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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Li, Changchun Dai, Yuanchao Feng, Lei Li, Ximing Wang, Bing Ouyang, Jihong College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University China Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University China Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore

Positive and Unlabeled (PU) learning refers to a special case of binary classification, and technically, it aims to induce a binary classifier from a few labeled positive training instances and loads of unlabeled instances. In this paper, we derive a theorem indicating that the probability boundary of the asymmetric disambiguation-free expected risk of PU learning is controlled by its asymmetric penalty, and we further empirically evaluated this theorem. Inspired by the theorem and its empirical evaluations, we propose an easy-to-implement two-stage PU learning method, namely Positive and Unlabeled Learning with Controlled Probability Boundary Fence (PUL-CPBF). In the first stage, we train a set of weak binary classifiers concerning different probability boundaries by minimizing the asymmetric disambiguation-free empirical risks with specific asymmetric penalty values. We can interpret these induced weak binary classifiers as a probability boundary fence. For each unlabeled instance, we can use the predictions to locate its class posterior probability and generate a stochastic label. In the second stage, we train a strong binary classifier over labeled positive training instances and all unlabeled instances with stochastic labels in a self-training manner. Extensive empirical results demonstrate that PUL-CPBF can achieve competitive performance compared with the existing PU learning baselines. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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SANS: Spatial-Aware Neural Solver for Plane Geometry Problem 27th

SANS: Spatial-Aware Neural Solver for Plane Geometry Proble...

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Lin, Zi-Hao Xiao, Shun-Xin Chen, Zi-Rong Li, Jian-Min Wang, Da-Han Zhang, Xu-Yao School of Computer and Information Engineering Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen361024 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Image Understanding Xiamen361024 China State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031781186

Geometry problem solving (GPS) is an important research direction in artificial intelligence. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of neural solvers in GPS. However, they are deficiencies in accurately representing spatial relationships of geometric primitives within visually rich geometric diagrams. This paper presents a novel neural solver termed spatial-aware neural solver (SANS) that can perceive spatial relationships between geometric primitives. SANS includes two new modules: multimodal dual-branch spatial awareness pre-trained language module and point-primitive spatial-aware attention module. The pre-training module employs a dual-branch visual-textual point-matching strategy to align visual and textual points, and utilizes semantic structure pre-training to model global relationships. Additionally, the point-primitive spatial awareness attention module enhances the model’s ability to perceive spatial relationships between geometric primitives by accounting for the relative positions of points. Experiments show that SANS achieves 81.5 and 74.1 of accuracy on the Geometry3K and PGPS9K datasets. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Semantics

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A Comprehensive Review on Deep Learning System Testing 24th

A Comprehensive Review on Deep Learning System Testing

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24th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2024

作者： Li, Ying Shan, Chun Liu, Zhen Liao, Shuyan Beijing Key Laboratory of Software Security Engineering Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Computer School Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing China School of Cyberspace Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819615476

Deep learning(DL) systems exhibit multiple behavioral characteristics such as correctness, robustness, and fairness. Ensuring that these behavioral characteristics function properly is crucial for maintaining the accuracy of DL systems’ outputs. As a specialized form of software, DL systems’ security testing techniques have increasingly become a focus of research in quality assurance. We analyze and organize the testing techniques for DL systems based on an investigation of the current state of the art both domestically and internationally. This paper categorizes existing approaches as component-oriented and attribute-oriented methods, providing a detailed review based on this classification. Additionally, we forecast the future development of testing techniques for DL systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Retinal disorder diagnosis based on hybrid deep learning models

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： Sedik, Ahmed El-Shafai, Walid El-Hag, Noha A. El-Banby, Ghada M. Abd El-Samie, Fathi E. Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafr el-Sheikh Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt The Higher Institute of Commercial Sciences Algarbia Al Mahalla Al Kubra31951 Egypt Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Anomaly detection from medical images is badly needed for automated diagnosis. For example, medical images obtained with several modalities, such as magnetic resonance (MR) and confocal microscopy, need to be classified for anomaly detection. The MR images may contain tumors that need to be detected with anomaly detection techniques. In MR imaging, brain tumors are represented as areas composed of abnormal cells that need to be detected. On the other hand, confocal microscopy can be used for retinal imaging. Hence, there is a need to apply classification techniques for diagnosing diseases of the eye, such as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), which leads to exudates in different regions of the retina. The detection of exudates is necessary for the diagnosis of DR. In this paper, two models are presented for the classification of MR and retinal images. Much research has been done in this area, but it did not achieve high accuracy of classification in an acceptable time. In addition, the previous models did not consider both types of image modalities considered in this paper. The suggested models are Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (Conv-LSTM). They are used to classify normal and abnormal cases of both brain tumor and DR diseases. The CNN model is composed of six convolutional layers and six max-pooling layers. A soft-max activation function takes the classification decision. The proposed Conv-LSTM model is composed of three stages: pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The deep learning model performance is better than those of traditional networks. The CNN gives an accuracy of 94.26% for DR classification and 95.8% for brain tumor classification, while the Conv-LSTM gives the maximum accuracy of 96.41% for DR classification and 97.4% for brain tumor classification. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Confocal microscopy

