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TechRxiv 2022年

作者： Przewlocka-Rus, Dominika Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

Deep neural networks virtually dominate the domain of most modern vision systems, providing high performance at a cost of increased computational complexity. Since for those systems it is often required to operate both in real-time and with minimal energy consumption (e.g., for wearable devices or autonomous vehicles, edge Internet of Things (IoT), sensor networks), various network optimisation techniques are used, e.g., quantisation, pruning, or dedicated lightweight architectures. Due to the logarithmic distribution of weights in neural network layers, a method providing high performance with significant reduction in computational precision (for 4-bit weights and less) is the Power-of-Two (PoT) quantisation (and therefore also with a logarithmic distribution). This method introduces additional possibilities of replacing the typical for neural networks Multiply and ACcumulate (MAC – performing, e.g., convolution operations) units, with more energy-efficient Bitshift and ACcumulate (BAC). In this paper, we show that a hardware neural network accelerator with PoT weights implemented on the Zynq UltraScale + MPSoC ZCU104 SoC FPGA can be at least 1.4x more energy efficient than the uniform quantisation version. To further reduce the actual power requirement by omitting part of the computation for zero weights, we also propose a new pruning method adapted to logarithmic quantisation. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： System-on-chip

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PI-funnel and inverse hysteresis compensation cascade control of smart soft dielectric elastomer actuator

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control Theory and Technology 2024年第4期22卷 552-567页

作者： Peng Huang Yawu Wang Yue Zhang Jundong Wu Chun-Yi Su School of Automation China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074HubeiChina Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems Wuhan430074HubeiChina Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration Ministry of EducationWuhan430074HubeiChina Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science Concordia UniversityMontrealQCH3G 1M8Canada

Smart soft dielectric elastomer actuators(SSDEAs)possess wide applications in soft robotics due to their properties similar to natural muscles,including large deformation ratio,high energy density,and fast response ***,the complicated asymmetric and rate-dependent hysteresis property,creep property and quadratic input property of the SSDEA pose enormous challenges to its dynamic modeling and motion *** this paper,first,we construct the dynamic model of the SSDEA by connecting a square module,a one-sided Prandtl–Ishlinskii(OSPI)model and a linear system in series to describe the above *** key and innovative aspect of the dynamic modeling lies in cascading the square module in series with the OSPI model to construct the asymmetric hysteresis ***,a PI-funnel and inverse hysteresis compensation(PIFIHC)cascade control method of the SSDEA is proposed to actualize its tracking control *** performing the inversion operation on the asymmetric hysteresis model,the inverse hysteresis compensation controller(IHCC)is designed to compensate the asymmetric hysteresis property and quadratic input property of the *** addition,a PI-funnel controller is designed to cascade with the IHCC to construct the PIFIHC cascade controller to obtain a good tracking ***,the stability analysis of the PIFIHC cascade control system of the SSDEA is performed to theoretically prove that the tracking error can be controlled within the performance funnel and the steady-state error converges to ***,several practical tracking control experiments of the SSDEA are conducted,and RRMSEs are less than 2.30%for all *** experimental results indicate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed PIFIHC cascade control method of the SSDEA.

关键词： Smart soft dielectric elastomer actuator Dynamic modeling Inverse hysteresis compensation controller PI-funnel controller Cascade controller

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Supervisors for Gas Compressor Stations with Compression and Valve Faults

Supervisors for Gas Compressor Stations with Compression and...

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South Eastern European Design Automation, computer Engineering, computer Networks and Social Media Conference (SEEDA-CECNSM)

作者： Dimitrios G. Fragkoulis Fotis N. Koumboulis Nikolas D. Kouvakas Antonis N. Menexis Department of Digital Industry Technologies Robotics Automatic Control and Cyber-Physical Systems Laboratory School of Science National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece

A Discrete Event System (DES) based approach is developed for the derivation of the model and safe performance of a gas compressor station (GCS), in the presence of all possible actuator faults. The safe performance goal is surge avoidance, despite the presence of actuator faults, and is modelled as four rules, being translated to four regular languages. The respective supervisor automata are developed to realize the four regular languages. The physical realizability and nonblocking of the synchronous product of the supervisor automata and the automaton of the system is proved. Implementation of the supervisors in the Structured Text language for PLCs is provided.

