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Comparisons of Soil Moisture Datasets over the Tibetan Plateau and application to the Simulation of Asia Summer Monsoon Onset

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第2期27卷 303-314页

作者：包庆刘屹岷施建成吴国雄 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Computational Earth System Science University of California

The influence of soil moisture on Asian monsoon simulation/prediction was less studied, partly due to a lack of available and reliable soil moisture datasets. In this study, we firstly compare several soil moisture datasets over the Tibetan Plateau, and find that the remote sensing products from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for earth Observing system （AMSR-E） can capture realistic temporal variations of soil moisture better than the two reanalyses （NCEP and ECMWF） during the pre-monsoon seasons. Using the AMSR-E soil moisture product, we investigate the impacts of soil moisture over the Tibetan Plateau on Asian summer monsoon onset based on a Spectral Atmospheric Model developed at IAP/LASG （SAMIL）. Comparison between results with and without the assimilation of remotely sensed soil moisture data demonstrates that with soil moisture assimilated into SAMIL, the land-sea thermal contrast during pre-monsoon seasons is more realistic. Accordingly, the simulation of summer monsoon onset dates over both the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea regions are more accurate with AMSR-E soil moisture assimilated. This study reveals that the application of the soil moisture remote sensing products in a numerical model could potentially improve prediction of the Asian summer monsoon onset.

关键词： soil moisture remote sensing AMSR-E and ASM onset

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Can Large-Scale Satellite Products Track the Effects of Atmospheric Dryness and Soil Water Deficit on Ecosystem Productivity Under Droughts?

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Geophysical Research Letters 2025年第8期52卷

作者： Wang, Xiaorong Guo, Zhengfei Zhang, Kun Fu, Zheng Lee, Calvin K. F. Yang, Dedi Detto, Matteo Zhang, Yongguang Wu, Jin School of Biological Sciences Research Area of Ecology and Biodiversity The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute Oak RidgeTN United States Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application International Institute for Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong

Drought stress, characterized by increased vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil water content (SWC) deficit, significantly impacts ecosystem productivity (GPP). Accurately assessing these factors in satellite remote sensing (RS) GPP products is crucial for understanding the large-scale ecological consequences of drought. However, the accuracy of RS GPP in capturing the effects of VPD and SWC deficit, compared to EC flux data, remains under-investigated. Here we evaluated 10 RS GPP products and their mean (RSmean) concerning VPD and SWC deficit across diverse ecosystems along a dryness gradient. Our results revealed that RSmean and individual products generally capture the GPP response direction (VPD: mainly negative, SWC deficit: mixed positive/negative) but consistently misestimate the absolute GPP changes. This discrepancy is ecosystem-specific and consistent across all RS products, underscoring the need to enhance RS products to better account for ecosystem-specific VPD effects and non-linear SWC deficit responses, thereby improving RS GPP accuracy under drought. © 2025 Oak Ridge National laboratory and The Author(s).

关键词： Soil moisture

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New approach to incorporating the impacts of non-hydrostatic perturbations in atmospheric models

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2017年第5期10卷 379-384页

作者： ZHANG Fa-Bo WANG Bin LI Li-Juan State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Center of Earth System Science (CESS) Tsinghua University

How to properly consider the impacts of non-hydrostatic perturbations is one of the challenging issues in developing non-hydrostatic dynamics solvers（NHDSs） for high-resolution atmospheric models. To overcome the drawbacks of current approaches to tackling this issue, this study analyzed the differences between hydrostatic dynamics solvers（HDSs） and their non-hydrostatic *** analysis then motivated a flexible approach to adjusting existing hydrostatic atmospheric models,especially those adopted in climate simulations for the impacts of non-hydrostatic *** this approach, the impacts of non-hydrostatic perturbations, reflecting the differences between HDSs and NHDSs, were encapsulated into a single term in the vertical momentum equation for the atmosphere. At each time step, this term was estimated by a separate sub-model, and then it was used to adjust the dynamics of the atmosphere. The adjustment was optional, and could be turned on and off flexibly by utilizing different initial conditions. The approach was illustrated using the Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF） model as an example, and was preliminarily validated by running the 3D baroclinic-wave test case in the model. Results showed that the modified dynamics solver produced simulation results that were very close to those given by the standard NHDS in the WRF model, implying that the approach was basically effective in capturing the non-hydrostatic features of the atmosphere.

