Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China College of Computer Science and Technology University of Chemical Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350329988

Joint robots are widely used in various industries, such as aviation, aerospace, and automotive manufacturing. The performance degradation of servo motors can significantly affect the overall performance of the robots because of the core component of joint robots, and therefore, it is critical to detect and address servo motor failures promptly. In this study, we analyze some common causes and mechanisms of performance degradation in robot servo motors using the physics of failure analysis. We also discuss strategies for detecting and diagnosing faults using these mechanisms before the servo motors fail completely. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Servomotors

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a UAV autonomous landing algorithm implemented in SoC FPGA

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Szolc, Hubert Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

This paper presents a system for hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) simulation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control algorithms implemented on a heterogeneous SoC FPGA computing platforms. The AirSim simulator running on a PC and an Arty Z7 development board with a Zynq SoC chip from AMD Xilinx were used. Communication was carried out via a serial USB link. An application for autonomous landing on a specially marked landing strip was selected as a case study. A landing site detection algorithm was implemented on the Zynq SoC platform. This allowed processing a 1280 × 720 @ 60 fps video stream in real time. Performed tests showed that the system works correctly and there are no delays that could negatively affect the stability of the control. The proposed concept is characterised by relative simplicity and low implementation cost. At the same time, it can be applied to test various types of high-level perception and control algorithms for UAV implemented on embedded platforms. We provide the code developed on GitHub, which includes both Python scripts running on the PC and C code running on Arty Z7. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： System-on-chip

Energy Efficient Hardware Acceleration of Neural Networks with Power-of-Two Quantisation

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Przewlocka-Rus, Dominika Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

Deep neural networks virtually dominate the domain of most modern vision systems, providing high performance at a cost of increased computational complexity. Since for those systems it is often required to operate both in real-time and with minimal energy consumption (e.g., for wearable devices or autonomous vehicles, edge Internet of Things (IoT), sensor networks), various network optimisation techniques are used, e.g., quantisation, pruning, or dedicated lightweight architectures. Due to the logarithmic distribution of weights in neural network layers, a method providing high performance with significant reduction in computational precision (for 4-bit weights and less) is the Power-of-Two (PoT) quantisation (and therefore also with a logarithmic distribution). This method introduces additional possibilities of replacing the typical for neural networks Multiply and ACcumulate (MAC – performing, e.g., convolution operations) units, with more energy-efficient Bitshift and ACcumulate (BAC). In this paper, we show that a hardware neural network accelerator with PoT weights implemented on the Zynq UltraScale + MPSoC ZCU104 SoC FPGA can be at least 1.4x more energy efficient than the uniform quantisation version. To further reduce the actual power requirement by omitting part of the computation for zero weights, we also propose a new pruning method adapted to logarithmic quantisation. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： System-on-chip

Roblets: Robotic Tablets That Self-Assemble and Self-Fold into a Robot

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Roblets: Robotic Tablets That Self-Assemble and Self-Fold in...

IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： Junyi Han Daniela Rus Shuhei Miyashita Automatic Control and Systems Engineering Department University of Sheffield Sheffield UK Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine

Inspired by human proteins that are synthesized from only 20 types of amino acids, the development of self-assembly methods that allow robots to be built simply by randomly stirring the parts has been explored for many years. The key challenges include how to synthesize parts in pieces into a three-dimensional functional structure in a practical time, and subsequently, achieve a controlled robotic motion, all with minimal human intervention. This study proposes a method of self-assembling a 3D robot by first self-assembling random parts into a 2D structure and then self-folding it into a 3D shape. Once self-folded, the robot, whose compositional parts contain magnets, becomes capable of performing basic tasks such as block-pushing upon an application of an external magnetic field. Self-assembly from parts into a two-dimensional structure was performed by repeatedly colliding the parts with each other, and combining them with complementary-shaped parts, like matching jigsaw puzzle pieces. Self-folding was performed by shrinking a heat-responsive film attached across the hinge of each assembly part in hot water, causing the entire 2D structure to self-fold. The experiment demonstrated a series of 13 parts self-assembling into the shape of a 3D beetle, then walking and pushing an object in 13 minutes. The self-assembly process is programmed (mechanically) to generate the same geometry even if the number of parts is greater than the necessary number for the structure, thus is capable of generating multiple structures simultaneously.

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Optimal Sensor Placement for Full-Set TDOA Localization Accounting for Sensor Location Errors

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IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic systems 2025年

作者： Zhang, Chengjie Han, Xinyang Kong, He Ho, K.C. Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Control Theory and Intelligent Systems Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fully Actuated System Control Theory and Technology Shenzhen518055 China University of Missouri Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department ColumbiaMO65211 United States

The positioning accuracy of a signal source is influenced by where the sensors are deployed. Studies in the literature for the optimal sensor placement (OSP) of localization often ignore the presence of sensor position errors. In practice, however, it is impossible to place the sensors precisely at the desired locations. This work designs OSP by accounting for the presence of Gaussian sensor position errors that are independent and identically distributed (IID), with the full set of Time Difference of Arrival measurements corrupted by Gaussian IID noise. The criterion is the A-optimality equal to the trace of the source position Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB). We show that the presence of sensor position errors introduces a multiplication factor to the same criterion for the case without sensor position errors. The latter factor is dependent on the ratio of the sensor position error power to the range difference noise power but independent of the sensor positions, implying that the A-optimality OSP in the presence of sensor position errors is the same as in the absence. To our knowledge, this is the first time such results have been derived. Simulation studies validate the derived OSP, show the minimal OSP performance gap with sensor positioning error and without, and illustrate the better source localization accuracy by OSP. © 1965-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Cramer-Rao bounds

