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Fast construction and exploration of performance-cost design space for belief propagation polar decoders

Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 401-402页

作者： Chao JI You YOU Weikang QIAN Yongming HUANG Chuan ZHANG Laboratory of Efficient Architectures for Digital-communication and Signal-processing (LEADS) National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Purple Mountain Laboratories University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Considering polar codes in the channel coding field, belief propagation(BP) polar decoding stands out as a potential solution for high-throughput applications due to its inherent advantage on high parallelism, and also emerging other improved BP-based decoding such as BP flip(BPF) [1, 2] and BP list(BPL) [3,4] polar decoders.

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Implementation of a concentration-controlled chemical clock

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第12期64卷 262-264页

作者： Chongzhou FANG Lulu GE Xiaosi TAN Ziyuan SHEN Zaichen ZHANG Xiaohu YOU Chuan ZHANG Lab of Efficient Architectures for Digital-communication and Signal-processing (LEADS) Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University

Dear editor,In recent decades, researchers have started seeking for substitutes for silicon based circuits to perform computation in other fields, including synthetic biology and molecular computing [1, 2].Previous re... 详细信息

关键词： Chemical clock DNA strand displacement Mass action kinetics Molecular computing Concentration

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Modifying Belief Propagation MIMO Detector with Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm

Modifying Belief Propagation MIMO Detector with Multi-Object...

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Information communication Technologies Conference (ICTC)

作者： Zihe Wang Xiaosi Tan Wenyue Zhou Yongming Huang Chuan Zhang Lab of Efficient Architectures for Digital-communication and Signal-processing (LEADS) National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350373523

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373530

This paper proposes modified-BP (mBP), a novel approach that leverages a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) to enhance belief propagation (BP) for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection. mBP optimizes the BP algorithm by determining the optimal search space size and number of iterations for improved computational efficiency. Numerical results demonstrate the significant reduction in computational complexity of mBP compared to the state-of-the-art belief-selective propagation (BsP) algorithm. Additionally, mBP shows negligible performance degradation in most scenarios, with some configurations even exhibiting slight performance enhancement, which high-lights mBP’s potential as an efficient and effective detector for MIMO systems.

关键词： Degradation Detectors Evolutionary computation Massive MIMO Propagation losses communications technology Computational efficiency

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Code Length Compatible Belief Propagation Polar Decoder Based on Folding and Unfolding

Code Length Compatible Belief Propagation Polar Decoder Base...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Muhao Li Huizheng Wang Yifei Shen Xiaosi Tan Chuan Zhang Lab of Efficient Architectures for Digital-Communication and Signal-Processing (LEADS) National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350330991

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331004

This paper presents a code-length compatible architecture for belief propagation (BP) polar decoders. This decoder incorporates folding and unfolding techniques with control signals, allowing it to decode codes with varying code lengths. By modifying the architecture originally designed for code length N, the proposed decoder can handle codes of length 2 i N, where i ∈ Z + using folding, and i ∈ Z − using unfolding. To reduce the critical path and implementation complexity, a new routing design is proposed. Moreover, we introduce a memory architecture utilizing shift registers instead of RAM to increase the throughput. We demonstrate gate-level implementations to illustrate the design’s architecture. Finally, we analyze the throughput, area, and power consumption of the decoders. Compared with traditional single-column designs with N = 1024, the proposed decoder architecture can achieve up to 136% hardware efficiency while consuming 1.6% less area.

关键词： Codes Power demand Random access memory Throughput Shift registers Routing Hardware

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Block-Diagonal Belief-Propagation Detection for

Block-Diagonal Belief-Propagation Detection for

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Information communication Technologies Conference (ICTC)

作者： Bohan Yang Wenyue Zhou Zeqiong Tan Xiaosi Tan Yongming Huang Chuan Zhang Lab of Efficient Architectures for Digital-communication and Signal-processing (LEADS) National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350373523

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373530

Cell-Free Massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) is a promising technology owing to its high user spectrum efficiency. However, CF-mMIMO faces the challenges of baseband signal processing, especially for uplink data detection. In this paper, Gaussian interference of approximation (GAI) Belief Propagation (BP) detection is utilized for CF-mMIMO systems to achieve near-optimal performance. Based on the natural feature of the block-diagonal (BD) channel matrix, a reduced-complexity GAI-BP, which is named BD-GAI-BP, is proposed to save the computational complexity while maintaining the performance merits. Numerical results show that compared with the state-of-the-art data detection algorithm, the GAI-BP detection supports 28.93% more UEs with $BER =10^{-3}$. The proposed BD-GAI-BP saves 10.94% computational costs while achieving comparable performance with the GAI-BP.

关键词： Degradation Massive MIMO Interference signal processing communications technology Computational efficiency Detection algorithms

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Local Subdivisional Channel Estimation in RIS-Assisted THz MIMO-OFDM Systems

Local Subdivisional Channel Estimation in RIS-Assisted THz M...

