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Multimodal Brain-Computer Interfaces: AI-powered Decoding Methodologies

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Siyang Wang, Hongbin Chen, Xiaoqing Wu, Dongrui The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China The Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain Computer Interface Technology School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou University China

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enable direct communication between the brain and external devices. This review highlights the core decoding algorithms that enable multimodal BCIs, including a dissection of the elements, a unified view of diversified approaches, and a comprehensive analysis of the present state of the field. We emphasize algorithmic advancements in cross-modality mapping, sequential modeling, besides classic multi-modality fusion, illustrating how these novel AI approaches enhance decoding of brain data. The current literature of BCI applications on visual, speech, and affective decoding are comprehensively explored. Looking forward, we draw attention on the impact of emerging architectures like multimodal Transformers, and discuss challenges such as brain data heterogeneity and common errors. This review also serves as a bridge in this interdisciplinary field for experts with neuroscience background and experts that study AI, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding for AI-powered multimodal BCIs. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Brain computer interface

New Insights on the Stability of Sampled-Data-Based LFC for Power Systems: A Delay-Interval-Dependent LKF Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2025年

作者： Wang, Wei-Min Wang, Yan-Wu Wan, Qian Zeng, Hong-Bing Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan430074 China Hunan University of Technology School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhuzhou412007 China

This paper analyzes the stability problem of load frequency control (LFC) for power systems under uncertain transmission delays. First, an argumented LFC system model accounting for uncertainties in transmission delays is proposed. Then, a novel delay-interval-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) that takes into account both the upper and lower bounds of the transmission delay is proposed. Several less conservative stability criteria are derived using the proposed LKF. Based on the stability criterion obtained, the sampling interval and the upper and lower bounds of the transmission delay are taken as the conditions to guide the controller design. Finally, case studies are conducted based on a one-area power system and a three-area power system, both integrated with wind and solar power generation. The simulation comparison results demonstrate that the proposed LFC scheme exhibits strong robustness against uncertain transmission delays, load fluctuations, and the intermittent generation of wind and solar power. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Stability criteria

CMCRD: Cross-Modal Contrastive Representation Distillation for Emotion Recognition

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Kan, Siyuan Wu, Huanyu Cui, Zhenyao Huang, Fan Xu, Xiaolong Wu, Dongrui Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Wuhan Institute of Digital Engineering Wuhan430074 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

Emotion recognition is an important component of affective computing, and also human-machine interaction. Unimodal emotion recognition is convenient, but the accuracy may not be high enough;on the contrary, multi-modal emotion recognition may be more accurate, but it also increases the complexity and cost of the data collection system. This paper considers cross-modal emotion recognition, i.e., using both electroencephalography (EEG) and eye movement in training, but only EEG or eye movement in test. We propose cross-modal contrastive representation distillation (CMCRD), which uses a pre-trained eye movement classification model to assist the training of an EEG classification model, improving feature extraction from EEG signals, or vice versa. During test, only EEG signals (or eye movement signals) are acquired, eliminating the need for multi-modal data. CMCRD not only improves the emotion recognition accuracy, but also makes the system more simplified and practical. Experiments using three different neural network architectures on three multi-modal emotion recognition datasets demonstrated the effectiveness of CMCRD. Compared with the EEG-only model, it improved the average classification accuracy by about 6.2%. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Modal analysis

Generation Maintenance Scheduling for Power Systems Considering the Risk Quantification of Hybrid Uncertainty

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IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2025年

作者： Yang, Xiao Zhao, Yong Li, Yuanzheng Huang, Cheng Ding, Qiang Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education of China Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan430074 China Power Science Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company China China Electric Power Research Institute Company China

The accurate quantification of risk caused by uncertainty forms a crucial foundation for formulating the generation maintenance scheduling (GMS) of power systems. However, the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of uncertain variables such as wind power and load are challenging to model accurately or are unknown, which makes it difficult to measure their economic risk and formulate appropriate GMS for power systems. To address this issue, we consider hybrid uncertainty from wind power and load, and propose a novel interval-probabilistic worst conditional value-at-risk (IP-WCVaR)-based generation maintenance scheduling method. Firstly, a novel IP-WCVaR method is proposed to measure the risk of the interval and probabilistic hybrid uncertainty, and the analytical mathematical model of the IP-WCVaR is derived through typical scenarios of probability correction. On this basis, the positive and negative spinning reserve models are established using the IP-WCVaR and then integrated into the GMS model, which enhances the resilience of the power system. Finally, the new risk-averse GMS model is formulated as the lower and upper boundary optimal models, which are transformed into tractable mixed integer linear programming problems based on the interval extreme value theory. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed IP-WCVaR method are verified on the modified IEEE 24-bus and IEEE 118-bus power systems. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Mixed-integer linear programming

TSPT: Two-Step Prompt Tuning for class-incremental novel class discovery

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Knowledge-Based Systems 2025年 319卷

作者： An, Jiayu Du, Zhenbang Zhang, Herui Wu, Dongrui Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen518063 China

In real-world applications, models often encounter a sequence of unlabeled new tasks, each containing unknown classes. This paper explores class-incremental novel class discovery (class-iNCD), which requires maintaining previously learned knowledge while discovering novel classes. We consider a more realistic and also more challenging scenario, which has a small number of initial known classes and a large number of unlabeled tasks, with the additional requirement of data privacy protection. A simple yet effective approach, Two-Step Prompt Tuning (TSPT), is proposed. TSPT tackles class-iNCD through prompt tuning, which is rehearsal-free and plug-and-play, protecting data privacy and significantly reducing the number of trainable parameters. TSPT consists of two main steps: (1) novel class discovery, which initializes the classifier using uniform clustering, and uses intra- and inter-sample consistency learning to discover novel classes;and, (2) knowledge fusion, where the prompt learned in the previous step is adapted as task-specific prompt, and additional optimal prompts are selected from a prompt pool to integrate knowledge from both old and new classes. Experiments on three datasets demonstrated the effectiveness of TSPT. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Sensitive data