The Continuous-Time Weighted-Median Opinion Dynamics

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Han, Yi Chen, Ge Dörfler, Florian Mei, Wenjun Dept. of Mechanics and Engineering Science Peking University Beijing China Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Automatic Control Laboratory ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Opinion dynamics models are important in understanding and predicting opinion formation processes within social groups. Although the weighted-averaging opinion-update mechanism is widely adopted as the micro-foundation of opinion dynamics, it bears a non-negligibly unrealistic implication: opinion attractiveness increases with opinion distance. Recently, the weighted-median mechanism has been proposed as a new microscopic mechanism of opinion exchange. Numerous advancements have been achieved regarding this new micro-foundation, from theoretical analysis to empirical validation, in a discretetime asynchronous setup. However, the original discrete-time weighted-median model does not allow for "compromise behavior" in opinion exchanges, i.e., no intermediate opinions are created between disagreeing agents. To resolve this problem, this paper propose a novel continuous-time weighted-median opinion dynamics model, in which agents' opinions move towards the weighted-medians of their out-neighbors' opinions. It turns out that the proof methods for the original discrete-time asynchronous model are no longer applicable to the analysis of the continuous-time model. In this paper, we first establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the continuoustime weighted-median opinion dynamics by showing that the weighted-median mapping is contractive on any graph. We also characterize the set of all the equilibria. Then, by leveraging a new LaSalle invariance principle argument, we prove the convergence of the continuous-time weighted-median model for any initial condition and derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence to *** Codes 91D30(Primary) 93A16(Secondary) Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamics

Towards real-time and energy efficient Siamese tracking - a hardware-software approach

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arXiv 2022年

Siamese trackers have been among the state-of-the-art solutions in each Visual Object Tracking (VOT) challenge over the past few years. However, with great accuracy comes great computational complexity: to achieve real-time processing, these trackers have to be massively parallelised and are usually run on high-end GPUs. Easy to implement, this approach is energy consuming, and thus cannot be used in many low-power applications. To overcome this, one can use energy-efficient embedded devices, such as heterogeneous platforms joining the ARM processor system with programmable logic (FPGA). In this work, we propose a hardware-software implementation of the well-known fully connected Siamese tracker (SiamFC). We have developed a quantised Siamese network for the FINN accelerator, using algorithm-accelerator co-design, and performed design space exploration to achieve the best efficiency-to-energy ratio (determined by FPS and used resources). For our network, running in the programmable logic part of the Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC ZCU104, we achieved the processing of almost 50 frames-per-second with tracker accuracy on par with its floating point counterpart, as well as the original SiamFC network. The complete tracking system, implemented in ARM with the network accelerated on FPGA, achieves up to 17 fps. These results bring us towards bridging the gap between the highly accurate but energy-demanding algorithms and energy-efficient solutions ready to be used in low-power, edge systems. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Energy efficiency

Energy Efficient Hardware Acceleration of Neural Networks with Power-of-Two Quantisation

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TechRxiv

TechRxiv 2022年

关键词： System-on-chip

PI-funnel and inverse hysteresis compensation cascade control of smart soft dielectric elastomer actuator

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control Theory and Technology 2024年第4期22卷 552-567页

作者： Peng Huang Yawu Wang Yue Zhang Jundong Wu Chun-Yi Su School of Automation China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074HubeiChina Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems Wuhan430074HubeiChina Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration Ministry of EducationWuhan430074HubeiChina Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science Concordia UniversityMontrealQCH3G 1M8Canada

Smart soft dielectric elastomer actuators(SSDEAs)possess wide applications in soft robotics due to their properties similar to natural muscles,including large deformation ratio,high energy density,and fast response ***,the complicated asymmetric and rate-dependent hysteresis property,creep property and quadratic input property of the SSDEA pose enormous challenges to its dynamic modeling and motion *** this paper,first,we construct the dynamic model of the SSDEA by connecting a square module,a one-sided Prandtl–Ishlinskii(OSPI)model and a linear system in series to describe the above *** key and innovative aspect of the dynamic modeling lies in cascading the square module in series with the OSPI model to construct the asymmetric hysteresis ***,a PI-funnel and inverse hysteresis compensation(PIFIHC)cascade control method of the SSDEA is proposed to actualize its tracking control *** performing the inversion operation on the asymmetric hysteresis model,the inverse hysteresis compensation controller(IHCC)is designed to compensate the asymmetric hysteresis property and quadratic input property of the *** addition,a PI-funnel controller is designed to cascade with the IHCC to construct the PIFIHC cascade controller to obtain a good tracking ***,the stability analysis of the PIFIHC cascade control system of the SSDEA is performed to theoretically prove that the tracking error can be controlled within the performance funnel and the steady-state error converges to ***,several practical tracking control experiments of the SSDEA are conducted,and RRMSEs are less than 2.30%for all *** experimental results indicate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed PIFIHC cascade control method of the SSDEA.

关键词： Smart soft dielectric elastomer actuator Dynamic modeling Inverse hysteresis compensation controller PI-funnel controller Cascade controller