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New Dynamic Bayesian Network for Time-To-Event Prediction 21

New Dynamic Bayesian Network for Time-To-Event Prediction

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2024 IEEE/ACS 21st International Conference on computer systems and Applications, AICCSA 2024

作者： Ben Abdallah, Walid Njah, Hasna Jamoussi, Salma National Engineering School of Gabes Gabes University Tunisia Sfax University Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory Tunisia Higher Institute of Computer Sciences and Multimedia of Gabes Gabes University Tunisia Higher Institute of Computer Sciences and Multimedia of Sfax Sfax University Tunisia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518240

Time-To-event prediction is an important analytical approach in medical research and personalized medicine that aims to predict the timing of clinically relevant occurrences and find associated risk variables. In the context of chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), precisely modelling time to disease progression, adverse events, or therapeutic responses can have a significant impact on patient management strategies and clinical results. This study investigate the use of Bayesian networks(BN), augmented with a temporal factor, for time-To-event prediction in predicting disease progression in MS patients. We suggest using dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) as a versatile temporal modeling framework to capture the complex dynamics and inter-dependencies found in time-To-event processes. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Prediction models

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Generating Targeted Universal Adversarial Perturbation against Automatic Speech Recognition via Phoneme Tailoring

Generating Targeted Universal Adversarial Perturbation again...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Zhang, Yujun Chen, Yanqu Wang, Jiakai Hu, Jin Tao, Renshuai Liu, Xianglong State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment Beihang University China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University China College of Computer Science Beijing University of Technology China Zhongguancun Laboratory China School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University China Institute of Data Space Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

There is a growing concern about adversarial attacks against automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Although research into targeted universal adversarial examples (AEs) has progressed, current methods are constrained by inefficient exploitation of audio features, demonstrating insufficient attack ability and robustness in the physical world. To solve this problem, we propose a phoneme-tailored attack (PTA) to improve the quality of the generated AEs. Specifically, to improve attack ability, we propose a Diverse Audio Composition Enrichment method, which enhances the utilization of audio features through phoneme-level slicing and recombination. To adapt AEs to complex environments, we propose a Natural Noise Pattern Guidance method to align AEs with natural noise patterns to improve their robustness. Experiments show that our method achieves an average accuracy of more than 72.34% and 98% with and without a norm constraint, and also demonstrates excellent performance in terms of generalization across datasets and resilience to MP3 compression. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Automatic speech recognition natural noise pattern phoneme-level targeted universal adversarial examples

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Diving into Continual Ultra-fine-grained Visual Categorization

Diving into Continual Ultra-fine-grained Visual Categorizati...

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2023 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, DICTA 2023

作者： Zhang, Pengcheng Yu, Xiaohan Bai, Xiao Zheng, Jin Wu, Xiaoyu Gao, Yongsheng Beihang University School of Computer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Jiangxi Research Institute Beijing China Griffith University Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems Nathan4111 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382204

Recent advance in ultra-fine-grained visual categorization (ultra-FGVC) has significantly boosted the capability of deep neural networks for ultra-FGVC tasks. However, building models for continually learning to recognize increasing ultra-fine-grained categories is still under-explored. This limits the application of ultra-FGVC techniques in real-world production. To this, we take the first attempt for continual ultra-FGVC. By evaluating existing continual learning methods on the constructed continual ultra-FGVC benchmark, we observe that the main bottleneck lies in the limited model plasticity for incrementally adapting to new tasks. This can be caused by excessive anti-forgetting constraints as the difficult ultra-FGVC task requires substantial update of parameters, and over-fitting on early tasks given that the ultra-fine-grained categories are with very few training samples. To tackle these problems, we propose a joint self-supervised learning and prompting model. The prompt-based continual learning framework offers proper anti-forgetting operation by fixed pretrained vision transformer and adaptive prompt selection. By jointly optimizing the learnable prompts with an adversarial self-supervised loss, the over-fitting on each continual learning task is mitigated. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing continual learning methods on the challenging continual ultra-FGVC problem. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Insider Attack Detection Using Deep Belief Neural Network in Cloud Computing

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computer systems Science & engineering 2022年第5期41卷 479-492页