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State Derivative Normalization for Continuous-Time Deep Neural Networks

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第15期58卷 253-258页

作者： Jonas Weigand Gerben I. Beintema Jonas Ulmen Daniel Görges Roland Tóth Maarten Schoukens Martin Ruskowski Chair of Machine Tools and Control Systems RPTU Kaiserslautern and the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Kaiserslautern Germany Control Systems (CS) Group at the Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands. R. Tóth is also affiliated to the Systems and Control Laboratory at the Institute for Computer Science and Control Budapest Hungary Institute for Electromobility RPTU Kaiserslautern Germany

The importance of proper data normalization for deep neural networks is well known. However, in continuous-time state-space model estimation, it has been observed that improper normalization of either the hidden state or hidden state derivative of the model estimate, or even of the time interval can lead to numerical and optimization challenges with deep learning based methods. This results in a reduced model quality. In this contribution, we show that these three normalization tasks are inherently coupled. Due to the existence of this coupling, we propose a solution to all three normalization challenges by introducing a normalization constant at the state derivative level. We show that the appropriate choice of the normalization constant is related to the dynamics of the to-be-identified system and we derive multiple methods of obtaining an effective normalization constant. We compare and discuss all the normalization strategies on a benchmark problem based on experimental data from a cascaded tanks system and compare our results with other methods of the identification literature.

关键词： System Identification Continuous-Time Neural Ordinary Differential Equations Nonlinear State-Space

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Playing cards and bidding calls detection for automatic registration of a duplicate bridge game

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2022年

作者： Wzorek, Piotr Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

In this work, the implementation of a playing cards and bidding calls detection system for the automatic registration of a duplicate bridge game is presented. For this purpose, two YOLOv4 deep convolutional neural networks were used. During the training process, which was carried out using an automatically generated dataset, we obtained a detector characterised by more than 99.9% accuracy on the test set. The prepared system has been evaluated on videos collected during bridge competitions and is characterised by high accuracy. The application has been implemented and evaluated on a CPU and an embedded GPU. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Towards real-time and energy efficient Siamese tracking - a hardware-software approach

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2022年

Siamese trackers have been among the state-of-the-art solutions in each Visual Object Tracking (VOT) challenge over the past few years. However, with great accuracy comes great computational complexity: to achieve real-time processing, these trackers have to be massively parallelised and are usually run on high-end GPUs. Easy to implement, this approach is energy consuming, and thus cannot be used in many low-power applications. To overcome this, one can use energy-efficient embedded devices, such as heterogeneous platforms joining the ARM processor system with programmable logic (FPGA). In this work, we propose a hardware-software implementation of the well-known fully connected Siamese tracker (SiamFC). We have developed a quantised Siamese network for the FINN accelerator, using algorithm-accelerator co-design, and performed design space exploration to achieve the best efficiency-to-energy ratio (determined by FPS and used resources). For our network, running in the programmable logic part of the Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC ZCU104, we achieved the processing of almost 50 frames-per-second with tracker accuracy on par with its floating point counterpart, as well as the original SiamFC network. The complete tracking system, implemented in ARM with the network accelerated on FPGA, achieves up to 17 fps. These results bring us towards bridging the gap between the highly accurate but energy-demanding algorithms and energy-efficient solutions ready to be used in low-power, edge systems. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Frequency Domain Auto-tuning of Structured LPV controllers for High-Precision Motion control

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Broens, Yorick Butler, Hans Tóth, Roland The Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands ASML Veldhoven Netherlands The Systems and Control Laboratory HUN-REN Institute for Computer Science and Control Hungary

Motion systems are a vital part of many industrial processes. However, meeting the increasingly stringent demands of these systems, especially concerning precision and throughput, requires novel control design methods that can go beyond the capabilities of traditional solutions. Traditional control methods often struggle with the complexity and position-dependent effects inherent in modern motion systems, leading to compromises in performance and a laborious task of controller design. This paper addresses these challenges by introducing a novel structured feedback control auto-tuning approach for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) motion systems. By leveraging frequency response function (FRF) estimates and the linear-parameter-varying (LPV) control framework, the proposed approach automates the controller design, while providing local stability and performance guarantees. Key innovations include norm-based magnitude optimization of the sensitivity functions, an automated stability check through a novel extended factorized Nyquist criterion, a modular structured MIMO LPV controller parameterization, and a controller discretization approach which preserves the continuous-time (CT) controller parameterization. The proposed approach is validated through experiments using a state-of-the-art moving-magnet planar actuator *** Codes 37M15 © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Continuous time systems

