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Adversarial attacks and defenses in physiological computing:a systematic review

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National Science Open 2023年第1期2卷 62-90页

作者： Dongrui Wu Jiaxin Xu Weili Fang Yi Zhang Liuqing Yang Xiaodong Xu Hanbin Luo Xiang Yu Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou 311121China School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China College of Public Administration Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of MichiganAnn Arbor MI 48109USA School of Management and Sino-European Institute for Intellectual Property Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Physiological computing uses human physiological data as system inputs in real *** includes,or significantly overlaps with,brain-computer interfaces,affective computing,adaptive automation,health informatics,and physiological signal based *** computing increases the communication bandwidth from the user to the computer,but is also subject to various types of adversarial attacks,in which the attacker deliberately manipulates the training and/or test examples to hijack the machine learning algorithm output,leading to possible user confusion,frustration,injury,or even ***,the vulnerability of physiological computing systems has not been paid enough attention to,and there does not exist a comprehensive review on adversarial attacks to *** study fills this gap,by providing a systematic review on the main research areas of physiological computing,different types of adversarial attacks and their applications to physiological computing,and the corresponding defense *** hope this review will attract more research interests on the vulnerability of physiological computing systems,and more importantly,defense strategies to make them more secure.

关键词： physiological computing brain-computer interfaces health informatics biometrics machine learning adversarial attack

A Single-Cell Clustering Algorithm Based on Structure Perturbation Non-Negative Matrix Factorization

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A Single-Cell Clustering Algorithm Based on Structure Pertur...

2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2024

作者： Jiang, Hanjing Wang, Meineng Zhang, Luping Huang, Yu-An Li, Yangyuan Huang, Yabing Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control Education Ministry of China Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Hubei Wuhan430074 China China University of Mining and Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Xuzhou221116 China Yichun University School of Mathematics and Computer Science Yichun336000 China East China University of Technology School of Information Engineering Nanchang330013 China Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Computer Science Xi'an710129 China Renmin Hospital Wuhan University Department of Pathology Wuhan430060 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386226

The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has facilitated the acquisition of high-resolution data regarding cell heterogeneity across various tissues. A fundamental and critical step in the analysis of scRNA-seq data is cell type identification. An appropriate graph construction strategy can reflect the topological structure between cells and allows for detailed exploration of the relationships between cells and genes. Given the sparsity of scRNA-seq data and the pronounced noise generated by shallow sequencing, choosing an appropriate graph construction strategy has become a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a single-cell clustering method, named Sc-PNNMF, based on structural perturbation of nonnegative matrix factorization. Sc-PNNMF employs a structural perturbation algorithm to optimize the gene expression matrix. The optimized matrix guides the matrix factorization process, effectively overcoming the impact of data sparsity and significant noise in gene expression data on the graph construction strategy. We compared the clustering abilities of Sc-PNNMF with five other methods on ten real datasets. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Non-negative matrix factorization

Context-aware Proposal Network for Temporal Action Detection

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Xiang Zhang, Huaxin Zhang, Shiwei Gao, Changxin Shao, Yuanjie Sang, Nong Laboratory of Image Processing Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Alibaba Group China School of Electronic Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and Technology China

This technical report presents our first place winning solution for temporal action detection task in CVPR-2022 AcitivityNet Challenge. The task aims to localize temporal boundaries of action instances with specific classes in long untrimmed videos. Recent mainstream attempts are based on dense boundary matchings and enumerate all possible combinations to produce proposals. We argue that the generated proposals contain rich contextual information, which may benefits detection confidence prediction. To this end, our method mainly consists of the following three steps: 1) action classification and feature extraction by Slowfast [10], CSN [20], TimeSformer [4], TSP [1], I3D-flow [7], VGGish-audio [11], TPN [33] and ViViT [3];2) proposal generation. Our proposed Context-aware Proposal Network (CPN) builds on top of BMN [16], GTAD [32] and PRN [26] to aggregate contextual information by randomly masking some proposal features. 3) action detection. The final detection prediction is calculated by assigning the proposals with corresponding video-level classification results. Finally, we ensemble the results under different feature combination settings and achieve 45.8% performance on the test set, which improves the champion result in CVPR-2021 ActivityNet Challenge [26] by 1.1% in terms of average mAP. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

