A current source is one of the most important circuits in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) hardware systems for measuring conductive multiphase flows. One of its important and challenging features is to deliver a...
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A current source is one of the most important circuits in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) hardware systems for measuring conductive multiphase flows. One of its important and challenging features is to deliver a relatively large and constant current for a wide range of resistive loads, high signal to noise ratio, and a large bandwidth. To resolve this problem, three different current sources are discussed and compared. They are the Howland current source, an enhanced Howland current source and a dual op-amp current source. The constant-current characteristics is analyzed and compared in circuit principle. Simulation and experimental results show that the enhanced Howland is most stable among the three current sources when the frequency or load changes. Initial tests have proven the feasibility of EIT system with the enhanced Howland current source.
Considering the dynamic characteristics of the deformation zone, a new model of combined shape and thickness system in rolling process was proposed, regarding bending force and gauge as the main factors. Taking variou...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781849195379
Considering the dynamic characteristics of the deformation zone, a new model of combined shape and thickness system in rolling process was proposed, regarding bending force and gauge as the main factors. Taking various kinds of secondary causes, perturbation and disturbance into consideration, robust control methods were brought in. A mathematic model was proposed based on field data, then static decoupler and robust controller were developed with benefit of robust control toolbox in MATLAB. Simulation results show the effectiveness of tracing and decoupling and robustness for parameter perturbation.
A water flow diverter is an essential and error determining component of a liquid flow facility based on a static gravimetric system with flying start and finish. A new diverter was developed in order to reduce the un...
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Pt-resistance temperature sensors are very often used in gas-supply systems, and the sonic nozzle airflow standard facilities are no exception. In order to improve dynamic response of Pt thermal resistances and obtain...
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Pt-resistance temperature sensors are very often used in gas-supply systems, and the sonic nozzle airflow standard facilities are no exception. In order to improve dynamic response of Pt thermal resistances and obtain the detailed variation of temperature in pipeline and stagnation tank of airflow standard facility, a realization technique of the temperature compensation, using the model of heat transfer to acquire regularity of temperature change, solving the actual model of Pt thermal resistances and parameters of inverse model by particle swarm optimization algorithm and wavelet filtering algorithm, has been presented in detail. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of this compensation method.
In this work, the construction of a field-focusing capacitance sensor geometry in the pipeline for monitoring the multiphase flow of non-conductive materials is presented. With a built-in cone, the annular flew field ...
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In this work, the construction of a field-focusing capacitance sensor geometry in the pipeline for monitoring the multiphase flow of non-conductive materials is presented. With a built-in cone, the annular flew field is formed. The sensor geometry has the electrodes around the built-in cone and the inner wall of the tube for forming the field-focusing capacitance measurement form in annular field. Two typical sensitivity maps for the annular field-focusing geometry were calculated with a finite element approach and some typical situation with the sensitivity feature are discussed. Using the multiplexed excitation and parallel measurement scheme, the capacitance of the fluid in the sub-region which defined by the field-focusing sensor in the annular pipe is measured. The prototype sensor is formed by 16 by 16 electrodes, presenting a total of 256 sub-domain capacitance measurements. The annular field flow images can be obtained from the raw measurement data directly. Three annular field two phase flow types are used to carry out simulation experiments and the imaging capability is tested.
In order to make the operation of Beer filling production line automatic and efficient, the control of each subsection needs to be optimized. Arranging bottle is the first subsection of the beer filling production lin...
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In order to make the operation of Beer filling production line automatic and efficient, the control of each subsection needs to be optimized. Arranging bottle is the first subsection of the beer filling production line. And the realization of its control function plays an important role in the smooth operation of the entire production line. To address the issue of the automatic control problems in the arranging bottle process, PLC (programmable logic controller) technology is applied to realize the design of the control system architecture and control procedures. In the project of the control system, depending on the operating state, the functions of the motors and solenoid valves, which are the key parts, are designed. According to the different operation, timely adjustments are made to improve the system efficiency. Meanwhile, on the basis of the monitoring of the operational status and the design of the program, the system faults are diagnosed, and the appropriate control treatments are made, which achieves an automatic, efficient and stable operation of the arranging bottle process.
Multiphase flow phenomena are widespread in nature and production process. The study of the flow mechanism and characteristics are a very important in the multiphase pipe flow. The establishment of multiphase flow exp...
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Multiphase flow phenomena are widespread in nature and production process. The study of the flow mechanism and characteristics are a very important in the multiphase pipe flow. The establishment of multiphase flow experimental devices and systems is necessary in the study. In order to multi-phase pipe flow simulation, the small-scale physical experimental system based on the PLC control, and the experimental simulation system of based on Configuration software design are achieved. The physical experimental system can be achieved signals acquisition and control. Bubble flow, stratified flow, wavy flow, slug flow and other flow patterns can be formed in the experimental pipeline by changing the oil-gas-water flow rate. The virtual experimental system consists of the control interface and virtual physical interface. The simulation experiments of the multiphase flow generation can be achieved through the data exchange by two computers. This system meets the requirements for multiphase flow experiment.
Bubble flow video imaging device uses two high speed cameras to capture the bubble rising process in a transparent still sink. Tsai's two step calibration method, Zhang Zhengyou calibration method, Camera Calibrat...
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Bubble flow video imaging device uses two high speed cameras to capture the bubble rising process in a transparent still sink. Tsai's two step calibration method, Zhang Zhengyou calibration method, Camera Calibration Toolbox for Matlab are selected to do the calibration experiments on the high speed cameras. Each calibration method gives a different calibrated model. The accuracy of different model is compared. It's proved that Zhang's calibration method gives the most accurate model in this experiment. The fundamental of different calibration methods are given at the beginning. The calibrated model given by Zhang's method is used to revise bubble parameters extracted from bubble flow images.
Electromagnetic tomography (EMT) is of potentially practical value in the field of both industrial and biomedical detection. However, the sensitivity of the sensor array on the changes of the object field distribution...
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Electromagnetic tomography (EMT) is of potentially practical value in the field of both industrial and biomedical detection. However, the sensitivity of the sensor array on the changes of the object field distribution, sensitivity and accuracy of the system, measurement precision and system stability are highly dependent on excitation condition. In this paper, the excitation condition of EMT is analyzed with COMSOL Multiphysics the finite element analysis software, the effect can be discussed in two aspects. One is the direct effect on the measurement results from the change of the excitation condition; another is the changing affect on the distribution of integrated sensing field. In this paper, two elements were set which would lead to the change of the excitation condition, the excitation frequency and the excitation strategy. These two elements would affect the sensing field from diverse aspects.
Differential pressure (DP) flow meters are playing an increasingly important role in multiphase flow in petroleum industry. The long waist cone flow meter, as a new type of DP flow meter, is introduced in this paper. ...
Differential pressure (DP) flow meters are playing an increasingly important role in multiphase flow in petroleum industry. The long waist cone flow meter, as a new type of DP flow meter, is introduced in this paper. And its flow field in a horizontal pipe of 50mm diameter is numerically simulated with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), in search of the optimum pressure-tapping method. The results of numerical simulations indicate that the long waist cone flow meter has the merits of the annular channel flow meters by forming an annular flow in annular channel region, which makes it possible to improve the repeatability and accuracy of measurement. The high pressure port at the 1D upstream of the cone's entrance section and the low pressure port at the middle of annular channel region and 3D downstream of the cone's exit section are the optimum pressure-tapping methods. The relative error of discharge coefficient is within ±0.5%. This investigation will provide a theoretical and design basis for the development of new DP flow meters.
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