关键词： Hydrostatic non-hydrostatic dynamics solver WRF

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Estimating the Predictability Limit of Tropical Cyclone Tracks over the Western North Pacific Using Observational Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第12期35卷 1491-1504页

作者： Quanjia ZHONG Lifeng ZHANG Jianping LI Ruiqiang DING Jie FENG State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense Technology College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology College of Global Change and Earth System Sciences Beijing Normal University School of Meteorology University of Oklahoma

In this study,the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent(NLLE)approach was used to quantitatively determine the predictability limit of tropical cyclone(TC)tracks based on observed TC track data obtained from the Joint Typhoon Warning *** results show that the predictability limit of all TC tracks over the whole western North Pacific(WNP)basin is about 102 h,and the average lifetime of all TC tracks is about 174 *** predictability limits of the TC tracks for short-,medium-,and long-lived TCs are approximately 72 h,120 h,and 132 h,*** predictability limit of the TC tracks depends on the TC genesis location,lifetime,and intensity,and further analysis indicated that these three metrics are closely *** more intense and longer-lived TCs tend to be generated on the eastern side of the WNP(EWNP),whereas the weaker and shorter-lived TCs tend to form in the west of the WNP(WWNP)and the South China Sea(SCS).The relatively stronger and longer-lived TCs,which are generated mainly in the EWNP,have a longer travel time before they curve northeastwards and hence tend to be more predictable than the relatively weaker and shorter-lived TCs that form in the WWNP region and ***,the results show that the predictability limit of the TC tracks obtained from the best-track data may be underestimated due to the relatively short observational records currently *** work is needed,employing a numerical model to assess the predictability of TC tracks.

关键词： predictability tropical cyclone tracks nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent

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Water Vapor and Cloud Radiative Forcings over the Pacific Ocean Simulated by the LASG/IAP AGCM:Sensitivity to Convection Schemes

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第1期28卷 80-98页

作者：吴春强周天军孙德征包庆 The State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Cooperative Institute for Environmental Studies/University of Colorado Earth System Research Laboratory/NOAA The State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences andGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Characteristics of the total clear-sky greenhouse effect （GA） and cloud radiative forcings （CRFs）, along with the radiative-related water vapor and cloud properties simulated by the Spectral Atmospheric Model developed by LASGIAP （SAMIL） are evaluated. Impacts of the convection scheme on the simulation of CRFs are discussed by using two AMIP （Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project） type simulations employing different convection schemes： the new Zhang-McFarlane （NZH） and Tiedtke （TDK） convection schemes. It shows that both the climatological GA and its response to El Nio warming are simulated well, both in terms of spatial pattern and magnitude. The impact of the convection scheme on GA is not significant. The climatological longwave CRF （LWCRF） and its response to El Nio warming are simulated well, but with a prominently weaker magnitude. The simulation of the climatology （response） of LWCRF in the NZH （TDK） run is slightly more realistic than in the TDK （NZH） simulation, indicating significant impacts of the convection scheme. The shortwave CRF （SWCRF） shows large biases in both spatial pattern and magnitude, and the results from the TDK run are better than those from the NZH run. A spuriously excessive negative climatological SWCRF over the southeastern Pacific and an insufficient response of SWCRF to El Nio warming over the tropical Pacific are seen in the NZH run. These two biases are alleviated in the TDK run, since it produces vigorous convection, which is related to the low threshold for convection to take place. Also, impacts of the convection scheme on the cloud profile are discussed.

关键词： SAMIL convection scheme cloud radiative forcing greenhouse effect

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Pressure gradient errors in a covariant method of implementing theσ-coordinate:idealized experiments and geometric analysis

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2016年第4期9卷 270-276页

作者： LI Jin-Xi LI Yi-Yuan WANG Bin State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling and Center for Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

A new approach is proposed to use the covariant scalar equations of the a-coordinate （the covariant method）, in which the pressure gradient force （PGF） has only one term in each horizontal momentum equation, and the PGF errors are much reduced in the computational space. In addition, the validity of reducing the PGF errors by this covariant method in the computational and physical space over steep terrain is investigated. First, the authors implement a set of idealized experiments of increasing terrain slope to compare the PGF errors of the covariant method and those of the classic method in the computational space. The results demonstrate that the PGF errors of the covariant method are consistently much-reduced, compared to those of the classic method. More importantly, the steeper the terrain, the greater the reduction in the ratio of the PGF errors via the covariant method. Next, the authors use geometric analysis to further investigate the PGF errors in the physical space, and the results illustrates that the PGF of the covariant method equals that of the classic method in the physical space; namely, the covariant method based on the non-orthogonal a-coordinate cannot reduce the PGF errors in the physical space. However, an orthogonal method can reduce the PGF errors in the physical space. Finally, a set of idealized experiments are carried out to validate the results obtained by the geometric analysis. These results indicate that the covariant method may improve the simulation of variables relevant to pressure, in addition to pressure itself, near steep terrain.

