Zinc oxide(ZnO)shows great potential in electronics,but its large intrinsic thermal conductivity limits its thermoelectric *** this work,we explore the significant carrier transport capacity and diameter-dependent the...
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Zinc oxide(ZnO)shows great potential in electronics,but its large intrinsic thermal conductivity limits its thermoelectric *** this work,we explore the significant carrier transport capacity and diameter-dependent thermoelectric characteristics of wurtzite-ZnO(0001)nanowires based on first-principles and molecular dynamics *** the synergistic effect of band degeneracy and weak phonon-electron scattering,P-type(ZnO)_(73) nanowires achieve an ultrahigh power factor above 1500μW·cm^(-1)·K^(-2)over a wide temperature *** lattice thermal conductivity and carrier transport properties of ZnO nanowires exhibit a strong diameter size *** the ZnO nanowire diameter exceeds 12.72A,the carrier transport properties increase significantly,while the thermal conductivity shows a slight increase with the diameter size,resulting in a ZT value of up to 6.4 at 700 K for P-type(ZnO)_(73).For the first time,the size effect is also illustrated by introducing two geometrical configurations of the ZnO *** work theoretically depicts the size optimization strategy for the thermoelectric conversion of ZnO nanowires.
The high-speed railway track-bridge system(HSRTBS)is susceptible to damage under the effects of earthquakes,thus threatening the safety of running *** improve the seismic performance of HSRTBS and reduce damage to the...
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The high-speed railway track-bridge system(HSRTBS)is susceptible to damage under the effects of earthquakes,thus threatening the safety of running *** improve the seismic performance of HSRTBS and reduce damage to the system,a replaceable X-shaped Energy Dissipating Steel Damper(X-EDSD)is proposed,which contains the energy-dissipating component(EDC)to dissipate the earthquake *** tests were performed to obtain the hysteretic performance of the EDC and X-EDSD,and a test-validated numerical model was developed to conduct parametric *** X-EDSD was simplified as a nonlinear spring element with hysteretic parameters and modeled into the numerical model of the HSRTBS for seismic dynamic *** peak displacements of girder and rail decreased by approximately 48.1%and 47.7%,*** peak deflections of the fasteners,cement asphalt mortar layer and sliding layer were reduced by 70.4%,70.8%,and 86.1%,respectively.A comprehensive consideration of the system response control-economic cost ratio coefficient R_(pe)is proposed,and the optimal thickness of 14.94 mm is obtained by applying cubic term coefficient fitting according to 5 groups of steel plate thickness data for the specific case study in this *** method can be used for cost-informed X-EDSD-selection for seismic mitigation of HSRTBS.
This paper concentrates on the sensitivity and dynamic simulation of randomly distributed karst cave groups on tunnel stability and connectivity extended ratio based on water–rock interaction using a novel contact dy...
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This paper concentrates on the sensitivity and dynamic simulation of randomly distributed karst cave groups on tunnel stability and connectivity extended ratio based on water–rock interaction using a novel contact dynamic method(CDM).The concept of karst cave group connectivity extended ratio during tunneling and water inrush is *** effects of cave shape and spatial distribution on Qiyueshan tunnel are *** deformation and damage index,and connectivity extended ratio with uniform random karst cave groups are *** results demonstrate that the connectivity extended ratio is verified as a crucial judgment in predicting the safe distance and assessing the stability of the tunnel with the karst cave *** model captures the fracture propagation and contact behavior of rock mass,surface flow,as well as the bidirectional water–rock interaction during the water inrush of Qiyueshan tunnel with multiple caves.A larger cave radius and smaller minimum distance between the cave and tunnel increase the deformation and damage index of the surrounding *** the cave radius and cave area ratio increase,the failure pattern shifts from overall to local *** findings potentially have broad applications in various surface and subsurface scenarios involving water–rock interactions.
Anaerobic digestion(AD)is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste ***,the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge *** this study,an efficient and eco-friendly lysozy...
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Anaerobic digestion(AD)is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste ***,the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge *** this study,an efficient and eco-friendly lysozyme pre-treatment method was utilized to address these *** optimizing lysozyme dosage,hydrolysis and cell lysis were ***,lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment enhanced overall *** indicate that:(1)When lysozyme dosage reached 90 mg/g TS after 240 min of pretreatment,SCOD,soluble polysaccharides,and protein content reached their maxima at 855.00,44.09,and 204.86 mg/L,*** represented an increase of 85.87%,365.58%,and 259.21%compared to the untreated *** fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the highest fluorescence intensity in the IV region(soluble microbial product),promoting microbial metabolic activity.(2)Lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment significantly increased SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release from sludge,reducing SCOD release *** experiments identified Group 3 as the most effective for SCOD and soluble polysaccharide release,while Group 9 released the most soluble *** significance order of factors influencing SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release is hydrothermal temperature>hydrothermal time>enzymatic digestion time.(3)The lysozyme-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment group exhibited the fastest release and the highest SCOD concentration of 8,135.00 mg/L during anaerobic *** SCOD consumption and cumulative gas production increased by 95.89%and 130.58%,respectively,compared to the control group,allowing gas production to conclude 3 days earlier.
Estimating lighting from standard images can effectively circumvent the need for resourceintensive high-dynamic-range(HDR)lighting ***,this task is often ill-posed and challenging,particularly for indoor scenes,due to...