作者： A.S.Anakath R.Kannadasan Niju P.Joseph P.Boominathan G.R.Sreekanth School of Computing E.G.S.Pillay Engineering CollegeNagapattinam611002TamilnaduIndia Department of Software Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering(SCOPE)Vellore Institute of Technology UniversityVellore632014TamilnaduIndia Department of Computer Science CHRIST(Deemed to be University)Bengaluru560029India Department of Information Security School of Computer Science and Engineering(SCOPE)Vellore Institute of Technology UniversityVellore632014TamilnaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kongu Engineering CollegeErode638060TamilnaduIndia

Cloud computing is a high network infrastructure where users,owners,third users,authorized users,and customers can access and store their information *** use of cloud computing has realized the rapid increase of information in every field and the need for a centralized location for processing *** cloud is nowadays highly affected by internal threats of the *** applications such as banking,hospital,and business are more likely affected by real user *** intruder is presented as a user and set as a member of the *** becoming an insider in the network,they will try to attack or steal sensitive data during information sharing or *** major issue in today's technological development is identifying the insider threat in the cloud *** data are lost,compromising cloud users is *** and security are not ensured,and then,the usage of the cloud is not *** solutions are available for the external security of the cloud ***,insider or internal threats need to be *** this research work,we focus on a solution for identifying an insider attack using the artificial intelligence *** insider attack is possible by using nodes of weak users’*** will log in using a weak user id,connect to a network,and pretend to be a trusted ***,they can easily attack and hack information as an insider,and identifying them is very *** types of attacks need intelligent solutions.A machine learning approach is widely used for security *** date,the existing lags can classify the attackers *** information hijacking process is very absurd,which motivates young researchers to provide a solution for internal *** our proposed work,we track the attackers using a user interaction behavior pattern and deep learning *** usage of mouse movements and clicks and keystrokes of the real user is stored in a *** deep belief neural

关键词： Cloud computing security insider attack network security privacy user interaction behavior deep belief neural network

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A Dynamic Selective Parameter Sharing Mechanism Embedded with Multi-Level Reasoning Abstractions 26

A Dynamic Selective Parameter Sharing Mechanism Embedded wit...

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26th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2023

作者： Liu, Yan He, Ying Ming, Zhong Yu, F. Richard Shenzhen Key Lab of Digital & Intelligent Technologies & Systems College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University China Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9781643684369

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (Co-MARL) commonly employs different parameter sharing mechanisms, such as full and partial sharing. However, imprudent application of these mechanisms can potentially constrain policy diversity and limit cooperation flexibility. Recent methods that group agents into distinct sharing categories often exhibit poor performance due to challenges in precisely differentiating agents and neglecting the issue of promoting cooperation among these categories. To address these issues, we introduce a dynamic selective parameter sharing mechanism embedded with multi-level reasoning abstractions (DSPS-MA). Our approach uses self-comparison sequences to infer agents' abstract concepts, defining the differences between agents and allowing them to dynamically select partners to share parameters based on these abstract concepts. We also design an intrinsic reward to offer comprehensive collaboration guidance for agents, and introduce a policy cosine similarity regularization term to ensure sufficient policy diversity. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that our approach yields higher returns and faster convergence than state-of-the-art methods. © 2023 The Authors.

关键词： Dynamics

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An Efficient Blockchain-Based Healthcare System Using Artificial Intelligence

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 2721-2738页

作者： Aitizaz Ali Muhammad Fermi Pasha Ong Huey Fang Jehad Ali Mohammed A.Al.Zain Mehedi Masud Department of Software Systems and Cyber-Security School of ITMonash University47500Subang JayaMalaysia Department of Computer Engineering and Department of AI Convergence Network Ajou UniversitySuwon16499Korea Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif University11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif University11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia

Personal health records and electronic health records are considered as the most sensitive information in the healthcare *** solutions have been provided for implementing the digital health system using blockchain,but there are several challenges,such as secure access control and privacy is one of the prominent ***,we propose a novel framework and implemented an attribute-based access control system using ***,we have also integrated artificial intelligence(AI)based approach to identify the behavior and activity for security *** current methods only focus on the related clinical records received from a medical ***,existing methods are too inflexible to resourcefully sustenance metadata changes.A secure patient data access framework is proposed in this research,integrating blockchain,trust chain,and blockchain methods to overcome these problems in the literature for sharing and accessing digital healthcare *** have used a neural network and classifier to categorize the user access to our proposed *** proposed scheme provides an intelligent and secure blockchain-based access control system in the digital healthcare *** results surpass the existing solutions by collecting attributes such as the number of transactions,number of nodes,transaction delay,block creation,and signature verification time.

关键词： Personal health records blockchain technology artificial intelligence access control attributes health care system

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