关键词： Pressure gradient forceerrors covariant scalarequations of the o-coordinate steep terrain computational andphysical space geometricanalysis non-orthogonala-coordinate

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Nonlinear Local Lyapunov Exponent and Quantification of Local Predictability

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第5期25卷 1919-1922页

作者：丁瑞强李建平 HA Kyung-Ja State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 Division of Earth Environmental ~System Pusan National University Busan 609- 735 Korea

Nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent （NLLE） is applied to quantitatively determine the local predictability limit of chaotic systems. As an example, we find that the local predictability limit of Henon attractor varies considerably with time, and some underlying phase-spatial structure does not appear. The local predictability limit of initially adjacent points in phase space may be completely different. This will cause difficulties in making the long-time analogue forecast.

关键词： ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTABILITY

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application of Raman Spectroscopy in Oil and Gas Geological Research

Journal of GeoEnergy

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Journal of GeoEnergy 2025年第1期2025卷

作者： Yu Lin Hongjian Zhu Hongye Feng Yiwen Ju Yanjun Lu Yanyan Pan Ci Song School of Vehicles and Energy Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066000 China *** Hebei Engineering Research Center for Low Carbon Development and Resource Utilization of Fossil Energy Sources Qinhuangdao 066000 China Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China *** National Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China ***

Raman spectroscopy has shown considerable potential in the study of organic macerals in source rocks due to its significant benefits of accuracy, efficiency, and in situ nondestructive detection. This technology successfully applies to the reconstruction of paleotemperature and pressure environments, the quantitative evaluation of organic matter maturity, and the construction of a carbon Raman spectroscopy geothermometer model. The present study systematically examines the intrinsic relationship and the application between Raman parameters and material composition and molecular structure, as well as the application, challenges, and future directions of Raman spectroscopy in the current research field of source rock evaluation.

关键词： fluid inclusion metamorphic geothermometer organic matter maturity Raman spectroscopy

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A Neural-network-based Alternative Scheme to Include Nonhydrostatic Processes in an Atmospheric Dynamical Core

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1083-1099,I0002,I0003页

作者： Yang XIA Bin WANG Lijuan LI Li LIU Jianghao LI Li DONG Shiming XU Yiyuan LI Wenwen XIA Wenyu HUANG Juanjuan LIU Yong WANG Hongbo LIU Ye PU Yujun HE Kun XIA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling and Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Group 311020008 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhai 519000China Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and Remote Sensing Center Shanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Earth System Modeling and Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China College of Ocean Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Here,a nonhydrostatic alternative scheme(NAS)is proposed for the grey zone where the nonhydrostatic impact on the atmosphere is evident but not large enough to justify the necessity to include an implicit nonhydrostatic solver in an atmospheric dynamical *** NAS is designed to replace this solver,which can be incorporated into any hydrostatic models so that existing well-developed hydrostatic models can effectively serve for a longer *** advances in machine learning(ML)provide a potential tool for capturing the main complicated nonlinear-nonhydrostatic *** this study,an ML approach called a neural network(NN)was adopted to select leading input features and develop the *** NNs were trained and evaluated with 12-day simulation results of dry baroclinic-wave tests by the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)*** forward time difference of the nonhydrostatic tendency was used as the target variable,and the five selected features were the nonhydrostatic tendency at the last time step,and four hydrostatic variables at the current step including geopotential height,pressure in two different forms,and potential temperature,***,a practical NAS was developed with these features and trained layer by layer at a 20-km horizontal resolution,which can accurately reproduce the temporal variation and vertical distribution of the nonhydrostatic *** by the NN-based NAS,the improved hydrostatic solver at different horizontal resolutions can run stably for at least one month and effectively reduce most of the nonhydrostatic errors in terms of system bias,anomaly root-mean-square error,and the error of the wave spatial pattern,which proves the feasibility and superiority of this scheme.

关键词： neural network nonhydrostatic alternative scheme atmospheric model dynamical core

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Ground–Space–Sky Observing system Experiment during Tropical Cyclone Mulan in August 2022

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第2期40卷 194-200页

作者： Pak-wai CHAN Wei HAN Betty MAK Xiaohao QIN Yongzhu LIU Ruoying YIN Jincheng WANG Hong Kong Observatory Hong KongChina China Meteorological Administration Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre Beijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Forecasting tropical cyclone track and intensity is a great challenge for the meteorological community,and safeguarding the life and property of people living near the coast is an important *** major reason for challenging forecasts is the lack of observations over the vast *** tropical cyclone Mulan between 8 and 10 August 2022 over the northern part of the South China Sea,the meteorological authority and research institutes of Chinese mainland collaborated with the meteorological service in Hong Kong on conducting the first-ever ground–space–sky observing system experiment on tropical cyclone *** enhanced targeted observations collected during the experiment include Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder,round-trip radiosondes,and aircraft-launched *** paper describes the campaign,technical details of the meteorological models used,and impact of the additional targeted observation data on the tropical cyclone ***,similar enhanced observation campaigns could be conducted in the future,not only in the northern part of the South China Sea,but also in other ocean basins.

关键词： meteorological cyclone tropical

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