Abstract The objective of the paper is to present an approach used to define task sharing between human operator and robot, when new functions have to be defined for human operator and new autonomous functions are ava...
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Abstract The objective of the paper is to present an approach used to define task sharing between human operator and robot, when new functions have to be defined for human operator and new autonomous functions are available for robot. A study of complementarities between levels of automation and human machine cooperation approaches is firstly proposed, and leads to the definition of three main axes necessary to design and evaluate human-machine systems and cooperation. An example of use of these definitions is then proposed to study of cooperation between a human operator and an unmanned ground vehicle with various levels of autonomy.
A model to calculate the residual tempering stresses arising during the thermal tempering of flat glass in a static position in an industrial tempering unit has been developed. The model is a 3D finite-element model, ...
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A model to calculate the residual tempering stresses arising during the thermal tempering of flat glass in a static position in an industrial tempering unit has been developed. The model is a 3D finite-element model, based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) estimation of the heat transfer distribution on the glass surface, and takes structural and stress relaxations into account. First, the inhomogeneous distribution of the residual stresses for a reference air-impinging velocity value are presented and validated by photoelasticity measurements of the surface compression. For other velocities corresponding to the unit's processing capabilities, the numerical results highlight the relationship between heat transfer and stress in terms of average values and inhomogeneities on the glass surface.
Heterarchic manufacturing control system offer a significant potential in terms of capacity, adaptation, self-organisation and real time control for dynamic manufacturing system. In this paper, we present our steps to...
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The continuous increasing number of car embedded systems requires to wonder about the compatibility of the use of such systems while the driving. The richness of their interface, their complexity and their numbers nee...
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The continuous increasing number of car embedded systems requires to wonder about the compatibility of the use of such systems while the driving. The richness of their interface, their complexity and their numbers need to ensure that their use doesn't exceed the driver capacity. To bring elements of answer to this question, this paper presents a methodology for the development of a real-time workload estimator. This methodology is based on the simultaneous analysis of objective and subjective data by the mean of an exploratory multivariate approach. Objective data are composed of driving performance indicators while subjective data are results from subjective workload assessments. The data were collected during an experimentation set on a driving situation which was designed to induce several levels of task demand.
This paper presents an approach to analyze drivers' behaviours during critical events using a driving simulator and to estimate the dynamic responses of drivers by means of numerical simulation. The first part of ...
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This paper presents an approach to analyze drivers' behaviours during critical events using a driving simulator and to estimate the dynamic responses of drivers by means of numerical simulation. The first part of this work is to present the experimental results obtained from 35 subject responses. A scenario of an unavoidable crash is created in the simulator-based experiment. All drivers swerved away in order to avoid the truck heading straight towards them. It was observed that 30% of the subjects placed their left hand at the right side of the steering wheel. In the second part, five classes of driver pre-crash behaviours are defined and then analyzed with Madymo®. The load applied to the virtual dummy corresponded to the deceleration undergone by a car during a head-on collision at 50 km/h. The results of the simulation emphasized a critical situation which could lead to a mortal traumatism.
Seat belt assemblies are tested prior to vehicle crash tests in accordance with the UNECE R16 regulation. Thanks to these tests, global verifications of the restraint system performance are performed. Nevertheless, th...
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Since few years, the tendency is in the increasing of in-vehicle system number. These systems can be more or less useful for the driving but before being integrated in a wide range of vehicle, the compatibility with t...
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Since few years, the tendency is in the increasing of in-vehicle system number. These systems can be more or less useful for the driving but before being integrated in a wide range of vehicle, the compatibility with the driving task must be discussed. A previous study, using on-line subjective workload assessment had shown the limits of such approach. This paper describes a second experiment which goal is the design of an workload indicator based on objective and subjective measures by the study of the driving performance when the driver become overloaded. After a review of the different second tasks used to evaluate the impact of cell phone on driving and the different performance indicators used, the set up of the experiment will be discussed
The present study was undertaken to assess the influence of two FE modelling strategies on the identified mechanical properties of cranial bone samples. Two experimental databases were reproduced numerically using the...
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The present study was undertaken to assess the influence of two FE modelling strategies on the identified mechanical properties of cranial bone samples. Two experimental databases were reproduced numerically using the two mesh types. Experimental tests were four-point and cantilever beam bending loadings carried out on fresh as well as embalmed cranial bone samples. Then, the elasto-plastic properties of four bone samples were identified: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and yield stress were determined independently using a dichotomy method. Identification results were highly influenced by element type, geometry reconstruction and loading type.
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