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Estimating lighting from standard images can effectively circumvent the need for resourceintensive high-dynamic-range(HDR)lighting ***,this task is often ill-posed and challenging,particularly for indoor scenes,due to the intricacy and ambiguity inherent in various indoor illumination *** propose an innovative transformer-based method called SGformer for lighting estimation through modeling spherical Gaussian(SG)distributions—a compact yet expressive lighting *** from previous approaches,we explore underlying local and global dependencies in lighting features,which are crucial for reliable lighting ***,we investigate the structural relationships spanning various resolutions of SG distributions,ranging from sparse to dense,aiming to enhance structural consistency and curtail potential stochastic noise stemming from independent SG component *** harnessing the synergy of local–global lighting representation learning and incorporating consistency constraints from various SG resolutions,the proposed method yields more accurate lighting estimates,allowing for more realistic lighting effects in object relighting and *** code and model implementing our work can be found at https://***/junhong-jennifer-zhao/SGformer.
Herein,we present a method for the homogeneous hydrogenation of nitroarenes to produce anilines using low catalyst loading(1 mo%)of copper N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as the catalyst and ammonia borane as the sou...
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Herein,we present a method for the homogeneous hydrogenation of nitroarenes to produce anilines using low catalyst loading(1 mo%)of copper N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as the catalyst and ammonia borane as the source of hydrogen.A wide range of nitroarenes,featuring diverse functional groups,were selectively transformed into their corresponding primary aromatic amines with high *** process can be readily scaled up and exhibits compatibility with various sensitive functional groups,including halogen,trifluoromethyl,aminomethyl,alkenyl,cyano,ester,amide,and ***,this catalytic methodology finds application in the synthesis of essential drug *** investigations suggest that the in-situ-generated Cu-H species may serve as active intermediates,with reduction pathways involving species such as azobenzene,1,2-diphenylhydrazine,nitrosobenzene,and N-phenylhydroxylamine.
Recently,numerous mechanically robust synthetic hydrogels have been ***,unlike natural loading-bearing materials such as cartilages and muscles,most hydrogels have inherently contradictory requirements,obstructing the...
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Recently,numerous mechanically robust synthetic hydrogels have been ***,unlike natural loading-bearing materials such as cartilages and muscles,most hydrogels have inherently contradictory requirements,obstructing the design of hydrogels with characteristics of robustness and rapid ***,we present a facile strategy for constructing mechanically robust and rapidly self-recoverable *** linear poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid)chains crosslink via coordination bonds and minimal chemical crosslinkers to form the hydrogel *** design endows the coordination interactions to be asymmetrically *** deformation,the coordination interactions exhibit a reversible dissociation-and-reorganization property,demonstrating a new mechanism for energy dissipation and stress ***,the hydrogels possess tensile strength up to 12.5 MPa and toughness up to 28.2 MJ/***,the inherent dynamic nature of the coordination bonds imparts these hydrogels with stretch rate-and temperature-dependent mechanical behavior as well as excellent self-recovery *** method employed in this study is universal and is applicable to other polymers with load-bearing yet rapid recovery *** study will facilitate diverse applications of most metallosupramolecular hydrogels.
The tubular Miura-ori(TMO)structure has attracted much attention due to its excellent folding capability and rich application ***,the existing theoretical research on origami structure is overly complex,and kinematic ...
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The tubular Miura-ori(TMO)structure has attracted much attention due to its excellent folding capability and rich application ***,the existing theoretical research on origami structure is overly complex,and kinematic analysis rarely involves bending *** the present work,based on geometric kinematics,“equivalent deformation mechanism”is proposed to study the axial and bending motions of TMO under small in-plane ***,the geometric design is studied using the vector expression of *** simplify the kinematic analysis of axial motion,TMO deformation is equated to a change in *** proposed method is also applicable to bending motion,because both bending and axial motions can be described using similar deformation *** addition,the accuracy of the proposed method is validated through numerical analysis,and the error between analytical and numerical solutions is sufficiently small for the folding angleγ∈[25°,65°].Finally,the numerical simulation is validated with mechanical *** show the effectiveness of the proposed method in describing the kinematic law of TMO structures in a simple *** research sheds light on the kinematic analysis of other origami structures and establishes a theoretical framework for their applications in aerospace engineering,origami-based metamaterials,and robotics.
In recent years,studies focusing on the conversion of renewable lignin-derived oxygenates(LDOs)have emphasized their potential as alternatives to fossil-based ***,LDOs,existing as complex aromatic mixtures with divers...
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In recent years,studies focusing on the conversion of renewable lignin-derived oxygenates(LDOs)have emphasized their potential as alternatives to fossil-based ***,LDOs,existing as complex aromatic mixtures with diverse oxygen-containing functional groups,pose a challenge as they cannot be easily separated via distillation for direct utilization.A promising solution to this challenge lies in the efficient removal of oxygen-containing functional groups from LDOs through hydrodeoxygenation(HDO),aiming to yield biomass products with singular ***,the high dissociation energy of the carbon-oxygen bond,coupled with its similarity to the hydrogenation energy of the benzene ring,creates a competition between deoxygenation and benzene ring *** hydrogen consumption and lignin properties,the preference is directed towards generating aromatic hydrocarbons rather than saturated ***,the goal is to selectively remove oxygen-containing functional groups while preserving the benzene ring *** on LDOs conversion have indicated that the design of active components and optimization of reaction conditions play pivotal roles in achieving selective deoxygenation,but a summary of the correlation between these factors and the reaction mechanism is *** review addresses this gap in knowledge by firstly summarizing the various reaction pathways for HDO of *** explores the impact of catalyst design strategies,including morphology modulation,elemental doping,and surface modification,on the adsorption-desorption dynamics between reactants and ***,we delve into the application of advanced techniques such as spectroscopic techniques and computational modeling,aiding in uncovering the true active sites in HDO reactions and understanding the interaction of reactive reactants with catalyst ***,fundamental insights into selective deoxygenation obtained through these techniqu
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling is an approach employed to predict the biological response of chemical compounds by considering their structural attributes. Classification machine learning...
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