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Information communication Technologies Conference (ICTC)

作者： Yifang Dai Wuqiong Zhao You You Yongming Huang Chuan Zhang Lab of Efficient Architectures for Digital-communication and Signal-processing (LEADS) National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350373523

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373530

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) offer significant performance gains for terahertz (THz) multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. However, channel estimation (CE) in high-dimensional RIS channels remains challenging. This paper proposes a compressed sensing (CS)-based CE method that separates angle and gain estimation, reducing pilot overhead and computational complexity. We leverage spatial path selection enabled by designed beam and reflection patterns to reduce dimensionality. Our method achieves over $35 \%$ pilot overhead reduction and significantly improves computational efficiency, while maintaining accuracy comparable to existing methods.

关键词： Accuracy Simulation Channel estimation Estimation Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces Performance gain Robustness

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Distributed Belief Propagation Detection for User-Centric Cell-Free Massive MIMO

Distributed Belief Propagation Detection for User-Centric Ce...

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International Symposium on Wireless communication Systems (ISWCS)

作者： Kaining Yang Wenyue Zhou Xiaosi Tan Yongming Huang Chuan Zhang Lab of Efficient Architectures for Digital-Communication and Signal-Processing (LEADS) National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350362510

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362527

Benefiting from its near-optimal performance and hardware-friendly architecture, Belief Propagation (BP) detection has become an attractive approach for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. However, its application in the recently emerged Cell-Free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) still remains unexplored. In response to this gap, this paper proposes a distributed BP detection algorithm tailored for user-centric CF-mMIMO systems. The proposed detector comprises two modules: 1) Module A for posterior messages updating at each access point (AP), and 2) Module B for computing a priori messages at the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU and APs iteratively exchange the updated messages until reaching the maximum number of iterations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed distributed BP detector outperforms the recent art by 7.0 dB SNR gains at 0.1 BER for a CF-mMIMO with 4 distributed APs, each equipped with 8 antennas to serve 8 single-antenna UEs in 16-QAM modulation.

关键词： Wireless communication Simulation Modulation Massive MIMO Detectors Central processing Unit Detection algorithms

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FLAG: Formula-LLM-Based Auto-Generator for Baseband Hardware

FLAG: Formula-LLM-Based Auto-Generator for Baseband Hardware

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Yunwei Mao You You Xiaosi Tan Yongming Huang Xiaohu You Chuan Zhang Lab of Efficient Architectures for Digital-Communication and Signal-Processing (LEADS) National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350330991

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331004

Traditional hardware auto-generators efficiently assist designers in circuits generation, but still demand high programming skills. Large Language Models (LLMs) allow natural language programming, however, struggle with complex concepts in hardware design. To address this, we propose a formula-LLM-based auto-generator for baseband hardware, called FLAG. FLAG enhances LLMs’ understanding of complex formulas, and decreases the demands for designers’ skills. We showcase the ability of FLAG by generating a polar encoder with code length 8 and parallelism 4. Additionally, a polar encoder with code length 1024 and parallelism 4 is generated by FLAG, achieving comparable performance to state-of-the-art approaches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper on LLM-assisted baseband hardware generation, which demonstrates the potential for large-scale baseband hardware generation using LLMs.

关键词： Baseband Codes Natural languages Circuits Parallel processing Programming Hardware

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efficient polar coding scheme and implementation with shared information bits

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第10期65卷 309-310页

作者： Wenyue ZHOU Xiaofeng ZHOU Yifei SHEN Qiang LIU Liping LI Chuan ZHANG Laboratory of Efficient Architectures for Digital-communication and Signal-processing (LEADS) National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Purple Mountain Laboratories Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of the Ministry of Education of China Anhui University

Dear editor,Polar codes invented by Ar?kan [1] can achieve the capacity of symmetric binary-input discrete memoryless channels(B-DMCs) with an infinite code length. However, it suffers from unsatisfactory performance with a finite code length [2]. The performance degradation of polar codes with a finite code length is caused by the inadequate polarization phenomenon;

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efficient stochastic successive cancellation list decoder for polar codes

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第10期63卷 133-151页

作者： Xiao LIANG Huizheng WANG Yifei SHEN Zaichen ZHANG Xiaohu YOU Chuan ZHANG Laboratory of Efficient Architectures for Digital-communication and Signal-processing (LEADS) Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Quantum Information Center of Southeast University

Polar codes are one of the most favorable capacity-achieving codes owing to their simple structures and low decoding complexity. Successive cancellation list(SCL) decoders with large list sizes achieve performances very close to those of maximum-likelihood(ML) decoders. However, hardware cost is a severe problem because an SCL decoder with list size L consists of L copies of a successive cancellation(SC)decoder. To address this issue, a stochastic SCL(SSCL) polar decoder is proposed. Although stochastic computing can achieve a good hardware reduction compared with the deterministic one, its straightforward application to an SCL decoder is not well-suited owing to the precision loss and severe latency. Therefore,a doubling probability approach and adaptive distributed sorting(DS) are introduced. A corresponding hardware architecture is also developed. Field programmable gate array(FPGA) results demonstrate that the proposed stochastic SCL polar decoder can achieve a good performance and complexity tradeoff.

关键词： SCL polar decoder stochastic computing 2-bit decoding distributed sorting hardware

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