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Detection-Triggered Recursive Impact Mitigation against Secondary False Data Injection Attacks in Microgrids

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Mengxiang Zhang, Xin Zhang, Rui Zhou, Zhuoran Zhang, Zhenyong Deng, Ruilong The Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom The National Grid ESO Wokingham United Kingdom The State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology The College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

The cybersecurity of microgrid has received widespread attentions due to the frequently reported attack accidents against distributed energy resource (DER) manufactures. Numerous impact mitigation schemes have been proposed to reduce or eliminate the impacts of false data injection attacks (FDIAs). Nevertheless, the existing methods either requires at least one neighboring trustworthy agent or may bring in unacceptable cost burdens. This paper aims to propose a detection-triggered recursive impact mitigation scheme that can timely and precisely counter the secondary FDIAs (SFDIAs) against the communication links among DERs. Once triggering attack alarms, the power line current readings will be utilised to observe the voltage bias injections through the physical interconnections among DERs, based on which the current bias injections can be recursively reconstructed from the residuals generated by unknown input observers (UIOs). The attack impacts are eliminated by subtracting the reconstructed bias from the incoming compromised data. The proposed mitigation method can work even in the worst case where all communication links are under SFDIAs and only require extra current sensors. The bias reconstruction performance under initial errors and system noises is theoretically analysed and the reconstruction error is proved to be bounded regardless of the electrical parameters. To avoid deploying current sensors on all power lines, a cost-effective deployment strategy is presented to secure a spanning tree set of communication links that can guarantee the secondary control performance. Extensive validation studies are conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbeds to validate the proposed method’s effectiveness against single/multiple and continuous/discontinuous SFDIAs. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cost effectiveness

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An Isomerism Learning Model to Solve Time-Varying Problems Through Intelligent Collaboration

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IEEE/CAA Journal of automatica Sinica 2023年第8期10卷 1772-1774页

作者： Zhihao Hao Guancheng Wang Bob Zhang Leyuan Fang Haisheng Li the Department of Computer and Information Science University of MacaoMacao 999078China the School of Data Science the Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen 518172 Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Shenzhen 518000 China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team Beijing 100040China IEEE the College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082 the Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518000China the Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048 the School of Computer Science and Engineering Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Dear Editor,This letter deals with a solution for time-varying problems using an intelligent computational(IC)algorithm driven by a novel decentralized machine learning approach called isomerism *** order to meet the challenges of the model’s privacy and security brought by traditional centralized learning models,a private permissioned blockchain is utilized to decentralize the model in order to achieve an effective coordination,thereby ensuring the credibility of the overall model without exposing the specific parameters and solution process.

关键词： ism thereby letter

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Collision Avoidance for Parametric Railway Lines by Supervisor control

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 105264-105279页

作者： Fotis N. Koumboulis Dimitrios G. Fragkoulis George E. Panagiotakis Konstantinos A. Ioannou Alexandros Nikolopoulos Department of Digital Industry Technologies Robotics Automatic Control and Cyber-Physical Systems Laboratory School of Science National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Euripus Campus Euboea Greece Core Department National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Euripus Campus Euboea Greece

In the present paper, two collision avoidance supervisor schemes are developed for a single line and one-way railway system, with a parametric number of stations and a parametric number of trains. The consecutive sections of the railway line are linked by Traffic Management Points, being equipped with either motion detectors and/or generalized traffic light indicators, in parametric positions. The parametric model of the railway system is developed. The goal of collision avoidance is translated to three alternative desired behaviors, for three different control schemes. The desired behaviors are formulated in sets of regular languages, being analytic and parametric with respect to the trains and the Traffic Management Points of the railway line. The supervisors realizing each language are designed in simple and transparent forms that can be implemented in different control architectures. The advantages of the supervisors of the second control scheme, regarding the arrival time of the trains, are demonstrated through the application of the supervisors to a developed testbed. The first supervisor scheme covers published results regarding one-way railway lines with two operating trains as a special case. For all control schemes, a reconfigurable supervisor control scheme, towards resilience to new faults and attacks, is designed.

关键词： Rail transportation Collision avoidance control systems Safety Europe Detectors Resilience Rails Logic Analytical models

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