Spiking Neural Network for Intra-cortical Brain Signal Decoding

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yang, Song Fu, Haotian Zhang, Herui Zhang, Peng Li, Wei Wu, Dongrui Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Systems Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Decoding brain signals accurately and efficiently is crucial for intra-cortical brain-computer interfaces. Traditional decoding approaches based on neural activity vector features suffer from low accuracy, whereas deep learning based approaches have high computational cost. To improve both the decoding accuracy and efficiency, this paper proposes a spiking neural network (SNN) for effective and energy-efficient intra-cortical brain signal decoding. We also propose a feature fusion approach, which integrates the manually extracted neural activity vector features with those extracted by a deep neural network, to further improve the decoding accuracy. Experiments in decoding motor-related intra-cortical brain signals of two rhesus macaques demonstrated that our SNN model achieved higher accuracy than traditional artificial neural networks;more importantly, it was tens or hundreds of times more efficient. The SNN model is very suitable for high precision and low power applications like intracortical brain-computer interfaces. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Deep neural networks

Prescribed Performance control of Two-Time-Scale Systems and Its Application

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International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear control 2025年

作者： Zeng, Ze-Hong Wang, Yan-Wu Liu, Xiao-Kang Yang, Wu School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Huazhong University of Science and Technology Ministry of Education Wuhan China School of Electrical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China

This article explores the prescribed performance control design for linear two-time-scale systems (TTSSs). Due to ill-conditioning and high dimensionality, existing prescribed performance control methods for single-time-scale systems are unsuitable for TTSSs. Moreover, current TTSS methodologies focus on steady-state performance, often neglecting transient dynamics. To address these challenges, we first apply the Chang transformation to decouple the fast and slow states. Next, we use a state transformation to convert the state equation into block form to eliminate the requirement of a full row-rank input matrix. Finally, the backstepping method is utilized to design the prescribed performance control. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control strategy are demonstrated through two examples: a numerical simulation and a hardware-in-the-loop experiment involving an electronic circuit system. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： backstepping control prescribed performance control two-time-scale system underactuated system

A Parallel Read-Write Circuit With Fast Amplitude-Adaptive Matching Scheme to Memristor Crossbar Array

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 2025年

作者： Jiang, Ningye Jiang, Mingxuan Huang, Haoen Yang, Le Huang, Yi Zeng, Zhigang Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education of China Wuhan430074 China Wuhan Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Information Engineering Wuhan430205 China University of Massachusetts Amherst Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering AmherstMA01003 United States

Memristor crossbar array (MCA) is a computing-in-memory (CIM) module for computational acceleration. However, conventional read-write (R-W) circuits for MCA rely heavily on external components and have shortcoming in long writing times. To address these issues, we propose a parallel R-W circuit with a fast amplitude-adaptive matching (AAM) scheme. The fast AAM scheme is designed to accelerate time of writing memristors in MCA by adaptively adjusting the writing voltage to match an optimal amplitude. The architecture of parallel R-W circuit are outlined with the implementation of R-W processes. The design principles of parallel R-W unit, fast AAM unit, and associated control logic are described for analyzing their functions within the circuit. By integrating the parallel R-W circuit with MCA, a computing block is leveraged in a neural network for classification tasks. The experimental results demonstrate that the neural network with multiple computing blocks maintains high accuracy across various datasets (over 80%). Furthermore, the proposed AAM scheme achieves an average 54% reduction in writing time compared to that one without AAM scheme. Compared to the pulse-width scheme, the parallel R-W circuit exhibits an average 3.05× speedup in adjusting a 5×5 MCA, and the speedup efficiency is higher as the increases of MCA size. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Memristors

MindEye-OmniAssist: A Gaze-Driven LLM-Enhanced Assistive Robot System for Implicit Intention Recognition and Task Execution

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Zejia Yang, Bo Chen, Xinxing Shi, Weizhuang Wang, Haoyuan Luo, Wei Huang, Jian Hubei Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Intelligent Systems Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China State key laboratory of intelligent vehicle safety technology chongqing changan automobile co ltd Chongqing400023 China Science and technology innovation center China ship development and design centre Wuhan430060 China

A promising effective human-robot interaction in assistive robotic systems is gaze-based control. However, current gaze-based assistive systems mainly help users with basic grasping actions, offering limited support. Moreover, the restricted intent recognition capability constrains the assistive system’s ability to provide diverse assistance functions. In this paper, we propose an open implicit intention recognition framework powered by Large Language Model (LLM) and Vision Foundation Model (VFM), which can process gaze input and recognize user intents that are not confined to predefined or specific scenarios. Furthermore, we implement a gaze-driven LLM-enhanced assistive robot system (MindEye-OmniAssist) that recognizes user’s intentions through gaze and assists in completing task. To achieve this, the system utilizes open vocabulary object detector, intention recognition network and LLM to infer their full intentions. By integrating eye movement feedback and LLM, it generates action sequences to assist the user in completing tasks. Real-world experiments have been conducted for assistive tasks, and the system achieved an overall success rate of 41/55 across various undefined tasks. Preliminary results show that the proposed method holds the potential to provide a more user-friendly human-computer interaction interface and significantly enhance the versatility and effectiveness of assistive systems by supporting more complex and diverse task. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Eye movements