Learning from Noisy Labels with Coarse-to-Fine Sample Credibility Modeling

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhang, Boshen Li, Yuxi Tu, Yuanpeng Peng, Jinlong Wang, Yabiao Wu, Cunlin Xiao, Yang Zhao, Cairong YouTu Lab Tencent Shanghai China Tongji University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology China

Training deep neural network (DNN) with noisy labels is practically challenging since inaccurate labels severely degrade the generalization ability of DNN. Previous efforts tend to handle part or full data in a unified denoising flow via identifying noisy data with a coarse small-loss criterion to mitigate the interference from noisy labels, ignoring the fact that the difficulties of noisy samples are different, thus a rigid and unified data selection pipeline cannot tackle this problem well . In this paper, we first propose a coarse-to-fine robust learning method called CREMA, to handle noisy data in a divide-and-conquer manner. In coarse-level, clean and noisy sets are firstly separated in terms of credibility in a statistical sense. Since it is practically impossible to categorize all noisy samples correctly, we further process them in a fine-grained manner via modeling the credibility of each sample. Specifically, for the clean set, we deliberately design a memory-based modulation scheme to dynamically adjust the contribution of each sample in terms of its historical credibility sequence during training, thus alleviating the effect from noisy samples incorrectly grouped into the clean set. Meanwhile, for samples categorized into the noisy set, a selective label update strategy is proposed to correct noisy labels while mitigating the problem of correction error. Extensive experiments are conducted on benchmarks of different modality, including image classification (CIFAR, Clothing1M etc) and text recognition (IMDB), with either synthetic or natural semantic noises, demonstrating the superiority and generality of CREMA. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Deep neural networks

CrossGLG: LLM Guides One-shot Skeleton-based 3D Action Recognition in a Cross-level Manner

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yan, Tingbing Zeng, Wenzheng Xiao, Yang Tong, Xingyu Tan, Bo Fang, Zhiwen Cao, Zhiguo Zhou, Joey Tianyi Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Biomedical Engineering Southern Medical University Guangzhou510515 China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou510280 China Singapore Singapore Singapore Singapore

Most existing one-shot skeleton-based action recognition focuses on raw low-level information (e.g., joint location), and may suffer from local information loss and low generalization ability. To alleviate these, we propose to leverage text description generated from large language models (LLM) that contain high-level human knowledge, to guide feature learning, in a global-local-global way. Particularly, during training, we design 2 prompts to gain global and local text descriptions of each action from an LLM. We first utilize the global text description to guide the skeleton encoder focus on informative joints (i.e.,global-tolocal). Then we build non-local interaction between local text and joint features, to form the final global representation (i.e., local-to-global). To mitigate the asymmetry issue between the training and inference phases, we further design a dual-branch architecture that allows the model to perform novel class inference without any text input, also making the additional inference cost neglectable compared with the base skeleton encoder. Extensive experiments on three different benchmarks show that CrossGLG consistently outperforms the existing SOTA methods with large margins, and the inference cost (model size) is only 2.8% than the previous SOTA. CrossGLG can also serve as a plug-and-play module that can substantially enhance the performance of different SOTA skeleton encoders with a neglectable cost during inference. The source code will be released soon. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Signal encoding

Model-Based and Data-Driven Contingency Filtering for Real-Time Corrective Security-Constrained Economic Dispatch

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Model-Based and Data-Driven Contingency Filtering for Real-T...

IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2)

作者： Donghai Han Yaowen Yu Dingxin He Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665434263

Security-constrained economic dispatch (SCED) is one of the most important problems in power system operations. Corrective SCED (CSCED) is a type of SCED that considers corrective capabilities of the power system and adjusts base case decisions according to post-contingency states. Because of the large scale of the CSCED problem, it is difficult for purely model-based approaches to meet the time limits in real-time practical operations. To leverage historical operation data, this paper develops a novel hybrid model-based and data-driven framework to accelerate the solution process of CSCED. In the offline stage, our previous model-based contingency filtering approach is utilized to label active statuses of contingencies against historical net load samples. In the online stage, a multi-label classifier based on the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm quickly generates an active contingency set corresponding to the real-time net load. This active contingency set can be used to calculate the economic dispatch decisions in one shot. In addition, the accuracy of our framework can be further improved by adding an optional contingency filtering procedure at the end. Numerical testing results on the IEEE RTS-96 system demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the hybrid framework as compared to a purely model-based approach.

关键词： Economics Renewable energy sources Filtering Computational modeling System integration Real-time systems Numerical models

6-DOF grasp planning of manipulator combined with self-supervised learning

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6-DOF grasp planning of manipulator combined with self-super...

第33届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Zhenyu Ren Gang Peng Jin Yang Hao Wang School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education

To realize a robust robotic grasping system for unknown objects in an unstructured environment,large amounts of grasp data and 3D model data for the object are *** reduce the time cost of data acquisition and labeling and increase the rate of successful grasps,we developed a self-supervised learning mechanism to control grasp tasks performed by ***,a manipulator automatically collects the point cloud for the objects from multiple perspectives to increase the efficiency of data *** complete point cloud for the objects is obtained by utilizing the hand-eye vision of the manipulator,and the TSDF ***,the point cloud data for the objects is used to generate a series of six-degrees-of-freedom grasp poses,and the force-closure decision algorithm is used to add the grasp quality label to each grasp pose to realize the automatic labeling of grasp ***,the point cloud in the gripper closing area corresponding to each grasp pose is obtained;it is then used to train the grasp-quality classification model for the *** results of performing actual grasping experiments demonstrate that the proposed self-supervised learning method can increase the rate of successful grasps for the manipulator.

关键词： Manipulator Grasping Self-Supervised Learning 3D Reconstruction

Watch the Speakers: A Hybrid Continuous Attribution Network for Emotion Recognition in Conversation With Emotion Disentanglement

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lei, Shanglin Wang, Xiaoping Dong, Guanting Li, Jiang Liu, Yingjian School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Education Ministry of China Wuhan430074 China Wuhan430074 China School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China

Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC) has attracted widespread attention in the natural language processing field due to its enormous potential for practical applications. Existing ERC methods face challenges in achieving generalization to diverse scenarios due to insufficient modeling of context, ambiguous capture of dialogue relationships and overfitting in speaker modeling. In this work, we present a Hybrid Continuous Attributive Network (HCAN) to address these issues in the perspective of emotional continuation and emotional attribution. Specifically, HCAN adopts a hybrid recurrent and attention-based module to model global emotion continuity. Then a novel Emotional Attribution Encoding (EAE) is proposed to model intra- and inter-emotional attribution for each utterance. Moreover, aiming to enhance the robustness of the model in speaker modeling and improve its performance in different scenarios, A comprehensive loss function emotional cognitive loss LEC is proposed to alleviate emotional drift and overcome the overfitting of the model to speaker modeling. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on three datasets, demonstrating the superiority of our work. Another extensive comparative experiments and ablation studies on three benchmarks are conducted to provided evidence to support the efficacy of each module. Further exploration of generalization ability experiments shows the plug- and-play nature of the EAE module in our method. © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Emotion Recognition

Learning from Untrimmed Videos: Self-Supervised Video Representation Learning with Hierarchical Consistency

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Qing, Zhiwu Zhang, Shiwei Huang, Ziyuan Xu, Yi Wang, Xiang Tang, Mingqian Gao, Changxin Jin, Rong Sang, Nong Key Laboratory of Image Processing Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Alibaba Group China ARC National University of Singapore Singapore Dalian Unversity of Technology China

Natural videos provide rich visual contents for self-supervised learning. Yet most existing approaches for learning spatio-temporal representations rely on manually trimmed videos, leading to limited diversity in visual patterns and limited performance gain. In this work, we aim to learn representations by leveraging more abundant information in untrimmed videos. To this end, we propose to learn a hierarchy of consistencies in videos, i.e., visual consistency and topical consistency, corresponding respectively to clip pairs that tend to be visually similar when separated by a short time span and share similar topics when separated by a long time span. Specifically, a hierarchical consistency learning framework HiCo is presented, where the visually consistent pairs are encouraged to have the same representation through contrastive learning, while the topically consistent pairs are coupled through a topical classifier that distinguishes whether they are topic-related. Further, we impose a gradual sampling algorithm for proposed hierarchical consistency learning, and demonstrate its theoretical superiority. Empirically, we show that not only HiCo can generate stronger representations on untrimmed videos, it also improves the representation quality when applied to trimmed videos. This is in contrast to standard contrastive learning that fails to learn appropriate representations from untrimmed videos. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning